Abstract Larger litter sizes in swine production systems and potential milk limitations for piglets have given new opportunities to incorporating creep feeding as a management strategy. Sows (n = 51) and their litters were used to test the effects of creep feed and nursery diets on piglet lactation and nursery growth performance. Ten days before weaning, litters were assigned to one of three creep feeding treatments: 1) Control diet: 2) Control+Flavoring (50 ppm Allium XL, Pancosma): 3) No creep feed. Creep feed was delivered twice/day via one bowl creep feeder/litter. Sows and litters (17/treatment) were allotted to equalize parity (average = 2.8), genetics, number of piglets (average = 10.9), and weaning age (average = 19.1). Litter weights and creep feed intake were recorded on d 0, 4, and 10 (weaning). Post-weaning pigs were allotted to Control or Flavoring (50 ppm Allium XL) diets in a 3x2 factorial arrangement. During nursery there were 10 pens/treatment with 7 or 8 pigs/pen, blocked by initial BW within creep treatment. Nursery treatments were fed in phase 1 (1.13 kg/pig) and 2 (2.27 kg/pig) diets followed by common phase 3 (6.8 kg/pig) and 4 (ad lib to d 35) diets. Weekly pig BW and feed intake were used to calculate nursery pen ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Data were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS 9.4. Creep feeding treatment during lactation did not affect litter or piglet BW gain pre-weaning. Flavoring did not affect total creep feed intake (control = 114 g/pig vs. flavoring = 110 g/pig). Providing creep feed during lactation increased ADFI on days 2, 3, and 4 post-weaning (P < 0.013). Pigs fed either creep feed increased week 1 nursery ADFI (8.8%; P< 0.02), numerically increased ADG (5.2%), and greater d ay7 BW (P = 0.055). Week 3 ADG (P < 0.05) and ADFI (P < 0.05) were greater for the no creep pigs than pigs fed the control creep feed, flavored creep feed pigs were intermediate. For week 4, ADG, and week 4 and 5 ADFI, pigs previously fed control creep had greater growth performance than pigs previously fed flavored creep with pigs fed no creep being intermediate (P< 0.05). Overall (days 0-35), pigs fed control creep had greater ADG ( P< 0.05) and ADFI (P < 0.05) than flavored creep fed pigs with no creep pigs being intermediate in ADG and greater ADFI than flavored creep fed pigs. Final BW (P < 0.05) was greater for control creep fed pigs than flavored creep fed pigs with no creep pigs being intermediate (23.5 kg, 23.0 kg, 23.3 kg, respectively). Nursery dietary flavoring treatment did not affect post-weaning ADG, ADFI, or G:F at any point during the study (P > 0.12). Lactation creep feeding significantly increases ADFI and ADG during the first week post-weaning, which could improve post-weaning performance and reduce the rate of pigs failing to thrive post-weaning.

Nitrogen fertiliser is the major input and cost for wheat production, being required to support the development of the canopy to maximise yield and for the synthesis of the gluten proteins that are necessary for breadmaking. Consequently, current high-yielding cultivars require the use of nitrogen fertilisation levels above the yield optimum to achieve the grain protein content needed for breadmaking. This study aimed to reduce this requirement by identifying traits that allow the use of lower levels of nitrogen fertiliser to produce wheat for breadmaking. A range of commercial wheat genotypes (cultivars) were grown in multiple field trials (six sites over 3 years) in the UK with optimal (200 kg Ha-1 ) and suboptimal (150 kg Ha-1 ) application of nitrogen. Bulked grain samples from four sites per year were milled and white flours were baked using three types of breadmaking process. This identified five cultivars that consistently exhibited good breadmaking quality when grown with the lower nitrogen application. Chemical and biochemical analyses showed that the five cultivars were characterised by exhibiting grain protein deviation (GPD) and high dough elasticity. It is possible to develop novel types of wheat that exhibit good breadmaking quality by selecting for GPD and high dough strength. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

