The goal of this study is to investigate the semantics and the syntax of the epistemic modal ʔilla in Jordanian Arabic (JA) and find-out if epistemic ʔilla and deontic ʔilla are comparable in their semantics and syntax. As for its semantics, it draws an inference based on previous knowledge and experience to expresses certainty. The proposal was that the epistemic and the deontic modal force that ʔilla has come as an extension of the exclusive focus property this modal particle has. With regard to its distribution, epistemic ʔilla appears in two patterns. A mono-clausal structure is assumed for ʔilla In Pattern 1. In Pattern 2, ʔilla comes before the copular verb kuun ‘be’ to be necessarily followed with any of the components of a declarative clause. In this pattern, the modal and the copular verb are assumed to be in a TP, and the complement of the copular verb is in a lower TP. The subject is able to raise to the higher TP. The epistemic modal may not occur in non-declarative clauses, as they cannot be judged true or false.

The study aimed to identify the effect of a proposed training program on some elements of physical fitness among students of the athletics training course at Yarmouk University. The researchers used the experimental approach, and the study sample consisted of twenty (N= 20) students at Yarmouk University during the first semester of the academic year 2019-2020, who were purposively chosen. The samples were divided into two equal groups: experimental and control groups, with (10) students in each group. To analyze the results, means, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, paired samples t Test for double samples, and independent samples t Test were used. The results showed statistically significant differences related to the effect of the training program in relation to all study variables between the pre- and post- measurements of the two groups, in favor of the post measurement. The results further showed statistically significant differences among the post measurements in relation to all the study variables between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. The researchers recommended that the training program should be generalized to the athletics coaches in the Jordanian universities.

The main objective of this research is to form an optimal investment portfolio consisting of a number of stocks selected according to specific criteria in Amman Stock Exchange and to test the ability of a various economic models to predict the performance of this portfolio in the foreseeable future. A time series for the return of the selected portfolio and for the return of a market index are formed. A set of tests were conducted to reach a stationary time series return and, then, to follow the Box-Jenkins methodology in order to build predictive models (ARMA) and to examine the residuals of models and to model them using ARCH and GARCH models to reach the best prediction of the performance of the portfolio and the market index in the forecasted periods. The data were tracked on a daily basis for the study sample and the market index simultaneously for a period of three years. Twenty-one companies were selected in the investment portfolio distributed among several sectors. The study concluded that the formed portfolio achieved a good diversification and gave a high return in relation to the lowest possible risk according to the Sharpe scale. Also, it is concluded that the model ARMA (1,1) is the most suitable for estimating market portfolio returns and forecasting risks for the market index return, and ARMA (2,1) and the model ARMA - GARCH are the most capable one of achieving good results that can be relied upon in tracking the performance of the studied investment portfolio.

This paper investigates the language poetry and its practice in some poems of the American poet Charles Bernstein. The study will examine several poems for Bernstein, like "April" and "March" from Stigma, "Locks without Doors" from Dark City, "Slowed Reason" from Rough Trades, "Lift off", and "The next Available Place". It argues that the Derridaian perspective plays a prominent role in the way Bernstein visualizes meaning in his poetry. According to Jacques Derrida (1993), the divergence of indicative communication by making intentional gaps between expression and indication creates the signification to difference, deviation, and departure. The gaps for Derrida are gaps of space which become gaps of time and those of time become gaps of space, adding that the gaps of difference are in themselves gaps as difference. The gap itself works for the auto production and the auto-determination of meaning which will keep on travelling.
 The study will analyse the language of Bernstein in the above mentioned poems to prove that meaning emerges through interpretation and that even authors do not control the text interpretation, and that texts, like language itself, have no outside referents or transcendental signified.

This research seeks to show the importance of risk management (RM, henceforth) and knowledge management (KM, henceforth) for project success (PS) and to investigate the mediating role of project management performance (PMP). Online questionnaire was distributed to 220 project managers among all 200 Jordanian first class construction companies. The data from 165 respondents were checked and coded for statistical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Analysis of Moment Structures software (AMOS, 20) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS,20). The results indicated that RM and KM have significant positive effects on PMP and PS. Moreover, PMP was found to have a significant positive effect on PS. The results showed that PMP was the strongest predictor of PS while the strongest predictor of PMP was RM. From the results of mediation analysis, it was found that PMP partially mediates the effects of RM and KM on PS. The study recommended that Jordanian construction companies should consider seriously RM and KM in their projects since they will protect the projects from such failures as completion delay, overrun, low quality or safety incidents. In addition, the construction companies have to pay more attention for project management training and the use of the best practices of project management which will improve the overall organization performance.

Literary translation is one of the most important ways to break down barriers between languages, as its mission is to convey the cultural aspects and beliefs of one people to another. For translating these works to look like the originals is not an easy task for humans, so imagine what would happen if they were given to machines! The researcher chose Naguib Mahfouz's novel Bayn Al-Qasrain ‘Palace Walk’ to study the differences between human and machine translation, so this study is based on comparing the results of human and machine translation of literary texts, in particular Naguib Mahfouz's novel Bayn Al-Qasrain ‘Palace Walk’, in addition to researching the strategies used by them. Finally, the researcher will shed light on the errors and problems faced by humans and machines in translating cultural expressions from Arabic into English.

From both positive and negative perspectives, photo manipulation has an impact on all areas of photography. Although the effect of photo manipulation is a personal matter, the effect of its application is reflected in the type of audience that consumes the image. Therefore, the research aims to study photographers' understanding of image manipulation and its ethics, in addition to identifying image manipulation techniques from the photographers' professional point of view. A total of 228 responses were obtained using the online questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that photographers consider photo manipulation as one of the elements responsible for losing the credibility of photography and the image. However, the respondents agreed that unethical photo manipulation is an issue of increasing importance in the photography community, and they identified the need for ethical conduct in all genres of photography in order to reduce wrong practices. The results also show that manipulation techniques that do not harm the content of image are acceptable to photographers.