Soil fertility influences oil palm nutrient status, particularly its cation exchange capacity (CEC), which affects nutrient retention. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different fertilizer treatments on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) soil CEC and leaf nutrient status in the yielding phase. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four treatments and six replications: A = 2.5 kg NPKMg (12:12:17:2) per plant, B = 50 kg empty fruit bunch (EFB) compost per plant, C = 30 kg EFB compost + 300 mL humic acid per plant, and D = 10 kg EFB compost + 300 mL humic acid per plant. Observations included soil CEC and leaf N, P, and K levels. Results showed that the highest CEC value (45.89 cmol.kg-1) was observed in treatment A, while treatment C had the lowest (20.58 cmol.kg-1). Nitrogen content increased only in treatment A (+15.54%), whereas phosphorus content increased in all treatments, with the highest increase in treatment D (+92.59%). Potassium content generally decreased, except in treatment C (+2.63%). A strong positive correlation was found between soil CEC and leaf N (r = 0.91). In conclusion, inorganic fertilizer significantly enhanced CEC and leaf nitrogen, while humic acid with compost improved phosphorus uptake. However, potassium remained deficient across all treatments, indicating the need for better nutrient management strategies in oil palm plantations.

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) is an essential crop in Indonesia, valued for its sap used to produce sugar, alcohol, and biofuel. However, its long maturation period of 7-12 years requires optimal cultivation practices, including effective fertilization, to enhance productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inorganic fertilizers on the growth of sugar palm during the immature phase. The experiment was conducted at Ciparanje Experimental Field, Universitas Padjadjaran, using a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications: the recommended dose of compound fertilizer, 75% and 50% of the recommended dose of compound fertilizer, the recommended dose of single fertilizer, and 75% and 50% of the recommended dose of single fertilizer. Observed variables included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, canopy area, and chlorophyll content. Results showed that the application of single fertilizer at the recommended dose produced the best outcomes for all observed variables, particularly leaf number, leaf area, plant height, and chlorophyll content. High chlorophyll content was strongly correlated with optimal nitrogen fertilization, supporting enhanced photosynthesis. This study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate type and dosage of fertilizer to improve sugar palm cultivation efficiency and provides valuable insights for optimizing practices during the immature phase.

The palm oil mill of PT SH located in Lamandau district, Central Kalimantan province, with an actual capacity of 50 tons of oil palm fruit bunches per hour, experiences problems such as the availability of fresh fruit bunch supply that is not optimal according to the factory capacity, the processing process is not smooth. There is often downtime due to damage to the machine unit during factory operation. This study aims to examine (1) the effect of fresh fruit bunches (amount or tonnage processed), (2) the effect of processing capacity (mill throughput), (3) the effect of downtime, and (4) the effect of processing costs on crude palm oil (CPO) production at the palm oil mill of PT SH by focusing on crude palm oil production as the dependent variable, then the number of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) processed, processing capacity, downtime, and processing costs as independent variables. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis modified from the Cobb-Douglas equation. The results of this study show that the factors of the number of FFB processed and processing capacity have a significant effect on CPO production. In contrast, downtime and processing costs do not significantly affect CPO production.

Indonesia, as the second largest rubber producer in the world, has exported rubber to various countries; India is one of the leading destinations for rubber export. However, many factors can affect Indonesian rubber exports to India. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian rubber exports in India and the international market and to determine the factors that can affect Indonesian rubber exports to India. The data used are secondary data from 2005 to 2022 obtained by FAO, ITC, BPS, World Bank, and Bank Indonesia. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), and Export Competitiveness Index (ECI) methods to analyze the competitiveness of rubber export. Multiple linear regression analysis to analyze the factors that affect exports. The study results show that the competitiveness of Indonesian rubber exports in the Indian market is strong, although it fluctuates. The competitiveness of Indonesian rubber exports in the international market is dominated by strong export competitiveness, but it has had weak competitiveness. Production factors and land area have a significant and positive effect, exchange rates and export prices have a negative impact, and producer prices and India’s GDP per capita do not significantly affect exports. This states that increasing the export competitiveness and volume of Indonesian rubber exports to India can be done by increasing rubber production to increase the supply of export rubber.

Regional II Sinumbra Unit is a state-owned company. Tea is a Superior commodity that has high export opportunities. PTPN I Regional II Sinumbra Unit is a state-owned company that maintains and processes black tea products. The production of black tea involves the performance of the supply chain of high-quality black tea products. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency value of the tea supply chain performance of the five regions in the Sinumbra Plantation. Data collection by interview and secondary data analysis on the head of the production, head of the field section, and several staff at PTPN I Regional II Sinumbra. The method used is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method with DEAP 2.1 software to analyze the efficiency of supply chain performance. Supply chain flows include goods, financial, and information flows. The results showed that region I afdeling II is an area that has high efficiency compared to the other five regions with an average of 0.689. Each region produces a fairly good efficiency value with an average vulnerability of 0.568-0.689.

