Kyzylorda region is the main producer of rice in Kazakhstan. Annually, out of 195 thousand hectares of irrigated fields used in the region, about 80-90 thousand hectares are sown with rice. However, every year due to low water in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya River there are problems with water supply for water-loving rice crop. Prospects of rice production under conditions of water deficit in Kyzylorda region are conditioned by necessity of application of water-saving technologies providing favorable thermal, salt and nutrient regimes. Water consumption of rice culture is 9,0-11,0 thousand m3/ha depending on biological specificity of rice and this indicator is 3-4 times lower than irrigation norm of rice in the region. Most of the water excessively applied to rice fields is wasted in summer and increases secondary soil salinization and reduces crop yields. Besides, due to deterioration of technical condition of irrigation canals and collector-drainage systems, mineralized groundwater is located close to the ground surface. Undoubtedly, this will increase soil re-salinization and reduce crop yields. One of the most difficult problems in rice fields is weed control. Application of chemical deteriorates the ecological condition of the region and reduces its economic efficiency. As a result of research on the development of water-saving and herbicide-free technology of rice irrigation under conditions of water shortage in the Kyzylorda region was saved 6460-9070m3 of water per hectare, ie compared to the current irrigation regime was saved 25-30% of water, and rice yield increased by 6.0-8.0 centners per hectare. In addition, an effective method of weed control in rice fields is the destruction of weeds by water regime without the use of pesticides and the improvement of irrigation technology of rice crop. As a result of the research it was found that maintenance of 20 cm water layer in checks after full germination of rice seeds provides 84% weed suppression and high yield of rice without herbicides

The city of Kyzylorda is a River by the international transport corridor "Western Europe-Western China", has convenient transport links with Russia and the republics of Central Asia. The city is located within the Turan lowland, in a desert zone and is characterized by a flat relief. The climate here is one of the main natural factors that shape the living conditions of citizens. Summers are long hot, dry and windy winters with little snow. The average January temperature is –9.4°C, the absolute minimum is –38°C. The average July temperature is +26.3°C, the absolute minimum is +46°C. The soils on the territory of the city of Kyzylorda are very saline. Everywhere salt comes to the surface, in connection with which the soil conditions for the growth of green spaces are severely disturbed. These are the consequences of the Aral Sea catastrophe. The population of the city of Kyzylorda as of 2023 was 315,550 people. At the expense of investors, the manufacturing industries are actively developing in the city - the production of the food industry, building materials, chemical and light industries. In recent years, the volume of the food industry has increased by 2.1 times, the production of plastic products by 9%, the production of the chemical industry -15.1%, etc.

Agriculture has been solving the problem of increasing yields through chemical plant protection products. Their intensive use has led to the need for the biologization of agriculture, which means the production of products using the maximum potential of environmental factors to increase yields without harming the environment. Using seeds with high sowing qualities is the key to obtaining sustainable yields. In this regard, this article presents the results of research on the effect of pre-sowing treatment of alfalfa seeds with Organit P, Organit N, Biodux, Systemica M biopreparations, OrganitN+ OrganitP+Bidux for sowing qualities and field germination. The experiments were carried out in 3-fold repetition, observations were made according to 6 variants of the experiment. Laboratory experiments were conducted according to the methodology for determining the growth strength of seeds of forage crops according to GOST 12038-84. The flow rate of the working fluid for seed treatment was taken at the rate of 1 ml per 100 g of seeds. Germination energy was determined on the 3rd day, and laboratory germination on the 7th day. The scheme of the experiment included a variant without treatment (control) with the treatment of seeds with biological preparations a day before sowing. It was revealed that the treatment of alfalfa seeds with biological preparations improves the indicators characterizing the initial stages of plant growth and development ontogenesis. Regarding germination energy, the highest result was shown by the preparations Systemica M–75,0% and Organit N+ Organit P+ Bidux – 68,5%. Using the Organit N+ Organit P+ Bidux complex of drugs increased laboratory germination to – 81,5% and field germination to – 41,5%.

