This article examines the impact of the forgetting curve on the process of learning Romanian as a foreign language, focusing on the role of vocabulary in developing communication skills. Starting from the challenges learners face in retaining and using vocabulary, it presents effective teaching and learning strategies, such as spaced repetition, that is highlighted as an essential method for maximizing retention and consolidating long-term knowledge. The conclusions provide practical solutions for teachers and learners, aiming to reduce rapid forgetting and improve linguistic competence.

Our study approaches the issue of children’s games, using the answers to question 4337 in Atlasul lingvistic român [The Romanian Linguistic Atlas] questionnaire, from a geo- and ethnolinguistic perspective which offered unique results that supported us in recreating the game’s architext. Further, the distribution of terms in the Romanian territory, the etymological references, the lexical explanations and the grammatical notes helped us explain the speakers’ preference for a certain terminological variant and also to make a connection between linguistic and extralinguistic reality. In the end, we concluded that the games represent the echoes of ancient rituals, which, to be best understood, deserve to be studied from complementary perspectives.

The present study aims at identifying and interpreting the role that the horse plays in folk poetry. More specifically, we extracted the material of folklore from the answers provided by village intellectuals starting in 1922, when the first survey was issued by The Romanian Language Museum. We had in mind the answers to question number 138: „What do people believe about the horse? What role does it play in legends, carols, disenchantments?”. We also analysed the significance this animal has in poetic imagery.

In the grammar of the Romanian language, the participle has both verbal and adjectival values. Although it is considered that the participle in the structure of the passive voice agrees in gender, number and case with the noun, this is not analyzed as an adjective and, therefore, does not have an autonomous syntactic function. In this article, we aim to argue for the classification of the variable participle as an adjective, accepting its syntactic autonomy and analyzing its syntactic functions.

In this paper, we aim to establish the status of the lexeme câta ‘a few, a little’ used in semantic contexts indicating duration, quantity, proportion. From the point of view of its territorial distribution, this word is attested only in Banat type idioms: in southern Banat and in the Romanian dialects spoken in the territory located between Morava, Danube and Timoc rivers. The morphological behaviour of the lexeme câta (adjective, adverb) is similar to the indefinite adjective atât(a), invariable in the singular forms, but variable in the plural, masculine and feminine forms. The expansion of the form câta ‘puțin’ in southern Banat type idioms is due to the restricted use of other quantifiers, which occur with a much lower frequency. The morphological behaviour of the lexeme câta (adjective, adverb) is similar to the indefinite adjective atât(a), invariable in the singular forms, but variable in the plural, masculine and feminine forms. The expansion of the form câta ‘puțin’ in southern Banat type idioms is due to the restricted use of other quantifiers, which occur with a much lower frequency.

In this study, the author aims to analyze the ability of the word de to function as a pro-form. The first part of the research is, in fact, an overview of the values of the word de recorded in Romanian. The second part starts with the presentation of the defining features for the class of pro-forms, then continues with the analysis of the contexts in which de could function as a pro-form. Therefore, the author’s analysis aims at identifying the uses of the abstract word de as a pro-form.

In Romanian specialised literature, the imperative is described as having three traits that are relevant for this paper: (1) it is a personal mode, (2) the affirmative and negative forms do not coincide in the singular, and (3) the negative is formed with the infinitive. Considering the known grammatical homonymy between the infinitive citi1 [read1] as a unit, in Nu poate citi1. [He cannot read1.], and the infinitive citi2 [read2] as a subunit, in Aș citi2 o carte. [I’d like to read2 a book.,], both at the level of verbal lexemes as a whole and at that of the morphemic structure, scholars also accept the thesis that the infinitive citi1 [read1] as a unit in Nu poate citi1. [He cannot read1.] and the infinitive citi2 [read2] as a unit of the negative singular imperative Nu citi2! [Don’t read2!] are formally identical, the grammatical suffix-type flective -i being the carrier of different grammatical meanings in different contexts, as follows: infinitive in citi1 [read1] and imperative in citi2 [read2]. Thus, the morphemic structure of the negative singular imperative stops at the grammatical suffix -i, excluding the possibility of there being a flectional subunit of the type -Ø syncretic desinence, as an expression of the grammatical categories of person and number. However, neither the personal type of verbal forms, nor the use of those categories comes under question, thanks to certain features they have in common with the other imperative forms in which the desinence-type of flectional subunit is realised in the positive: the identical morphological value, as verbs, does not indicate conversion and the same structural syntactic position, as predicates, is occupied. Therefore, negative singular imperative verbal lexemes resort to non-flectional forms of person and number, derived from the subject by way of non-relational non-flectional agreement, and they must procure a different relateme, of adherence, to realise their syntactic function.

Our paper aims at presenting a controversial outlook on the syntactical/syntagmatic model stated by D. D. Drașoveanu, based on the so-called ‘relational meaning’, in a work of Mircea Minică, Semantica relației în limba română (2018), in which the author considers that the terms of a syntagm are relational in themselves (i.e. ‘categorical relationality’) and not as a result of an external relation (i.e. ‘relational meaning’). In the case of the adjectival locutions, the relationality is syntactically stated, not categorially. The former, if it is accepted, is subsidiary to the syntactical relationality, as the subordination means are objective facts of a language. In the case of the adjectival locutions, the relationality is syntactically stated, not categorially. The former, if it is accepted, is subsidiary to the syntactical relationality, as the subordination means are objective facts of a language.

This study examines the use of third-person present subjunctive forms by Romanian L2 speakers at the A2+/B1 level, based on oral production data. Correct usage was observed in only 35% of cases, with errors frequently involving substitutions with indicative or infinitive forms, pointing to rule overgeneralization, linguistic interference, or instructional transfer. Individual progress varied significantly, with learners following one of four patterns: upward trajectory, linear progression, U shaped development, or inverted U-shaped patterns. Qualitative findings revealed overextension of the morpheme să in early stages, self-correction strategies, and common contexts for subjunctive use. These findings offer a detailed understanding of how learners develop and refine their use of complex grammatical forms like the subjunctive, providing valuable perspectives on interlanguage development at the A2+/B1 levels.