<p>Plant invasion in the Northern Steppe Dnieper has a long history complicated by excessive anthropogenic transformation of territory. Alien species status, origin areas, life history, and invasive tendency of alien species in Dnipropetrovsk region were investigated. The presence of 286 alien species of 61 families was registered. Some 7 families had the greatest species diversity (156 alien species that was 55% of total species number); 30 families were represented by 2–9 alien species, and 24 families contained only 1 alien species. So, the current proportion of the alien species was almost 17% in the regional flora. Archaeophytes consist of 40% of the total alien species, while neophytes had more than 60%. The proportion of naturalized species amounted 58% from alien species, whereas the share of casual species was 42%. The greatest abundance of alien species was typical for <em>Brassicaceae</em>, <em>Asterasea</em>, and <em>Poaceae </em>(14, 13, and 9% of the total species number). We proved invasive status of 28 species and positive trend regard alien species ratio for last years. </p>

<p align="center"> </p><p>The results of studies of the effect of different concentrations of sulfonamides in the aquarium water on the activity of enzymes and protein metabolism in the hepatopancreas of carp yearlings were presented. It was found that the sulfanilamide added to the aquarium water at a concentration of 1.10; 3.15 and 6.30 mg / dm3 and 3 had no effect on the total protein content in the fish hepatopancreas during three days of exposure at first, second and third experimental groups compared with the control. It is proved that when the concentration of water in the aquarium sulfanilamide at a dose of 1.10 and 3.15 mg / dm3 in the hepatopancreas urea content compared with the control is not changed, while a dose of 6,30 mg / dm3 it had increased by 4%. Probably, such an increase in urea levels in the hepatopancreas of fish third test group associated with the activation of regulatory mechanisms in the body of carp to maintain a positive nitrogen balance and reduce the toxic effects of ammonia. We also did not reveal significant difference between the indices of glucose concentration in the hepatopancreas of carp experimental groups compared with the control. We founded that the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in hepatopancreas of carp experimental groups did not differ from controls, suggesting there was no effect of low concentrations of sulfonamides in the water after brief operation of the xenobiotic on the functional state of the hepatopancreas. Conducted experiments did not revealed changes in lipase activity as α-amylase and fish hepatopancreas in first, second and third experimental groups compared with the control. Their activity remained within the normal characteristic of the species and indicates that sulfanilamide virtually had no effect on the intensity of the hydrolytic processes in the intestines of fish. The performed investigations proved that carp yearlings were capable of adapting to minor concentrations of sulfonamides in water, as evidenced by its lack of effect on the total protein content, the concentration of glucose, urea and the activity of several enzymes in the hepatopancreas of fish.</p>

<p>Information about species composition of Cyanoprocaryota representatives in the natural boundary of Tubalskyi Estuary within Pryazov National Natural Park is supplemented. Taxonomic structure of identified algae species is given, the data about occurrence of species in different habitats within national park is provided. We present a systematic structure and geographical affinity of discovered algae species. We registered 38 species of cyanoprocaryotic algae of orders: Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Nostocales with predominance of Oscillatoriales representatives in different habitats of Tubalskyi Estuary within the areas of Pryazov National Natural Park. The greatest number of algae species had genera <em>Lyngbya, Phormidium, Microcoleus Leptolyngbya</em> – 4 species per each genera. The majority of algae species were the cosmopolitans. <em>Microcoleus tenerrimus</em> was registered in all the studied plots of soil sampling and in the water reservoir of Tubalskyi Estuary. The most abundant and distributed species was <em>Lyngbya aestuarii</em>, which formed the macroscopic growths (cyanobacterial mats).</p>