ObjectivesThe main objective is to develop a novel powdered extract from Ceylon tea, standardized to gallic acid, flavanols and xanthines, and to evaluate “in vivo” its functional properties. MethodsCeylon tea leaves and corresponding powdered extracts were obtained at laboratory and industrial scales. To analyze individual antioxidants, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (J. Chromatogr. A, 2000,881, 439–447) and Gas Chromatography (ACS Food Sci. Technol., 2021, 1, 4,596–604). Oxidative stress resistance (J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59,2077–2085). C. elegans nematodes were egg-synchronized in NGM plates (control medium) and NGM plates containing Ceylon extract (0.1 to 2 mg/mL). Nematode viability was assessed after oxidative stress (2 mM H2O2). Vitamin C (10 μg/mL) was used as positive control. Experiments were carried out in duplicate. Infection assays (Antioxidants 2021, 10,536). Nematodes were age-synchronized by recovering the eggs from adults in agar plates, already seeded with E. coli OP50 (NGM), and NGM plates containing three different doses of Ceylon (0.1 to 1 mg/mL). The pathogen strain Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) was used for infections. Nematodes were incubated at 25 °C and scored for survival during 5–10 days. ResultsChromatographic analyses Industrial scale Ceylon extracts was standardized to gallic acid (1.8 ± 0.0%), monomeric, oligomeric flavanols and methyl xanthines, respectively 2.1 ± 0.1%, 0.2 ± 0.0%, & 4.2 ± 0.1%. The volatile composition showed characteristic profile of Camellia sinensis, with higher relative proportion of trans-2-hexenal (1.9 ± 0.1%), linalool (3.1 ± 0.3%) and benzaldehyde (3.5 ± 0.2%), together with limonene (12.0 ± 1.3%) and eugenol (13.0 ± 0.0%). Antioxidant activity and pathogen protection ADM® Ceylon extract showed significant protection both upon acute oxidative stress and S. aureus infection in the model of C. elegans. Thus, nematodes feeding 1 mg/mL of Ceylon extract, significantly increased their survival compared with control fed population (48% versus 28%). The extract (1 mg/mL) increased 20% survival vs control infected population. ConclusionsADM® Ceylon powdered extract is a novel standardized functional extract with potential antioxidant and protective effects against pathogens. Funding SourcesThanks to ADM® for funding this research work.

In the present research, an advanced decomposition technique based on the Adomian decomposition method is proposed to achieve the highly accurate numerical solution of non-linear initial value problems of Bratu’s-type without any linearization, perturbation and discretization. For the completeness of the proposed technique, convergence analysis is also addressed. The reliability, generality and validity of the proposed technique are examined by calculating the absolute errors of some initial value problems of Bratu’s type. Moreover, the obtained solutions are compared graphically with the precise solution and also with some existing approaches solutions.

Abstract A total of 1260 weaned pigs (PIC 359x1050) from 358 sows were used to determine effects of feeding sows and/or their progeny a proprietary strain of Pichia guilliermondii as a whole-cell inactivated yeast product (WCY; CitriStim, ADM Animal Nutrition, Quincy, IL) on nursery and grow-finish growth performance and carcass characteristics. Sows were fed either a basal gestation/lactation control (CON) diet or CON fortified with 0.1% (0.91 kg/ton) WCY throughout gestation and lactation. Progeny were fed either a CON diet, or CON fortified with 0.15% (1.36 kg/ton) WCY in the nursery period and 0.05% (0.45 kg/ton) WCY in grow-finish. Pigs were allotted (21 pigs/pen, 15 pens/treatment) to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial design. For the nursery period (d0-42 post-weaning), there was no difference in ADG or ADFI (P > 0.05). However, pigs fed WCY in the nursery had lower G:F than pigs fed CON (P = 0.029). Livability of nursery pigs produced from CON fed sows was 92.22% and trended to improve to 94.23% for pigs produced by WCY fed sows (P = 0.157). During the grow-finish period, pigs from sows fed WCY had greater overall ADG (d0-end; 0.89 kg/d vs. 0.92 kg/d), ADFI (2.19 kg/d vs. 2.24 kg/d), and final body weight (BW; 133.97 kg vs. 136.04 kg) compared with pigs from CON fed sows (P < 0.016). A greater hot carcass weight (HCW; 98.51 kg vs. 100.48 kg) and carcass yield percentage was observed for pigs produced from WCY fed sows compared with pigs produced by sows fed CON (P < 0.023). Livability during the grow-finish period was 95.09% for pigs from CON fed sows and trended to increase to 96.92% for pigs produced from WCY fed sows (P = 0.146). In conclusion, feeding sows WCY contributed to improving their progeny’s grow-finish ADG, ADFI, final BW, HCW, and carcass yield percentage. Additionally, a trend for improved combined wean-to-finish livability of 3.84% from sows fed WCY may be meaningful.

