Environmental stress and pollution pose significant threats to bird populations by impacting their health and survival and this study provides a comprehensive examination of the histological changes in avian tissues caused by such stressors and pollutants. Analyzing 151 scientific documents published between 1975 and 2024, the study utilized source analysis to identify publication trends, keyword analysis to highlight key topics, Lotka analysis to assess scientific productivity among researchers, and thematic analysis to categorize the research into main clusters. The findings indicate a growing scientific interest in this field since 2000 and show that the highest number of publications was reached in 2023, even though the dataset includes articles published up to 2024. The United States leads in the number of publications (30.5%), followed by Canada (17.2%), China (13.2%), and Spain (11.3%) and most articles have appeared in leading environmental science journals such as Science of the Total Environment, Environmental Pollution, and Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. The most prominent topics identified include “histological changes,” “heavy metal accumulation,” “oxidative stress,” and “plastic pollution.” Lotka analysis shows that scientific productivity is driven by a small number of highly productive researchers, while the majority of authors have published only one (n=551) or two (n=68) articles. Thematic analysis revealed four main research clusters: (i) heavy metal accumulation, (ii) plastic pollution, (iii) the effects of organic and inorganic minerals, and (iv) histological changes. Overall, this study underscores the importance of histological analysis in understanding the impact of environmental pollution on avian health and provides a bibliometric framework that can guide future research priorities and conservation strategies, particularly by highlighting emerging contaminants, underrepresented regions, and key themes for long-term histopathological monitoring.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of global climate change on the nutritional content of agricultural products by examining the sucking pest Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) , and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) plants at different feeding intensities and two different atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels (600 ppm and 670 ppm) on the ADEK vitamins and sterol components (µg/g) in leaf tissues. Experimental findings revealed that the levels of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and vitamin K2 showed significant differences depending on both the severity of the damage and the increase in CO₂. In pepper groups, the amount of these compounds was high at low CO₂ levels (600 ppm) but decreased at high CO₂ levels (670 ppm). In contrast, vitamin E levels in tomato and bean groups decreased with increasing CO₂. Sterol levels, specifically ergosterol and sitosterol, showed different responses depending on plant type with increasing CO₂, while beta-sitosterol decreased significantly, especially at high damage levels. The results indicate that both biotic (pest) and abiotic (CO₂) stress factors reorganise micronutrient and phytochemical compound levels in plants. These changes can be interpreted as adaptive physiological responses aimed at activating plant defence mechanisms and protecting cellular structure. The data obtained contribute to the development of strategies for preserving plant nutrient composition under climate change conditions.

As pesticides negatively affect non-target organisms, their excessive and indiscriminate use poses a threat to the environment and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, it was aimed to examine the lethal and sublethal effects of tau-fluvalinate, a pyrethroid pesticide, on the non-target organism Chironomus riparius. For this aim, acute toxicity of tau-fluvalinate was evaluated through a 96-h mortality test, and changes in the locomotor activity of C. riparius were examined after 72- and 144-h exposures to different sublethal concentrations. Mortality tests indicated that both concentration (F9, 240 = 133,80; P

Tooth decay is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases and mouthwashes play a crucial role in combating it. Given the adverse effects of chemical mouthwashes and the growing popularity of herbal alternatives, this study aims to investigate the impact of alfalfa root extract on Streptococcus mutans, the primary bacteria responsible for tooth decay. The study’s findings were compared with those of chlorhexidine, a standard chemical mouthwash. Alfalfa roots were processed and extracted using the maceration technique. The extract's effect on S. mutans proliferation was assessed through Disk Diffusion and Well Diffusion assays, with chlorhexidine as a standard for comparison. The study also determined the alfalfa extract’s Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Alfalfa extract showed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones at ≥62.5 mg/mL in disk diffusion and ≥31.25 mg/mL in well diffusion. Inhibition zones increased significantly from 24 to 48 hours at higher concentrations (p < 0.05). At ≥250 mg/mL, alfalfa produced larger zones than chlorhexidine (p < 0.05), with comparable effects at 125 mg/mL. The MIC was 31.2 mg/mL and MBC was 62.5 mg/mL indicating bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. Alfalfa root extract shows significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, comparable to chlorhexidine at higher concentrations. It is a promising foundation for creating an effective, low-cost mouthwash to combat dental caries with minimal side effects. Further clinical studies are needed to fully understand the extract's impact on tooth decay.

This study investigated the elemental composition of seven macro/micro algae species collected from Southeastern Anatolia, Türkiye using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The algae samples were prepared using a microwave digestion protocol and analyzed for major and trace elements. The dominant elements across all species were sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (p), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) with Na concentrations ranging from 432885.22±39056.18 to 1232879.58±21924.43 µg/kg. Trace elements such as Mg, Al, Li, Be, Cd, and Sb were present at much lower levels or below detection limits. Notably, Ni concentrations in Aphanizomenon floş-aquae (258.57±11.12 µg/kg) and Cladophora glomerata (273.44±14.58 µg/kg) and Na in Dunaliella salina (462320.32±2032.57 µg/kg) exceeded the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) acceptable limits (Ni: 571±28 µg/kg; Na: 680000±23000 µg/kg). The concentrations of Ca, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were within IAEA-defined safety thresholds. These results suggest that most of the studied algal species are rich in essential nutrients and exhibit low levels of toxic metals supporting their potential as functional biological resources in food or pharmaceutical applications.

