Digitization has become essential in modern society, transforming the way we live, work, and interact. The state institutions, including those in the Republic of Moldova, are no exception to this process, being faced with the need to adapt and transform to meet new technological requirements and rigors. The Republic of Moldova has developed digitization plans to support this modernization process, ensuring an efficient and effective transition to a digital environment. a few different dispersed modules, which leads to compatibility problems between them; and (3) the technology used previously being outdated and inefficient, as a result, causing a response time that is far too long, followed by the impossibility of managing the requests of the platform users. The present research describes some aspects of the development of a digital tool for solving the aforementioned problem within STS. The present study lies within the field of information and communications technology, with a particular focus on developing software solutions to support public service operations in various state institutions.

This manuscript presents characterization of ZnAl2O4/ZnO micro-nanostructures of their morphological, chemical, structural and sensing properties. The ZnO micronanostructures obtained using flame transport synthesis were covered with ZnAl2O4 nanodots by chemical approach. Morphological, chemical and structural properties have been investigated using SEM, EDX and XRD, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy investigation shows the formation of micro-nanostructures of different morphologies, namely tetrapods and nanowires, covered with nanodots. The EDX study revealed the chemical composition of the micro-nanostructures, confirming the presence of Al on the micronanostructures’ surfaces too. The XRD pattern of the studied micro-nanostructures shows the presence of ZnO and ZnAl2O4 crystalline phases in the grown material. A single ZnAl2O4/ZnO nanostructure was integrated into a device by FIB/SEM and tested to a series of gases at different operating temperatures, demonstrating selectivity to 100 ppm hydrogen gas and response value of ~1.2 up to ~3.65 at 20 °C and 150 °C, respectively. A sensing mechanism to hydrogen gas was proposed, involving free electrical charge transfer between ZnO wire and ZnAl2O4 nanodots. Based on the knowledge gained, optimization of hydrogen gas sensors using the methods and nanomaterials presented herein is envisioned.

This paper deals with the features of quantum computing for a system containing a relatively large number of qubits n, which is characterized by a half-integer effective spin S in the Schwinger representation of paired bosons. It was shown that for n = 70, the number of boson states corresponding to lowest 2S + 1 excited energy levels of each of the two harmonic oscillators implementing the two-boson representation of the effective spin S is N = 1070 = 1.18 x 1021. Under such conditions, it can be assumed with great precision that for n ≥ 70 all boson states of both harmonic oscillators participate in the implementation of the two-boson representation of the effective spin S. This allows one to apply the quantum field theory methods when performing quantum computations for multi-qubit systems. Another advantage of the Schwinger representation of paired bosons compared to the spinor representation when performing quantum computations for multi-qubit systems is that in the first case the form of the spin projection operators of the effective spin S does not depend on the number of qubits n.

This study investigates the effects of torrefaction on the properties of pellets produced from vegetable biomass residues of fruit shrubs. The research focuses on two pellet formulations: (1) a blend of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) residues and (2) a mixture of sea buckthorn residues with wheat straw. The torrefaction process was conducted in an inert argon atmosphere at temperatures between 200 °C and 300 °C for durations ranging from 10 to 30 min. The study assessed the impact of these parameters on the net calorific value and ash content of the pellets. Results indicate that torrefaction significantly enhances the calorific value of the biomass, with optimal conditions identified at 250-280 °C and exposure times of 15-25 min. However, excessive temperature and duration lead to mass losses and increased ash content. These findings provide insights into optimizing torrefaction parameters for improving the quality of densified solid biofuels derived from agricultural residues.

For a clear and almost exhaustive perspective on the physiology of living organisms, it is important to use the best method to sample the signal and to process it correctly, without affecting the content of information. Therefore, the method must ensure the best possible sensitivity and selectivity. In this work, a device for processing physiological signals is designed. The main component will be an instrumentation amplifier, whose characteristics meet specific requirements. This is an amplifier suitable for high-quality recording of extracellular signals from muscle and nervous tissue. Its characteristics are related to the fact that it has a gain and bandwidth for the signals of interest, a common mode rejection rate, filtering and low internal noise. The input impedance is high, and the consumption is low are other key features of this device. In addition, the component costs are very low, and the design is very compact. Due to the high input impedance of the amplifier, it adapts very easily to different signals. The final experimental results show the viability of the solution chosen by design.