The sandy pastures around the world are most often used year-round for cattle breeding. Here, desert sandy soils (Arenosols), which have become widespread, unlike the others, even with a short-term anthropogenic load, easily lose the texture of the surface horizon, which, under conditions of high wind activity, in a short time (5-7 years) turn into mobile sands and, with in the absence of work to fixing them, they quickly expand into hilly dunes. Due to the lack of vegetation in them, the processes of deflation and the appearance of foci of winding are rapidly developing. Such foci were formed in the Southern Balkhash region as a result of the intensive use of woody plants by local residents as a source of fuel and daily cattle passing. They thereby became, on the one hand, the "conductor" of desertification, and on the other hand, its victim. To restore the fertility of such formations, we wanted to understand first of all how dunes are created and how they undergo changes over time. Therefore, we studied the influence of the wind regime on the seasonal changes in their landforms, considering the wind and hydrothermal regimes. It has been established that the bare surface of sand dunes is strongly heated during the summer months, up to 45.0-46.0°С in its windward part and up to 47.2 and 52.0°С in the leeward part. And the humidity of the upper layer of a sand dune at the end of summer drops to a critical level (0.26%), which, under conditions of wind activity and aridity of the local climate, leads to the movement of sand masses by the wind from its windward to leeward part. This, in turn, in combination creates unfavorable conditions for the survival of plants.

Potato suffers from severe viral and fungal pathogens infection in the process of production. Identification of pathogen resistance germplasm is of great significance in the breeding program.This study presents the results of tubers of foreign potato breeding lines for virus transmissionand subsequent artificial infection with the causative agent of dry fusarium rot. Potato viruses X-, Y-, S-, and M were identified in the studied samples by the ELISA method (DAS–ELISA). The third tuberous generation of PRC lines grown in the conditions of the Tselinograd district of the Akmola region was affected by individual viruses: PVM and PVX and their complexes, including PVM, PVY, PVX and PVS. It was established that potato breeding material was mainly infected with PVM (48.6%) and PVY (21.6%). Using microscopic analysis and the classical PCR method, 3 local isolates of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum were identified in tuber samples of potatoes with Fusarium symptoms. On virus-free tuber material of 18 potato breeding lines, resistance to the Kazakh isolate of dry Fusarium rot "Nevsky" was studied in laboratory conditions. The average degree of resistance to F. oxisporum micromycetes was established in the potato breeding line: Z 861-1 and relatively high in the lines: Z 440-3. These lines can be considered as a high-quality source material in the breeding process when creating new competitive potato varieties.

Widely zoned speciesof forage grasses in Kazakhstan are Sudan grass, sorghum and mogar. Due to their biological characteristics, they can germinate and grow in a dry-steppe region. The biological feature of the selected herb mixture is its deep root system. Therefore, in order to study resource-saving technologies and restore degraded pastures, seeds of herbaceous communities (Sudanese grass, sorghum and mogar) and the biological preparation "Tumat" were taken for further small-scale farming experience According to the results of the work carried out, it was found that before the experiment was laid, in the spring, the salinity of the soil by degree belongs to the neutral type of salinity (pH<8.5). The pH value of the soil for the cultivation of fodder crops is optimal. According to the humus content in the humus horizon (0.88-1.15), they are low-humus by grouping. Prior to the experiment, the amount of nitrogen in the soil ranged from 36.4 to 47.6 mg/kg, that is, there is no high demand for nitrogen fertilizers for plants, respectively. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus according to Machigin is low, and the content of K2O in the soil is from 120 to 150 mg / kg, according to Machigin, the average and the need for fertilizer is also average. According to the results of phenological observations, it was revealed that the phase of development of grain fodder crops in variants with spraying of the biological product 1 time was from germination to tillering 15-16 days. In variants without the use of biofertilizer, it takes 17-18 days. The phase of development of legume fodder crops in variants with spraying of the biological product 1 time from germination to the beginning of branching was 17-18 days. In variants without the use of biofertilizer is 19-20 days. The seeds of the sweet clover, compared with alfalfa, rose a day or two later, since it is a solid seed crop.

Potatoes are one of the most important agricultural crops in Kazakhstan. It is an indispensable food item, because it is popularly called a second bread for its nutritional value. The studies were conducted to identify the influence of the timing of litter manure application in conjunction with mineral fertilizers and planting density on the duration of potato development phases and plant height in the West Kazakhstan region. The experiments were laid by a systematic method with a tiered arrangement of variants in the experiment, the repetition is 3-fold. Cattle manure was used on a straw litter of autumn-winter harvesting. The following types of fertilizers were used: ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, potassium chloride. Research methods: descriptive method and methods of field experiments. Statistical processing of the yield was carried out by a dispersion analysis. Phenological observations in experiments have shown that the doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of manure application have some effect on the phases of potato plant development. Weather conditions also have a great influence on the duration of interphase periods. The timing of manure application in combination with mineral fertilizers had a certain effect on plant growth, but differences in plant height were more noticeable from the budding phase and in subsequent phases, therefore, we provide data on plant height in the flowering phase. The plant height was also influenced by the timing of manure application, and the weather conditions of the year, as well as the density of planting, the lowest plants were obtained in variants without manure application and its application in winter on snow. This pattern has been observed in all years of research. The tallest plants are noted when applying manure under the chill and during spring application. This work is of practical importance for the cultivation of potatoes on dark chestnut soils of the Republic of Kazakhstan under irrigation with the use of optimal doses of mineral fertilizers and manure. Properly chosen doses of mineral fertilizers and manure can increase the yield of potatoes from 35% to 50%, while now it is 75-80 centners per hectare