<p> </p><p>The spleen is an important multifunctional organ, one of parts of the peripheral immune system and hematopoiesis. It is sensitive to biotic, abiotic, and environmental factors. Determination of morphological features and morphometric parameters are important for the development of organ test-systems. The major indicators are the relative weight of the spleen and its main structural components. These criteria could be used in the therapy, prevention, pathology, the study of influence of factors of different origins, for received from farm animals environmentally friendly and safe products. Our research was carried out by light microscopy with the production of permanent histological preparations. The formalin and Сarnoy liquid were used as fixatives. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and azure by methods of Van Gieson and Brachet. Spleen has the same structure and principle consists of a support-contractile apparatus and pulp in birds and mammals. Each animal species had its own characteristic of morphological features. The relative weight of spleen was the greatest in horses (0.48±0,01 %) and the lowest was in pigeons (0.02±0.01 %). Support-contractile apparatus was better developed in horses (13.64±1.13 %) and sheep (12.08±0.42 %), and the lesser in chickens (3.02±0.95 %) and rabbits (5.87±0.69 %). The proportion of trabecular system prevailed on the proportion of capsules in all studied animals, except rabbits. The birds had no radial trabeculae, in rabbits they are insignificant. The number of capsular trabecular are lesser than the pulps in horses, pigs, and sheep. Large pulps` trabeculae are united together, forming trabecular tree, while parenchyma is formed by the white and red pulp. The main structural components of the white pulp are the lymphoid nodules and lymphoid sheath near the vessels. The lymphoid nodules have zonal structure in mammals, whereas they are absent in birds. The relative area of lymphoid nodules in animals dominates under the area of lymphoid sheaths near the vessels; this difference was more than twice in horses (5.01±0.63 and 2.41±0.17 %), rabbits (11.95±2.67 and 5.73±1.40 %). In all the studied mammals the light center had the largest relative area in rabbits (2.08±0.49 %), and the lowest was registered in horses (0.98±0.11 %). The marginal zone occupies the largest relative area in sheep (6.52±0.98 %), the least – in horses (2.02±0.12 %). The mantle zone and zone near the vessels were better developed in rabbits (3.36±0.76 and 2.41±0.84 %); the red pulp was better developed in chickens (78.30±1.98 %), pigs (78.87±2.36 %) and horses (78.94±4.39 %), while sheep had the lesser developed red pulp (69.99±1.0 %).</p>

<p>The peculiarities of undertree microclimate of <em>Juniperus L. </em>shrubs are presented. The studied plants were registered within the municipal area of Lviv city and its green belt. Temperature and humidity conditions of the undertree space in summer and winter periods were studied in detail. The comparison of indices of microclimate under the shrubs and adjacent open area was done. The thermal influence of snow accumulation and negative effects of the process of glaciation on sprouts of shrubs with different crown heights and shapes was detemined. It was suggested that undertree microclimate plays an extremely important role in the formation of climatope and edaphotope of juniper ground shrubs especially for those which grow in urban xerophilous environment.</p>

<p>We studied the influence of a different level of a calcium and phosphorus in mixed fodders on morphological and biochemical indexes of a blood of Japanese quail. We selected 240 quails, which were divided into 6 equal groups - control and 5 experimental. Experimental quails were contained in six-fodders cell battery, each cell was 60x40x20 cm and contained of 20 birds (15 females and 5 males). At the beginning of the experiment the experimental quails had similar body weight indicators that were the same in the end of our research. When we fed quails with different levels of calcium and phosphorus wew registered that calcium, magnesium, total protein and alkaline phosphatase activity in their blood was within physiological norm. We identified no significant differences in these indicators. It should be noted that the highest content of phosphorus in the quail blood was observed in female birds of 6th experimental group, which exceeded by 23.1% the values in quails of control group with calcium content of 4.0% and phosphorus of 1.4% (P <0.05). The introduction of different level of a calcium and phosphorus were not significantly affect the blood erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin. The ratio of segmented rods, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood of experimental birds was within the physiological norm of fluctutations. In content, there was a slight deviation (within 1%) was not statistically significant in the blood of the bird experimental and control groups, eosinophils and monocytes. The lymphocyte content was below 8.3% in the blood of all experimental bird groups. It is revealed that a level of a calcium of 4.0 % and phosphorus of 0.8, 1,1, and 1,4 % in rations of quails, promotes rising of a calcium level in skeleton of female quails and does not influence significantly the morphological and biochemical blood indices.</p>

<p>Using the method of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), a comparative study of twelve representatives of subfamily <em>Cryptogrammoideae </em>S.Linds. family <em>Pteridaceae </em>E.D.M.Kirchn. was carried out. A comparative study of morphological characters of investigated spores has revealed characters that allow considering the relatedness of the studied species to one subfamily – Cryptogrammoideae. These characters include: spore form is roundish-triangular, lociniate in proximal-polar and distal-polar positions; spore contour is low-crenate to smooth; distal side of the spore in an equatorial position is convex; rays of laesura are straight, raised over a sporoderm surface; exosporium is clearly defined from fine-granulate to verrucate.</p>