The digitization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has accelerated in recent years, increasing their reliance on information systems to support core business operations. ENISA’s 2021 report showed an important growth in SME dependence on IT, while the World Economic Forum ranked cybersecurity failure among the top five global risks. Although digital transformation brings competitive advantages, it also exposes SMEs to cyber threats. A comparative analysis of scientific studies from the UK, Australia, the EU, Malaysia, and the USA identified social engineering, Denial of Service (DoS) / Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), and Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks as the most frequent threats. This article analyzes the main barriers preventing SMEs from implementing information security frameworks and identifies the lack of national-level regulations in the Republic of Moldova. Based on a structured model developed by the authors, the paper proposes tailored recommendations for improving information system security in Moldovan micro-enterprises. The findings emphasize the need for contextualized, cybersecurity solutions and public policy support targeting risk management and awareness.

Statistical analysis reinforces the conclusion that road accidents are not random and even more unpredictable or unavoidable, although their occurrence is random. The concentration of road accidents at intersections is high, around 25-30% of the total number of road accidents. The intersection itself is an area of concentration of conflict points, where the occurrence of road accidents is both theoretically and practically possible due to the contact of vehicle flows from three different directions: intersecting, separating and merging. Increasing the safety of intersections therefore boils down to taking measures to reduce the number of conflict points and the degree of their potential danger. The article describes the purpose, advantages and disadvantages, conflict points, classification and types of roundabouts. The benefits of roundabout organization in terms of road traffic safety, environmental safety and increasing the road's passing capacity, thus reducing waiting time at intersections, are also analyzed.

To ensure effective management of medical devices, it is imperative that medical devices must be safe and inoffensive, and their management must be based on evidence. Thus, to help enhance the safety of medical devices, a new mechanism for the periodic compliance assessment of medical devices has been developed. The mechanism involves the assessment of general safety, electrical safety and performance parameters in line with international best practice. At the same time, the effective management of medical devices requires data and information related to medical devices and their lifecycle events, which can be obtained through the medical device management information system. The establishment and implementation of efficient management of medical devices, involves strengthening the capacities of medical devices’ management, in order to be able to respond to the current requirements of the health system, in such a way as to ensure the functionality of medical devices and the safe and efficient use of medical devices. Accordingly, the implementation of efficient management of medical devices is fundamental for providing qualitative, safe and efficient medical devices, which contributes to increasing the quality of medical services.

The method for preparing fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from lipids for gas-liquid chromatography, developed by K. Ichihara and Y. Fukubayashi, was optimized as a result of research on the influence of mild (45 ℃, for 14 h) and fast (100 ℃, for 1 h) methanolysismethylation conditions on the FAMEs yield. Based on the minor impact on the final products and the good FAMEs yields, the optimized mild methanolysis/methylation method was applied to eight vegetable oil samples and two types of fish oil dietary supplements. The FAMEs compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). On the recorded chromatograms, 16 types of fatty acids with majority content were identified and their mass fractions were calculated. The modified Ichihara-Fukubayashi method allowed the conversion of ester-bound fatty acids and free acids to FAMEs in a single step. The accuracy, accessibility and convenience of the method, the use of low concentrations of samples and reagents were noted.

In this paper general formulas for the likelihood function have been derived in the case when uncensored/censored statistical data refer to the lifetime of serial-parallel and parallel-serial type networks when the lifetimes of the system units are independent, identically distributed random variables, the number of subsystems and the number of units in each subsystem are random variables with power series type distribution. The formulas can be applied to obtain maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters of the lifetime distribution of the mentioned networks. The results are illustrated by examples of concrete probabilistic models.