In crop production, the usage of various microelements for seed treatment is of great importance, which have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of plants. This article presents the results of the effect of presowing treatment of soybean seeds with agrominerals based on tagan bentonite and fungicidal biostimulants. The agrominerals consist of complexes of succinic acid and ethylenediamine succinic acid with silver or copper ions in combination with a film-forming substance, as a starch, to increase economically useful qualities of the crop. Various effects of agrominerals were revealed, on the growing season of soybean, such as development, yield, weight of 1000 seeds, quantity of beans on plants, protein and fat content in seeds. It has been established that pre-sowing treatment with separate complexes ofSA-Сu, SA-Ag, and Starch-SA-Cu leads to a reduction in the vegetation period by 5-8 days. However, agromineral based onTgn-EDSA-Ag-Starch and Tgn-EDSA-Cu- Starchon the contrary, increases the duration of the vegetation period by 4-7 days. The yield increases of (Nur+) 3.1-3.5 centner/hectar (cwt/ha) and (Progress) 3.0-4.1 cwt/ha in comparison with the control.Also, the influence of agrominerals on the weight of 1000 seeds, the number of beans on plants, the content of protein and fat in seeds were noted.

The article deals with the issues of waste-free technology of wastewater disposal. Analysis of information on water quality and the state of the ecosystem of Kazakhstan's water bodies shows that most of them are unable to perform their main function – to maintain the geosystem structure formed as a result of prolonged anthropogenic human activity. The reason for the current environmental situation is the management of the economy in accordance with the previously adopted and practically valid technocratic concept of economic development, which does not actually include the thesis of taking into account possible negative consequences for the environment as a result of extensive consumption of resources. In this regard, the consequence for the water resources of Kazakhstan was the loss of water content and the formation of polluted wastewater, the discharge of which has become the norm in the practice of modern wastewater disposal. The ever-increasing flow of pollution, which includes more and more new ingredients, leads to a change in the intensity and direction of the water-body processes in the drainless basins of Kazakhstan. As a result of economic activity, foci of secondary pollution with completely unpredictable properties were formed, which are included in the scope of action of intra-reservoir processes. Currently, scientists are persistently searching for specific innovations or technological schemes for the functioning of enterprises or industrial complex, which will significantly reduce and completely eliminate emissions of harmful anthropogenic substances. In this regard, engineering developments of closed and semi-closed technological cycles, circular water supply systems of enterprises, technical systems with low water and energy consumption, low-waste and non-waste technologies for waste disposal of urban and industrial facilities are considered the most promising

In the unfavorable environmental conditions of the Kyzylorda region, associated primarily with water scarcity, salinization and soil degradation, measures are needed for the cultivation of agricultural land and reproduction of soil fertility, associated with phyto-reclamation, the complex use of organic and mineral fertilizers, cultivation and introduction of salt-resistant crops, in particular legumes of perennial grasses, which, undoubtedly, it will become the basis for optimal functioning of agroecosystems, stable development of crop production diversification in order to obtain high-quality agricultural products. Melilotus, being an excellent pasture legume plant for restoring vegetation cover of saline soils, will make it possible to obtain high yields of off-season pasture production in territories that are currently unproductive.The article presents the results of studies to determine the effect of organomineral fertilizers on the yield and productivity elements of the clover. It was found that of the various studied norms of organomineral fertilizers, applying phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of P60 is the most effective, providing a stable and reliable increase in crop productivity by 53.5%. And the introduction of organomineral fertilizer "manure 15 t / ha + P60", where the highest yield of hay was 87.7 c / ha, the authors consider it ineffective, since the yield difference between them (2.2 c / ha) is insignificant, which is lower than the value of LSD05 = 4.7 c / ha. Variants of phosphorus fertilizers and a combination of manure of 15 t/ha with P60 had a significant impact on the quality and nutritional value of the melilot feed, where the protein content in the 1st year of the melilot life increased to 280.2 and 302.4 kg/ha, and in the 2nd year of life to 591.9 and 608.4 kg/ha.