Abstract A total of 77 mixed parity sows were used from d 28 of gestation until weaning to determine the effects of supplementation of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) on colostrum composition and serum immunocrit ratios. On d 28 of gestation, sows were weighed, blocked by parity and weight and allotted to either control diets (UNSUP) or control diets plus 0.3% inclusion of MCFA blend in gestation and lactation. After birth of the first piglet, a 40 mL colostrum sample was collected. On d 2 of age, a 1 mL blood sample was collected from the piglet mammary vein and serum was stored. Colostrum samples were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, and total solids. Piglet serum were analyzed for immunocrit ratios. Piglet fecal samples were collected at 10, 35 and 63 d of age and quantitative rtPCR for Lactobacillus were completed. Data were analyzed as a randomized incomplete block with maternal diet as main effect and litter as experimental unit. The MCFA sows had greater (P < 0.05) concentration of colostral protein (17.7 vs 16.5%) and solids not fat (23.4 vs 22.2%), a tendency for greater concentration of total solids (29.9 vs 28.6%, P=0.07) and tendency for reduced (P = 0.07) concentration of lactose. Overall preweaning survivability was 91.6 and 92.5% in UNSUP and SUP litters, respectively. Serum immunocrit values (0.16 vs 0.14) were greater (P = 0.01) in piglets from UNSUP sows compared with supplemented. Lactobacillus represented 55 and 49% at day 10, 24 and 57% at day 35 and 9 and 3% at day 63 of age in UNSUP and SUP pigs, respectively and were not different. In conclusion, MCFA supplementation in gestation and lactation diets improved overall colostrum quality.

Abstract A total of 38 mixed parity sows were used from 28-d of gestation until weaning to determine the effects of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) in sow and nursery pig diets on litter characteristics and growth performance. On 28-d of gestation, sows were blocked by parity and body weight (BW), and allotted to either a control diet (UNSUP) or a control diet plus 0.3% inclusion of DaaFit Plus (MCFA) fed during gestation and lactation. At weaning, piglets (n=432) were allocated in a 2x2 factorial based on maternal diet (UNSUP or MCFA) and post-weaning diet (UNSUPnurs or MCFAnurs) in a 3-phase nursery pig feeding program lasting 42 days. Individual piglets were weighed at birth, 7-d, at weaning and every 2 weeks post-weaning. A flu outbreak occurred during the latter part of gestation leading to high overall stillborn rate (11%). There was no impact of MCFA supplementation on sow performance (P>0.14). During the suckling period, MCFA fed to sows had no impact on piglet weights or ADG (P>0.82). In the nursey period, overall gain (0.112±0.02 kg) was low in the first two weeks possibly due to health challenges. Supplementation of MCFA to sows or nursery pigs had no impact on body weights during the nursery period (P>0.32); however, absolute differences between groups increased with week [wean, 0.10kg; wk 2, 0.14kg; wk 4, 0.71kg; wk 6, 0.83kg) to the advantage of MCFA fed pigs. Pigs from MCFA fed sows had greater feed intake (P< 0.02) from 14 to 28-d and decreased gain:feed (P < 0.04) from 28 to 42-d compared to pigs from UNSUP sows. Overall, sow and nurser-y pigs fed MCFA had numerically greater 42-d BW, ADG, and ADFI. In conclusion, despite health challenges, supplementation with MCFA in gestation, lactation or in the nursery period improved piglet performance.

The existence and uniqueness of the solution is proved for a nonlinear boundary value problem for ODE subject to an infinite condition \cite{1}, which describes the study of two-phase Stefan problems on the semi-infinite line [0,\infty). This result considerably extends the analysis of a recent work \cite{4}. A highly accurate analytic approximate solution of this problem is also provided via the Adomian decomposition method.

El sistema europeo de educación superior ha pasado de un contenido de aprendizaje a una orientación basada en los resultados de aprendizaje y el desarrollo de competencias. La Facultad de Administración y Dirección de Empresas (FADE) desarrolla las 13 competencias relacionadas con el aprendizaje de los contenidos. En esta comunicación, desarrollaremos la competencia "CT-12 Planificación y Gestión del Tiempo" que fue elegida como punto de control en las siguientes asignaturas: en un 1er nivel en las asignaturas "Dirección de producción y operaciones" y "Matemáticas financieras" y en un 2º nivel en las asignaturas "Banca y Bolsa", "Dirección de Recursos Humanos" y "Valoración de Empresas". Explicaremos las metodologías de evaluación aplicadas en cada una de las asignaturas, así como el desarrollo de las ventajas y desventajas observadas en el desarrollo de la competencia TC-12. Bajo la visión metodológica de acción-investigación y la observación crítica de la enseñanza en las asignaturas “Dirección de producción y Operaciones", "Matemáticas Financieras", "Banca y Bolsa", "Dirección de Recursos Humanos" y "Valoración de Empresas". Utilizamos las clases teóricas/seminarios, las prácticas y sesiones de laboratorio y el portafolio de ejercicios de los estudiantes con el fin de comprobar cómo se desarrolla la CT-12.