AbstractThe North of Minas Gerais, a large inland state in southeastern Brazil, is going through the worst drought of the last 80 years, only compared with the drought that occurred in the 1930s, when there was general devastation in the agricultural and livestock sector. Nevertheless, the cotton crop continues to stand out in the region as one of the few agricultural alternatives capable of generating income and employment due to its characteristic resistance to the effects of drought, which is not the case with other traditional crops. To this end, the Cooperativa dos Produtores Rurais de Catuti Ltda ‐ COOPERCAT (Cooperative of Rural Producers of Catuti) installed eight “Demonstration Units” (DUs) of cotton under supplemental irrigation through rainwater capture in the municipalities of Catuti, Mato Verde, Monte Azul, and Pai Pedro. This study aims to demonstrate that the adaptation of cotton production systems through the “Supplemental Irrigation” method in critical periods provides and guarantees family farmers sustainable cotton production and, on the other hand, to evaluate a production model suitable to the climatic reality of Northern Minas. Since the implementation of this technology, cotton fiber production has increased by 72% from 2015 to date in a 19% smaller area, and total cotton production increased by 58%. As of 2022, cotton producers continue to use this supplemental irrigation methodology, demonstrating that the technology is viable, impacts cotton production, and is effective as a resilience measure to climate change and drought. In addition, this technology proves to be in line with Brazilian public policies, adds value to cotton production, addresses food security, and acts as a model for irrigation initiatives in Minas Gerais and other areas of Brazil.

As atuais variações no mercado bovino de leite e de corte bem e a ampliação de mercado agropecuário brasileiro sianlizam que é essencial comparar as atividades em relação à produção do leite e a cria de bezerros em propriedades de agricultura familiar. Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um comparativo de resultados entre dois modelos produtivos da pecuária, de um lado a produção de leite e de outra a produção de bezerros denominada cria, evidenciando qual seguimento trará maiores rendimentos, dentro das mesmas condições de manejo. Para tanto foi efetuada uma análise de viabilidade econômica por meio de um estudo de caso em uma propriedade que atua na pecuária de cria. Diante disso, a pecuária de leite apesar da necessidade de um investimento maior, resulta em uma lucratividade superior na produção leiteira, em relação ao sequestro de bezerros, outro resultado percebido é uma falta de percepção dos custos totais da produção atual por parte do pequeno pecuarista.

To obtain good control of wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) in post-emergence in sugarcane crop, we evaluate the herbicides association on post-emergence of E. heterophylla and the ratoon cane selectivity. The experimental scheme was in randomized blocks with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: control; ametryn + mesotrione + sulfentrazone (1,500 + 144 + 800 g i.a ha−1); ametryn + mesotrione + diclosulan (1,500 + 144 + 200 g i.a ha−1); ametryn + mesotrione (2,500 + 144 g i.a ha−1: Highest dose); ametryn + mesotrione (2,000 + 144 g i.a ha−1: Lowest dose) and ametryn + mesotrione + diuron (1,000 + 144 + 1,250 g i.a ha−1). The percentage of control, dry mass, height and percentage of germination of E. heterophylla and injury level, yield and technological quality of sugarcane were evaluated. The best control of E. heterophylla was: ametryn + mesotrione +sulfentrazone; ametryn + mesotrione + diclosulan and ametryn + mesotrione (Lowest dose). As for the ratoon cane selectivity the best yield was achieved with the association ametryn + mesotrione +diclosulan. An appropriate association of herbicide molecules provides successful control of E. heterophylla, especially the association of sulfentrazone or diclosulan together with ametryn and mesotrione.

El estudio evaluo el efecto de tres selladores de pezon en la prevencion de nuevos casos de mastitis en ganado lechero (Bos taurus), asi como el costo asociado al uso de estos productos, por un periodo de diez semanas, en la Finca La Orquidea, ubicada en Monterrey de San Carlos, Alajuela, Costa Rica. El ensayo se realizo en una instalacion lechera especializada mediante un diseno factorial que involucro tres selladores de pezon, dos categorias de fases de lactancia y dos categorias de numero de partos, con seis repeticiones por cada combinacion. No se detecto diferencias significativas (p = 0,0616) entre el uso de los selladores de barrera y la presentacion de casos nuevos de mastitis. El sellador a base de acido lactico con acido mandelico y clorito de sodio (S1) presento 22 nuevos casos de mastitis, siendo el de mayor incidencia; mientras que el sellador a base de acido lactico con acido dodecilbencensulfonico lineal y acido cloroso (S3) fue el que registro menos casos nuevos (10). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el conteo de celulas somaticas/mL y la fase de lactancia (p = 0,3684). Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre el conteo de celulas somaticas (CCS) respecto al numero de partos (p = 0,0027) y entre tipos de selladores por el gasto del producto (p <0,0001). El estudio concluyo que los tres selladores evaluados presentaron una eficiencia similar para la proteccion de las vacas en relacion a la presentacion de casos nuevos de mastitis, mientras que el yodo (S2) fue el producto con menor costo por unidad tratada.

