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Musical enchantment. Affective pragmatics and the making of intersubjective grief in lăutari funeral performance

This paper contributes to the expanding body of ltierature on affective performance by examining, from a semiotic perspective, the role of live musicians (lăutari) in the expression and shaping of grief during funeral ceremonies among members of the Roma in Romania. By conducting de detailed analysis of two funeral performances by Florin Salam, drawn from publicly available sources, this study illustrates how musicians utilize lyrical content with inherent affective potency, and exploit sound iconicity to imbue their vocal communication with emotional resonance. Additionally, the paper explores the use of various forms of pronominal deictic ambiguity by musicians, enabling them to indirectly engage either the entire audience or specific individuals. I show how the pragmatic function of the verbal and non-verbal strategies employed by performers is to transform the affective potentiality of a funeral event into actualized emotions. Furthermore, I emphasize the influence of local social aesthetics on both the actions of musicians and the modes through which participants articulate their emotions. Ultimately, I argue that the emotional impact of an affectively charged performance emerges from a confluence of factors, including vocal technique, discursive practices, musical instrumentation, and social dynamics. This paper contributes to the expanding body of ltierature on affective performance by examining, from a semiotic perspective, the role of live musicians (lăutari) in the expression and shaping of grief during funeral ceremonies among members of the Roma in Romania. By conducting de detailed analysis of two funeral performances by Florin Salam, drawn from publicly available sources, this study illustrates how musicians utilize lyrical content with inherent affective potency, and exploit sound iconicity to imbue their vocal communication with emotional resonance. Additionally, the paper explores the use of various forms of pronominal deictic ambiguity by musicians, enabling them to indirectly engage either the entire audience or specific individuals. I show how the pragmatic function of the verbal and non-verbal strategies employed by performers is to transform the affective potentiality of a funeral event into actualized emotions. Furthermore, I emphasize the influence of local social aesthetics on both the actions of musicians and the modes through which participants articulate their emotions. Ultimately, I argue that the emotional impact of an affectively charged performance emerges from a confluence of factors, including vocal technique, discursive practices, musical instrumentation, and social dynamics

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Les ambiances au sein des equipements touristiques de la ville coloniale de Biskra (Est Algerien)

Conquered by the French army in 1844, Biskra was widely known as a notorious winter tourist destination during the colonial era. Characterized by a hot and dry climate, the ‘queen of the oases’ in the Ziban region was renowned for its numerous tourist facilities constructed using techniques imported from elsewhere, local materials, and apparent local stylistic influences. This distinguished architecture was notably mentioned in travel accounts and highlighted in tourist guides. Situated in the realm of heritage and architecture, this research aims to go beyond the knowledge of the built (material) heritage of hotels and thermal resorts in a southern Algerian city. Therefore, this article identifies and defines the atmospheres (intangible heritage) and architectural components, along with their origins, within the tourist facilities built in Biskra during the colonial period. Content analysis is the research technique applied to a corpus of textual sources dating from the colonial period itself. Thus, this work is conducted in accordance with a methodological protocol allocating the study of atmospheres, form, and construction. The acquired results shed light on a historical mode of construction adapted to a challenging natural environment, and they provide a valuable historical reference for contemporary tourism projects suitable for demanding contexts.

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Preliminary odontometric study on a sample of human second molars of 16th -19th centuries, from the city of Iași (Romania)

Owing to their excellent postmortem preservation, teeth are particularly important in archeological and forensic contexts. Teeth have been studied in several bioarchaeological research areas including crown morphology and size. Although odontometrics received attention in the last decades, there are few studies regarding tooth crown dimensional variability in past human populations from Romania. This study refers to the metric variability assessment of the second molar (M2) crown belonging to human skeletons of 16th -19th centuries discovered during archaeological excavations in the city of Iași (Romania). Variables such as buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) diameters, crown index (CI), crown area (CA), and sexual dimorphism index (SDI) were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The results show that the maxillary second molar (M2) in male has the higher variability for the both BL and MD diameters. No significant differences were obtained between male and female series in four variables (i.e., BL, MD, CI, CA). The discriminant analysis highlighted new aspects regarding the implication of the CA and CI variables in the discriminant functions of the sexual dimorphism, although not statistically supported. This study represents a new contribution to the knowledge of dental variability in medieval and premodern human populations from Iași city.

