CDs sourced from spiced lemongrass have been produced by hydrothermal method at hydrothermal temperatures of 120 ℃, 140 ℃, 160 ℃ and 180 ℃. The addition of urea as a nitrogen source was carried out in the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles at a hydrothermal temperature of 180 ℃ for two hours and three hours to see the effect on the optical properties of the CDs. The addition of urea gave a different effect on the two CDs. But the energy band gap (Eg) of the two becomes narrower. For two hours of hydrothermal duration, the addition of urea showed a significant increase in absorbance, but a decrease in fluorescence intensity, whereas for three hours, it resulted in an increase in fluorescence intensity. The results of measuring the size distribution of carbon nanoparticles showed a peak value of 52.32 nm. Functional group analysis using the FTIR spectrometer showed that the carbon nanoparticles consisted of C=C, C-O, O-H, 𝐶-N-𝐶 bonds. Urbach energy (Eu) increases with increasing hydrothermal synthesis temperature at 2 hours and 3 hours. The decrease and increase in the Urbach energy (Eu) is caused by the increasing regularity of the hydrothermal temperature as a result of the synthesis time so that the structure of the CDs becomes more stable and homogeneous.

Sample of Arenga Pinnata (AP) fibres, ropes and nets were prepared from AP ropes using traditional tools. The ropes and nets were used as agricultural material such as vertical farming of vines (passion fruit, grape, bitter gourd, and melon) in Gorontalo and Japan. The combination of nets and vines acts as green curtain (GC) which. Could mitigate the thermal energy in outdoor as well as indoor buildings. and tested with the deformation rate of up to the point of rupture. To avoid the failure of ropes and nets on supporting the weight of the vines, the Universal Testing Machine Model WDW-50 were used to determine the ultimate tensile forces. While the physical size of the AP fibres, ropes and nets also being measured to confirm the uniformity of the individual ropes and nets

Urbanization is the movement of people from villages to cities, this has caused an increase in population growth in urban areas resulting in increased demand for development which has reduced land for green spaces, green roofs are present as a farming concept amidst limited land in urban areas as well as assisting in passive cooling. The process of photosynthesis must play a role in roof shading. The selection of vegetation in the form of passion fruit vines as a roof covering material can spread up to 24 m, the object of research is a house in a housing complex by comparing two rooms, using a vegetation roof cover and without a vegetation roof cover, based on the results obtained a room with a vegetation roof cover experienced a decrease in temperature as the growth of vines covered the roof, the results obtained were a comparison between the two rooms, namely 0.1℃ in January, 1.1℃ in February and 2.6℃ in March when the peak temperature is during the day.

The limited supply of wood as a raw material in various industries requires a better alternative material. Wasted-based composite engineering can be a solution to this problem. What's more, composite can be engineered according to needs, such as having the ability to reduce heat to maintain comfortable room temperature conditions. Therefore, in this research, a particle board reinforced by pineapple leaf fiber waste and HVS paper waste was developed to know the effect of the particle board reinforcement composition on reducing heat. In this research, a comparison of pineapple leaf fiber waste and HVS paper waste was used at 100%:0%; 70%:30%; 50%:50%; 30%:70%; and 0%:100% with resin adhesive. This particle board is made by mixing all the ingredients and then printing it into a mold and then carrying out the drying process. The test was carried out based on a temperature difference analysis. The most optimum particle board reinforcement composition to reduce heat is 100% pineapple leaf fiber waste : 0% HVS paper waste.

This study aims to optimize the existing remote control system. Previous Remote Control Systems only operated on local networks using the TCP/IP model. The control system created is a remote control system development of the TCP/IP model. This control system can control and monitor the status of electrical loads using a smartphone device without being limited by distance. The method used in this research is the system design method. The result of this research is a prototype capable of controlling electrical loads from an unlimited distance. The test results show that the system works according to the program that was created. This system has great opportunities to be developed in terms of user access security. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk optimalisasi sistem kendali jarak jauh yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Sistem Kendali jarak jauh sebelumnya hanya beroperasi pada jaringan lokal menggunakan model TCP/IP. Sistem kendali yang dibuat merupakan pengembangan sistem kendali jarak jauh model TCP/IP. Sistem kendali ini dapat mengontrol dan memonitor status beban listrik menggunakan perangkat smartphone tanpa dibataisi oleh jarak. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode sistem rancang bangun. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah prototype yang mampu mengontrol beban listrik dari jarak yang tidak terbatas. Hasil ujicoba menujukkan bahwa sistem bekerja sesuai dengan program yang dibuat. Sistem ini memiliki peluang yang besar untuk dikembangkan dari sisi keamanan akses pengguna.

This research aims to make a miniature ore material transfer tool automatically using Omron PLC. The way this tool works is that when the start button is pressed, motor 1 will move the apron containing the ore to be taken to the 3 storage barrels to be filled alternately. In each storage barrel, a proximity sensor is installed to detect the level of ore filling. On the rails that are passed by the apron, there are three limit switches that serve as indicators that the position of the apron is right above the storage barrel, then motor 2 will open the valve on the apron so that the ore on the apron falls into the reservoir. From this research, we have succeeded in obtaining an automatic control system for a miniature material transfer device in the ore distribution process.