ABSTRACT The northeastern semiarid region faces some of the droughts of the last centuries, resulting in serious reductions of agriculture yields. The water scarcity for agricultural requires rational use practices and reuse of water, such as use of domestic effluent sewage. Alternatively, the use of treated domestic sewage effluent utilizing for irrigation of forage species, such as the forage cactus, can be highlighted. In order to evaluate the effects of fertirrigation with treated sewage effluent on mineral nutrient composition of forage cactus (Opuntia Tuna L. Mill, Mexican elephant ear), an experiment was carried out utilizing a split plot 3 x (4 + 1) with a randomized complete block design randomized block and four replications, being three planting density (66,667.00, 52,282.00 and 33,333.00 plants ha-1) and two water sources associated with irrigation frequency of plates fixed on 3.5 mm per irrigation (Frequencies of 2.3 days with water tap and 7, 14 and 21 days with Sewage Effluent) and cactus cultivated in Rainfed agriculturerainfed (control). The analyze of the nutritional contents of cladodes indicated that there was a significant effect of the intervals from irrigation events only for Ca and Mg concentrations. The highest levels of Ca and Mg were found with the irrigation frequency of 2.3 using tap water. The macronutrients concentration in greater quantity by the forage cactus were N e, K followed by, Ca, Mg and P. The nutritional balance indicated excess of K and P and deficiency of N, Ca and Mg, in this order.

The control of citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa relies mainly on fungicide sprays. Generally, high and non-standardized spray volumes are adopted and the sprays are based on litre per tree or per hectare. However, the tree canopy volume may vary with age, density and variety, and this is expected to impact on the spray volume and fungicide rates needed for disease control. This study evaluated the efficacy of different fungicide spray volumes and rates for CBS control based on the tree-row-volume (TRV) concept. Two field trials were carried out during three seasons in São Paulo state, Brazil. Trials were set up in commercial orchards of late-maturing ‘Valencia’ sweet orange grown for juice production. In field trial 1, the volumes tested were 125 (standard), 100 (internal runoff point), 75 (intermediate) and 50 (half the internal runoff point) mL of spray mixture/m3 of the tree canopy. In field trial 2, 100 and 50 mL/m3 were evaluated. The fungicide rates ranged from 40 to 110 mg of metallic copper/m3 and from 1.9 to 4.7 mg of pyraclostrobin/m3. Untreated control trees (UTC) were kept unsprayed. CBS incidence and severity, premature fruit drop, yield, fungicide deposition and spray coverage were evaluated. All spray volumes tested reduced CBS incidence and severity on fruit at 75–95% and resulted in 1.6–3.0-fold higher yields than the UTC. However, a slight trend of more CBS symptoms and fruit drop, and lower yield was observed for trees treated with 50 mL/m3 compared to those treated with higher volumes. Spray volume change, from 125 to 75 mL/m3, irrespective of fungicide rate correction, led to a 40% reduction of CBS spray costs and water usage and increased the financial return of the control by up to 35%. TRV-based sprays may contribute to sustainable citrus production by reducing costs and environment impacts while maintaining efficient CBS control.

Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação espontânea por Perreyia flavipes em suínos. O surto ocorreu no final de maio de 2009, na cidade de Urubici, planalto serrano do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. A propriedade tinha aproximadamente 50 animais criados extensivamente e desses 10 animais adoeceram. Esses suínos apresentavam anorexia, apatia, movimento constante de cabeça e bater de orelhas, dificuldade de caminhar, cambaleio, ranger de dentes e a agitação aumentava mediante ruídos e movimentos próximos. Na necropsia as alterações observadas foram a marcada evidenciação do padrão lobular hepático e a presença de larvas de P. flavipes misturadas ao conteúdo estomacal. Microscopicamente observou-se necrose de coagulação dos hepatócitos, com distribuição centrolobular a massiva que era acompanhada de congestão e hemorragia acentuada, restando uma ou duas camadas de hepatócitos com degeneração vacuolar na região portal. Os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e as lesões caracterizaram hepatite tóxica por larvas de P. flavipes em suínos.

The present work was carried in protecting environment located in the Ranch Saint Luzia, situated in Monte Azul Paulista city. Rangpur lime rootstock was evaluated in different combinations of vermiculite and earthworm compost. The experiment was installed using a randomized block design, with five repetitions and seven treatments: 100% vermiculite; 100% earthworm compost; 50% vermiculite and 50% earthworm compost; 60% vermiculite and 40% earthworm compost; 70% vermiculite and 30% earthworm compost; 80% vermiculite and 20% earthworm compost; 90% vermiculite and 10% earthworm compost. Was evaluated the green matter, dry matter and Seedlings height to the 60 days after seeding. There was not difference between the tested combinations and the effect of the vermiculite was identical to the earthworm compost.