In this study, the dye removal ability of Gluconacetobacter xylinus NRRL B759 during bacterial cellulose production and dye decolorization efficiency of the newly isolated white rot fungus Trametes trogii were investigated. The most efficient results for Reactive Blue 171 dye were obtained on the 6th day under both static and agitated conditions at 30°C. The best results for Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye were determined at 30°C on the 10th and 8th days for static and agitated conditions, respectively. Most importantly, it was observed that biosorption was the main mechanism for dye removal activity of this bacterium. The decolorization ability of fungus was investigated under batch and repeated-batch processes. The most effective decolorization values were 48% on the 8th day for RB171 dye and 83% on the 6th day for RBBR dye under batch process. Decolorization activity of the pellets was tested under repeated-batch experiments in both distilled water and Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) media. In distilled water media, lower decolorization values were obtained for both dyes compared to SDB media. In SDB medium for RB171, the decolorization values are 70% in the 1st cycle and 19% in the 5th cycle. The RBBR dye decolorization values was 57% in the 1st cycle, while this value was reached 74% in the 5th cycle. The decolorization mechanism of the pellets was mainly a result of microbial metabolism.

This study reports the first record of the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Algeria. A single adult was collected in a garden in Birkhadem (36°43′30″N, 03°02′41″E; 140 m a.s.l.) in September 16, 2025. Identification was based on the morphological characteristics including a uniformly black mesosoma, an orange fourth abdominal tergite, and dark legs with yellow distal parts. The detection of V. velutina in northern Algeria extends the known distribution of this invasive species in North Africa. Considering its predatory behavior toward honeybees and its potential impact on ollinators, this finding highlights the need for early bio-surveillance, risk assessment, and the development of environmentally safe biocontrol strategies to prevent its establishment and spread

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in research data supporting the use of fungal species from diverse genera such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Beauveria, Cordyceps, Metarhizium, and Purpureocillium in biological control applications. The current study was conducted to identify Aspergillus chevalieri using morphological characteristics and molecular data, then to determine the potential efficiency of conidial suspension and ethanol extract against Ephestia kuehniella and to investigate its mycotoxin production potential and cytotoxicity. The identification was carried out using phenotypic characteristics and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin gene (benA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) loci. In developmental biology studies, it was determined that topically applied conidial suspensions and ethanol extracts at varying concentrations affected different life stages of the insect. In the conidial suspension treatments, the larval period (at 10⁸ conidia/mL) and pupal period (at 10⁶, 10⁷, and 10⁸ conidia/mL) were notably shortened compared to the control group. In ethanol extract applications, the adult emergence time was reduced at the lowest concentrations (0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL). Furthermore, both conidial suspensions and ethanol extracts caused a significant decrease in the total number of eggs, depending on the concentration applied. In the cytotoxicity test, the ethanol extract of the fungus was found to be cytotoxic in the L929 mouse cell line (NCTC clone 929) at concentrations above 0.78 mg/mL. This study showed that the fungus does not produce aflatoxin and ochratoxin and provided the first information on its potential efficiency against E. kuehniella larvae. Based on the present findings, A. chevalieri can be considered a promising candidate for inclusion in biological control programs. To fully assess its potential, future studies should explore its efficacy against a broader range of pest species and conduct field trials under diverse environmental conditions to validate the laboratory results.

This study was carried out to determine the fumigant, contact, and repellent effects of the essential oil obtained from Lamium purpureum L. plant growing in Balıkesir province on the poultry pest Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Essential oil extraction from the aerial parts of the L. purpureum plant was carried out with the Clevenger device. Services were purchased for the GC-MS analysis determination of the components of the oil obtained. Three different doses of the obtained essential oil (1000, 800, and 600 mg/L) were applied to A. diaperinus larvae in 3 different ways: fumigant, contact, and repellent-attractant. Acetone was used for the control group. The main components of the oil were determined as 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl (19.35%), phytol (13.10%), and germacrene-D (5.79%). It was observed that the oil prepared at concentrations of 600, 800, and 1000 mg/L had no lethal effect on A. diaperinus larvae-* but it affected some biological properties. It was observed that 600 and 1000 mg/L applications in fumigant application and 1000 mg/L applications in contact application shorten the pre-adult periods and increase adult life span. In addition, the repellent effect of the oil was less in the experimental groups compared to the control. It shows that L. purpureum essential oil is not a direct alternative to synthetic insecticides; however, it shows that it can contribute to environment-friendly biological control strategies.

Bu çalışmada, Rheum ribes L. (ışkın) bitkisinin antioksidan kapasitesi, toplam fenolik madde, flavonoid ve protein içerikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bitki materyali, Türkiye'nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan Tunceli ili Ovacık ilçesinden toplanmış ve metanol ekstresi hazırlanarak analizlerde kullanılmıştır. Antioksidan etkinlik DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) ve ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sülfonik asit) serbest radikal süpürme yöntemleriyle belirlenmiş; toplam fenolik içerik Folin–Ciocalteu yöntemiyle, flavonoid içeriği kolorimetrik yöntemle, toplam protein düzeyi ise Bradford yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. DPPH ve ABTS yöntemleri sonucunda, ışkın bitkisi ekstresinin serbest radikalleri %93 ile %99 gibi yüksek oranlarda inhibe ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Toplam fenolik içerik, sırasıyla 252.10; 267.28 ve 267.97 mg GAE/g; toplam flavonoid içerik ise 7.89; 8.14 ve 8.23 µg kateşin eşdeğeri/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Örneklerin toplam protein düzeyi ise ortalama 68.58 mg/g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Rheum ribes bitkisinin güçlü antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olduğunu ve fenolik içerik flavonoid bileşenler bakımından zengin olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca yüksek protein içeriği ile bu bitkinin sadece antioksidan değil, aynı zamanda yapısal ve metabolik açıdan da destekleyici potansiyele sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu yönleriyle ışkın bitkisi, fonksiyonel gıda ve farmasötik ürün geliştirme çalışmalarında dikkate değer bir aday olarak değerlendirilmektedir.