A primary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of gallbladder is an extremely rare. Clinical and radiologic features of IMTs are nonspecific and can mimic malignant neoplasm. Herein, we present a case of gallbladder IMT, which was initially suspected to be gallbladder cancer preoperatively.

Radiomics refers to a method for extracting quantitative features from images and analyzing them. Compared with classic visual image analysis, radiomics provides a more comprehensive and objective approach and is expected to provide additional information from images that cannot be achieved with visual image analysis. Radiomics has been investigated for its potential in predicting the prognosis and biologic behavior of primary liver cancers. Although radiomics offers some advantages, it has several limitations that need to be addressed before it can be used in clinical practice. In this review article, I will discuss radiomics features, the typical processes for radiomics analysis, representative research on radiomics applications in liver cancers, and the limitations of radiomics.

Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is a rare hepatic vascular disorder that can cause portal hypertension. Its diagnosis can be challenging, as its clinical manifestations can overlap with those of liver cirrhosis. However, radiological imaging can provide valuable clues to differentiate PSVD from liver cirrhosis. This review aims to identify imaging findings that suggest PSVD in cross-sectional imaging and ultrasound elastography, enabling the suggestion of a liver biopsy that is essential for diagnosis of PSVD.

Sonazoid, a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent, was introduced for the diagnosis of hepatic nodules. To clarify the issues with Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Korean Society of Radiology and Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology collaborated on the guidelines. The guidelines are de novo, evidence-based, and selected using an electronic voting system for consensus. These include imaging protocols, diagnostic criteria for HCC, diagnostic value for lesions that are inconclusive on other imaging results, differentiation from non-HCC malignancies, surveillance of HCC, and treatment response after locoregional and systemic treatment for HCC.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of perfusion computed tomography (PCT) parameters for differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) from other benign subepithelial tumors (SETs) in the stomach.Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients with gastric SETs subsequently confirmed via surgery underwent PCT using a multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanner at 80 kVp. Two radiologists analyzed key CT features including homogeneity and degree of enhancement. PCT parameters including blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time, and permeability surface value (PS) were independently calculated by two other radiologists. Comparative analysis of the CT features and perfusion parameters of GISTs and other benign SETs was then performed. Diagnostic performances of the perfusion parameters were also evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: Twenty-four patients were proven to have GISTs via histologic examination, while the remaining non-GISTs included 3 leiomyomas, 3 schwannomas, and 1 totally necrotic nodule. Among the conventional CT features, lymphadenopathy was more frequent in non-GISTs (2/7, 28.6%) than in GISTs (0/24, 0%) (p = 0.045). Among the PCT parameters, the mean PS in the areas of strongest enhancement of GISTs (25.3 ± 23.9 mL/100 g/min) was significantly higher than that of other SETs (8.8 ± 8.8 mL/100 g/min) (p = 0.029). In ROC analysis, an area under the curve of 0.774 (p = 0.03), sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 57.1% were achieved when the PS cut-off was set at 7.17 mL/100 g/min.Conclusions: Perfusion parameters were helpful for differentiating GISTs from other benign SETs, as GISTs exhibited significantly higher PS than non-GISTs.

Desmoid tumor is a rare soft tissue tumor and accounts less than 1% of retroperitoneal tumor. It is pathologically benign soft tissue tumor, while clinical behavior is aggressive, showing high rate of local recurrence. It consists of spindle cell, collagen and myxoid matrix thus it shows diverse imaging patterns according to its composition. In this case report, surgically diagnosed retroperitoneal desmoid tumor is presented.

Inflammatory fibroid polyps are rare benign tumors of the gastrointestinal tract with the gastric antrum being the most common site, followed by the ileum. This case report presents a large inflammatory polyp causing ileal intussusception in a 78-year-old male patient, complaining abdominal pain, with a literature review.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are usually located entirely within the pancreatic parenchyma. However, unusual exophytic or pedunculated PanNETs are sometimes discovered in imaging studies, requiring differential diagnosis with various peripancreatic tumors and non-tumors. Herein, an exophytic PanNET whose origin was identified only after the surgical exploration is presented along with the potential radiologic differential diagnosis.

The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is highest in Eastern countries, such as Thailand, South Korea, and China, but its incidence and mortality are increasing worldwide. Over recent decades, the worldwide age-standardized incidence for iCCA has been steadily increasing, whereas that for perihilar CCA and distal CCA has been decreasing. The macroscopic growth pattern of CCA is somewhat different according to the anatomic location of the tumor. iCCA can show three main patterns of growth: mass forming, periductal infiltrating, and intraductal growing. Morphologic classification is important to understand the mode of tumor spread, which is critical in predicting a tumor’s resectability and in planning the extent of surgery. Furthermore, different macroscopic growth types are resulting in different imaging findings and different list of differential diagnosis. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of current knowledge and what is envisaged on the horizon for iCCA, focusing on mas-forming type. 1. Tumor growth pattern 2. Histological subtype of iCCA 3. Imaging phenotype and differential diagnosis of iCCA 4. Staging of iCCA 5. Preoperative prognostic prediction of iCCA