The sustainable and efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from natural resources offers a promising alternative to synthetic additives and formulations. These compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids and polysaccharides possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and many therapeutic effects rendering them highly demandable by various industries. Conventional extraction methods often exhibit drawbacks such as high energy consumption, excessive solvent usage, prolonged processing times, low extraction yields, and negative environmental impacts. To address these limitations, innovative extraction technologies have emerged, providing more sustainable and efficient solutions. Ultrasound is a promising technology used for extraction of these beneficial compounds with enhanced yield and quality. It can assist various other extraction technologies including microwave assisted extraction, ohmic heating, enzyme extraction, subcritical water extraction and supercritical fluid extraction to obtain high quality extracts. The cavitation and the resulted effects of ultrasound facilitated the cell wall rupture enhancing the mass transfer making the cell structure more accessible by the other extraction technologies for the efficient extraction. This synergistic approach of ultrasound and other mentioned extraction technologies results in increased extraction yields and improved product quality by reducing extraction time, minimizing solvent consumption, and utilizing moderate energy inputs.

The harmful impact of tobacco smoke on health is widely recognized, linking it to various diseases. However, the link between tobacco smoke and edentulism in China's population hasn't been fully investigated. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring smoking habits and the possible connection between tobacco smoke and edentulism in a nationally representative Chinese cohort. This study used data from the 2011 China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS) and included 17,705 participants aged 45years and older, and linked with follow-up data (2018). Smoking status (non-smoker, ex-smoker, smoker, pack-years of smoking, age at starting and ceasing smoking) was used as an independent variable, and edentulism was used as a dependent variable. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and curve fitting were used to evaluate the association between smoke status and edentulism. Subgroup analyses were then employed to examine the impact of subgroup factors on the link between smoking status and edentulism. A total of 13,720 people were included in the study, 2,029 of whom were edentulism patients. The association between smoking duration (OR = 1.038, 95%CI = 1.031, 1.045) /Age at quitting smoking (OR = 1.026, 95%CI = 1.013, 1.039)/Smoking pack years (OR = 1.005, 95%CI = 1.002, 1.007) and risk of edentulism was significant, while Age start smoking (OR = 1.003, 95%CI = 0.995, 1.012) and Cigarettes consumed per day (OR = 0.998, 95%CI = 0.991, 1.006) was not associated with risk of edentulism. Compared with non-smokers, current smoker had a higher risk of edentulism (OR 1.274, 95% CI = 1.108, 1.465). Additionally, our results also revealed that there was a nonlinear trend between Smoking duration/Cigarettes consumed per day/Age at quitting smoking/ Age at starting smoking/pack-years of smoking and edentulism (P > 0.05). The research found a significant link between smoking habits and edentulism in nationally representative Chinese population. This study in China found a complex link between tobacco use and tooth loss among middle-aged and elderly individuals, highlighting the need for personalized smoking cessation strategies to improve dental health in this population.

The international competition for the new regulation plan of Novi Sad was held in 1937, in which Juraj Neidhardt’s design was awarded compensation instead of a prize. However, upon further consideration, the city administration decided to adopt a new version of Neidhardt’s plan in the following years. In addition to this plan, he won the administration’s trust to design a series of lower-level plans for the city in 1938-1941. Therefore, Neidhardt became the most prominent figure in the urban planning process triggered by the 1937 competition. However, his final regulation plan for the city from 1941 was rejected in the first post-war revision in 1945, failing to lead to any fruition. Nevertheless, the researchers later characterized the radical modernist approach of this plan as the inspiration for the subsequent general plans of Novi Sad, namely due to introducing the idea of cutting new axes through the urban tissue. There is room today, however, to re-evaluate these claims about the radicalness of Neidhardt’s plan since its solutions were deemed insufficient in bringing radical quality to the urban space of Novi Sad. Furthermore, in the 1938-1941 period, he designed a series of perspective drawings for the new regulation of the streets in the oldest urban core of the city, which brought a decisively modernist approach to treating the urban heritage: keeping only a selection of the most iconic monuments while replacing the rest of it with new modernist structures. These designs can contribute to reinstate the knowledge about Neidhardt’s approach to treating historical heritage, considering his later intricate studies of Bosnian and Macedonian architectural landscapes.

ABSTRACT Achievement goal theory emphasizes the importance of achievement goals in learning behavior and performance, particularly in challenging tasks. However, little research has explored how achievement goals contribute to strategy use and integrated writing (IW) performance. The present study examined the relationship between achievement goals (task-, self-, and other-based), strategy use (planning, discourse synthesis, self-regulatory, and test-wiseness), and IW performance. This study involved 465 tenth-grade students from six schools in Hong Kong. Structural equation modeling results indicated that: (1) task-based goal positively influenced all four IW strategies, self-based goal contributed to self-regulatory strategy, and other-based goal had a positive effect on discourse synthesis and test-wiseness strategy; (2) planning and self-regulatory strategy positively influenced IW performance, whereas test-wiseness negatively predicted IW performance; and (3) the mediating effects of self-regulatory and test-wiseness strategy were confirmed. This study offers a nuanced understanding of the assessment of IW performance and the influence mechanisms between achievement goals, strategy use, and IW performance.

The main objective of this study was to compare laryngeal dystonia (LD) and vocal tremor's (VT) response to botulinum toxin injection. Retrospective study including every patient with LD or VT injected with botulinum toxin guided by electromyography, from January 1, 2010, to September 30, 2022, at a tertiary hospital centre. Improvement was assessed with the VHI-10, grade of dysphonia in a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0-10), GRBAS(I) scale (0-3) and maximum phonation time (MPT). A total of 77 patients were included, 44 patients with LD and 33 with VT. There were no differences between groups on pre-treatment VHI-10, grade of dysphonia in the VAS, MPT and G, R, B, A and I at diagnosis (p > 0.05). S was significantly higher in patients with LD (p < 0.001). After the first injection, both groups showed an increase in the grade of dysphonia on the VAS and a decrease in VHI-10, G, S and I (p < 0.05), with a higher variation in the VAS and S parameters in the LD group compared to VT (p < 0.05). In the 54 patients that performed two or more injections, G, S and I had a higher decrease in patients with LD when compared to patients with VT (p < 0.05). BTX injection was successful in improving the VHI-10, grade of dysphonia on the VAS and G, S and I in the GRBAS-I scale for both DT and VT. LD seems to have a better response to BTX in comparison to VT.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy affecting the female reproductive system. Pharmacological inhibitors targeting CDK4/6 have demonstrated promising efficacy across various cancer types. However, their clinical benefits in ovarian cancer patients fall short of expectations, with only a subset of patients experiencing these advantageous effects. This study aims to provide further clinical and biological evidence for antineoplastic effects of a CDK4/6 inhibitor (TQB4616) in ovarian cancer and explore underlying mechanisms involved. Patient-derived ovarian cancer organoid models were established to evaluate the effectiveness of TQB3616. Potential key genes related to TQB3616 sensitivity were identified through RNA-seq analysis, and TRIM4 was selected as a candidate gene for further investigation. Subsequently, co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays confirmed that TRIM4 binds to hnRNPDL and promotes its ubiquitination through RING and B-box domains. RIP assay demonstrated that hnRNPDL binded to CDKN2C isoform 2 and suppressed its expression by alternative splicing. Finally, in vivo studies confirmed that the addition of siTRIM4 significantly improved the effectiveness of TQB3616. Overall, our findings suggest that TRIM4 modulates ubiquitin-mediated degradation of hnRNPDL and weakens sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors in ovarian cancer treatment. TRIM4 may serve as a valuable biomarker for predicting sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors in ovarian cancer.