Improving the quality of PMK soil by applying bokashi and NPK fertilizer is expected to increase the physical and chemical fertility of the soil. This research aims to determine the effect of bokashi and NPK fertilizer and their interaction in improving the growth of oil palm seedlings in PMK soil during the pre-nursery phase. The experiment was conducted in Ensalang Village, Sekadau Hilir District, Sekadau Regency, from October to December 2023. The experiment was arranged using a randomized complete block design (CRD) factorial with two factors. The experiment was repeated 3 times and consisted of 9 samples so that 405 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that the interaction between bokashi and NPK fertilizer affected plant height, dry weight, stem diameter, and root volume. Bokashi independently affects leaf area, plant dry weight, stem diameter, and root volume. NPK fertilizer independently affects plant height, leaf area, and plant dry weight.

Roots are organs in rubber plants that play a role in absorbing nutrients, including from inorganic fertilization. The application of mycorrhiza can increase the role of rubber plant roots in nutrient absorption. This research aims to determine the application of mycorrhiza to increase the growth of rubber plants in root trainer nurseries. The research was carried out from April to September 2022 at the Bogor-Getas Research Unit experimental field, Salatiga. The experimental design used a completely randomized design consisting of 8 treatments and eight replications. The treatments in this study were control without fertilization, root fertilizer every 2 weeks, mycorrhiza (5 and 10 g/plant), and a combination of mycorrhiza (5 and 10 g/plant) with root fertilizer (every 2 and 4 weeks). The mycorrhiza treatment (5 and 10 g/plant) with root fertilizer every 2 and 4 weeks showed growth in plant height, stem diameter, root weight, and plant weight, which was not significantly different compared to root fertilizer every 2 weeks. Higher relative agronomic effectiveness compared to root fertilizer every 2 weeks as standard treatment was obtained in mycorrhiza treatments (5 and 10 g/plant) with root fertilizer every 2 weeks (RAE 106% and 135%). These results show that mycorrhiza can increase plant growth and relative agronomic effectiveness without reducing liquid inorganic fertilizer applied through the roots

The coffee berry borer (CBB), caused by the Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari insect, is a significant pest for coffee farmers, particularly attacking the berries and affecting both the quality and quantity of coffee production. CBB attacks can reduce the quantity and quality of coffee plant production. CBB can be controlled by using botanical pesticides. One such botanical pesticide is derived from the Piper aduncum L. plant, which contains various compounds including dilapiol, piperamidin alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, polyphenols, tannins, and terpenoids. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of botanical pesticides from P. aduncum L. in controlling CBB. This experiment used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with one factor studied, namely the effect of variations in the provision of botanical pesticides of Piper aduncum L. with treatments P0 = control; P1 = 15%; P2 = 25%; P3 = 35%; and P4 = chemical pesticides. This experiment consisted of 5 treatment levels with three replications, each containing ten pests. The results showed that treatment P3 (35%) was the most effective concentration in controlling CBB. Botanical pesticides at a concentration of 35% had the same effect as chemical pesticides on the parameters of mortality observation and suppression of pest attack intensity.

Indonesia's palm oil industry has long faced criticism and denial, accusations that the palm oil industry is unsustainable, and smallholder plantations are seen as contributing to environmental risks. In response to this, the Indonesian government, to ensure the sustainability of the palm oil industry, created a sustainability standard called ISPO, which is mandated to be mandatory for all companies and smallholders through presidential regulation number 44/2020 with a grace period of 5 years to fulfill these obligations. However, these efforts faced various problems, especially for independent smallholders. Based on the problems faced, this study aims to determine the realization of ISPO principles and criteria and identify the achievement of ISPO principles and criteria in smallholder oil palm plantations in Tungkal Ilir District, Banyuasin Regency. The research method used is a quantitative descriptive approach with Guttman scale measurements to analyze the realization of the application of ISPO principles and criteria and identify the achievements of ISPO principles and criteria. From many study results, the realization of the implementation of ISPO principles and criteria in Tungkal Ilir District from the available indicators has yet to be met, and many still need to. Many require more attention, including the criteria for legality and management of smallholders, criteria for obligations related to environmental permits, technical criteria for applying oil palm cultivation and transportation, and the principle of implementing transparency.

This research aims to explore the impact of temperature and duration of cocoa pressing on the properties of the cocoa butter produced, as well as the organoleptic preferences of the panelists. The pressing process uses a hydraulic press method for cocoa paste. This research design was carried out using two factors, namely pressing temperature with three levels: 50°C, 70°C, and 90°C, and pressing duration with three levels: 30, 40, and 50 minutes. The cocoa butter produced was analyzed for yield, free fatty acid content, water content, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that pressing temperature significantly influenced yield, water content, free fatty acid content, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, and antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, the duration of pressing only affects the yield, water content, saponification value, iodine value, and peroxide value. The cocoa butter produced can meet SNI standards. It has high antioxidant activity, which is obtained under operating conditions at a temperature of 50°C for 30 minutes, even though it produces the lowest yield. This research shows that lower pressing temperatures and duration can produce good quality cocoa butter, which panelists accept without changing the aroma, appearance, and original composition, even though the resulting yield is lower.