<p>The paper contains new data on some of the recently described Lithosiini species from Indochina: male vesici of <em>Lyclene kontumica </em>Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2013, <em>Lyclene kepica </em>Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2013, <em>Adites thanhi </em>Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2016, <em>Aemene monastyrskyi </em>Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2013, <em>Aemene annamica </em>Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2016, and female genitalia of <em>Lyclene kontumica</em>, <em>Lyclene kosterini </em>Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2013 and <em>Lyclene zinchenkoi </em>Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2013 are described and illustrated for the first time; updated diagnoses for <em>Lyclene kosterini </em>and <em>Lyclene kepica </em>are given; <em>Adites thanhi </em>is reported for Thailand for the first time. In addition, <em>Asura punctata </em>Rothschild, 1913 is transferred to the genus <em>Lyclene</em>: <em>Lyclene punctata </em>(Rothschild, 1913), <strong>comb. nov.</strong>, its male genitalia are described and illustrated for the first time. Adults of all species mentioned are illustrated.</p>

<p><em> </em></p><p>Cytogenetic effects of bottom sediments from Chumysh river near Talmenka (Russia, Altai Territory) were studied. It was found that the aqueous extracts of bottom sediments induced a strong cytotoxic effect reducing 1.7 times the mitotic activity in the apical root meristem in <em>Allium cepa </em>test system. The level of pathological mitoses (14.01%) was significantly higher than the background value (0.86%) and indicated the presence of factors with a total mutagenic activity in the bottom sediments of the river. This level is classified as high one. The different types of unequal chromosome segregation were the main violations during cell divisions. Dominance in the spectrum of anomalies metaphase spindle pathologies gave reason to believe about the chemical contamination of bottom sediments from Chumysh river. Stress factors of the sediments activate adaptive mechanisms of cells in test system to preserve their viability and reliability of the transmission of genetic information to future cell generations. The adaptive mechanisms are micronucleus and polyploidy cell formations.<em></em></p>

<p>The complex of measures on safety, considerable importance is the monitoring system and integrated the fight to reduce the number of air flight hazard species of birds (rooks, crows, magpies, hawks, etc.). Experience has shown that even periodic shooting does not give the desired effect, ie. A. The bird population is very mobile and able to move quickly scattered and maneuvering that practically negates all efforts for their physical elimination. The use of poisoned baits is prohibited and is ineffective, t. To. Various species of birds have different food preferences. Our research is devoted to finding a solution to this problem. As the main operational measures for scaring birds we offer the use of bio-acoustic instrument with a sound recording, effectively acting on air flight hazard species of birds, including corvids and Black Kite, which are not optional in many similar devices. Application of bioacoustics devices does not require an additional set of fireworks scare, but also an integral character of the device significantly increases the efficiency of the impact on birds and allows for a few minutes to eliminate concentrations of birds in large areas.</p><p>The study analyzed information on aircraft collisions with birds, considered the scheme of air traffic, as well as the general plan for the landfill site, the Civil Aviation documents ornithological flight operations, carried out the operational test site survey. OAO Ekokompleks operates only in Barnaul licensed landfills for disposal of solid waste, located at the address: Barnaul, Cosmonavtov Prospekt, 74. The total area of the polygon - 328,679.7 square meters, the amount of dumping per year - 1800 thousand cubic meters Coordinates: 53 ° 23'24 "N, 83 ° 37'54" E.</p><p>Availability of the current municipal landfill waste at a distance of 6.3 km from the aerodrome reference point Barnaul, in violation of the requirements of Claim 59 of the Federal Rules of use of air space of the Russian Federation of 11.03.2010 number 138. The conditions of surrounding environment determine the composition and behavior of birds, attending a training ground and pose a potential hazard to aircraft operations. On landfill dumping is carried out various types of waste, including food, are used by some species of birds as food. According to a preliminary survey, the main species of birds that use the landfill as a forage habitat - black kite, corvids - gray, crow, rook, jackdaw and gulls - silver and black-headed gull. Based on many years of observations and data analysis of the circumstances and consequences of collisions of Russian aircraft with birds stand air flight hazard species of birds, creating the greatest threat to flight safety. To the list of air flight hazard species include the black vulture, hooded crow, rook, magpie, jackdaw.</p>