Abstract PurposePreterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a major contributor to preterm birth and is associated with increased risks of maternal and neonatal complications. The aim of this review is to summarize current antibiotic strategies and explore emerging adjunctive therapies, including probiotics, amnioinfusion, and fetal membrane repair, to improve the management of PPROM.MethodsRelevant literature on antibiotic therapy for PPROM and emerging treatment strategies was systematically retrieved from PubMed. The data were analyzed to compare standard antibiotic protocols with personalized and combination regimens.ResultsEvidence indicates that adjusting antibiotic duration and adopting precision‐based regimens may improve clinical efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Moreover, probiotics, amnioinfusion, and fetal membrane repair hold promise in alleviating infection‐related inflammation and improving pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsOptimizing antibiotic therapy via individualized approaches and incorporating adjunctive treatments could enhance the management of PPROM. Future research ought to concentrate on pinpointing biomarkers for personalized antibiotic selection, evaluating combination therapies, and assessing long‐term maternal–fetal outcomes.

Abstract AimThe use of vitrified–warmed blastocyst transfer (VBT) cycles has increased significantly. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the post‐warming culture duration and blastocyst morphology on clinical outcomes in VBT cycles.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1551 VBT cycles. After propensity score matching to adjust for confounding variables, cycles were categorized based on post‐warming culture duration into short‐period (SPC; n = 365) and long‐period (LPC; n = 730) culture groups. Blastocysts were classified into good (GG; n = 413) and poor morphological grade (PG; n = 289) groups. Clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates were compared between groups to assess correlations with culture duration and morphological quality.ResultsIn the GG group, post‐warming culture duration was not significantly associated with survival, clinical pregnancy, implantation, ongoing pregnancy, or miscarriage rates for both single and double embryo transfers. However, in the PG group, the miscarriage rate was significantly higher in the SPC group than in the LPC group (26.7% vs. 2.6%). Furthermore, the SPC‐PG group showed increased vulnerability in embryonic markers (positive markers: 82.5% vs. 69.5%; negative markers: 17.5% vs. 30.5%).ConclusionsOverall, no statistically significant differences were observed in clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates between the SPC and LPC groups. These findings suggest that while the timing of embryo transfer (ET) after warming can be adjusted to optimize each laboratory's workflow, the primary determinant of ET strategy should be blastocyst morphology, with culture duration tailored accordingly.