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Research report on Transylvanian traces in Starchiojd commune, Prahova county

This paper puts into perspective documented episodes of migration in Prahova County, shedding light on historically overlooked aspects. It focuses on the demographic, rural, and urban evolution of settlements in Prahova, particularly exploring migrations from Transylvania to the Prahova region beyond the Carpathian arc. The study seeks to understand the impact of these migrations on villages and towns, examining their influence on the local living environment. Utilizing a historical-anthropological methodology, the research aims to present contemporary traces of these migrants, referred to as "ungureni," and their contribution to the culture of the Prahova region, with specific attention to the settlements of Starchiojd. We will try to analyze available sources related to the history of the Starchiojd commune, with a specific focus on identifying historical "fragments". The primary objective is to investigate the presence of Transylvanian elements and examine their impact on the local space and society within the studied area. Once brought to light and arranged chronologically, these episodes will significantly contribute to the reconstruction and deeper understanding of the local past. During the research process, it is crucial not to isolate the particular space from its historical and geographical context. On the contrary, it should be studied through comparison. This approach allows for the identification of aspects such as the presence of a minority integrated among the locals, cultural exchanges, or influences on indigenous products (songs, legends, toponyms, attire, etc.). These findings can highlight the cultural differences that define the respective community in relation to the majority. This paper puts into perspective documented episodes of migration in Prahova County, shedding light on historically overlooked aspects. It focuses on the demographic, rural, and urban evolution of settlements in Prahova, particularly exploring migrations from Transylvania to the Prahova region beyond the Carpathian arc. The study seeks to understand the impact of these migrations on villages and towns, examining their influence on the local living environment. Utilizing a historical-anthropological methodology, the research aims to present contemporary traces of these migrants, referred to as "ungureni," and their contribution to the culture of the Prahova region, with specific attention to the settlements of Starchiojd. We will try to analyze available sources related to the history of the Starchiojd commune, with a specific focus on identifying historical "fragments". The primary objective is to investigate the presence of Transylvanian elements and examine their impact on the local space and society within the studied area. Once brought to light and arranged chronologically, these episodes will significantly contribute to the reconstruction and deeper understanding of the local past. During the research process, it is crucial not to isolate the particular space from its historical and geographical context. On the contrary, it should be studied through comparison. This approach allows for the identification of aspects such as the presence of a minority integrated among the locals, cultural exchanges, or influences on indigenous products (songs, legends, toponyms, attire, etc.). These findings can highlight the cultural differences that define the respective community in relation to the majority. This paper puts into perspective documented episodes of migration in Prahova County, shedding light on historically overlooked aspects. It focuses on the demographic, rural, and urban evolution of settlements in Prahova, particularly exploring migrations from Transylvania to the Prahova region beyond the Carpathian arc. The study seeks to understand the impact of these migrations on villages and towns, examining their influence on the local living environment. Utilizing a historical-anthropological methodology, the research aims to present contemporary traces of these migrants, referred to as "ungureni," and their contribution to the culture of the Prahova region, with specific attention to the settlements of Starchiojd. We will try to analyze available sources related to the history of the Starchiojd commune, with a specific focus on identifying historical "fragments". The primary objective is to investigate the presence of Transylvanian elements and examine their impact on the local space and society within the studied area.

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At stratos’ “cauldron”. Tsípouro distillation and qualitative moral economy in Evzonoi, Greece

Anthropological studies of moral economy are grounded in a quantitative conception of economics. In the theoretical slipstream of scholars such as James C. Scott or Edward P. Thompson, an authority extracting goods and services from a subordinate entity behaves morally if what remains for the latter is quantitatively sufficient for survival and social integration. The ultimate objective pursued in this paper is a contextual and alternative re-visiting of the moral economy. The context is provided by the activity at one of the two workshops for distillation commonly known as “cauldrons”– that of Strátos – in Évzonoi, Kilkis prefecture, Greece. He distils each autumn tsípouro, the renowned Greek brandy from grapes. The anthropological backdrop of behaviours at the cauldron was rooted in the trust that the two parties involved in the economic relationship fulfil their respective duties; for Strátos, among others duties, that of distilling a product of the highest quality, primarily related to safety for consumption. The alternative revisiting of the moral economy involves a redefinition of the safety-first principle, as was implied by J. C. Scott: a shift from safety concerning the quantity of goods and services one needs for survival and social integration to one related to their quality.

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