The aim of this report was to describe the diagnosis of uveal cysts in an elderly Shih‐Tzu bitch presenting with ocular hypertension that was difficult to control clinically. Uveal cysts can be observed in animals of diferente species, and their occurrence often goes unnoticed, as they usually do not affect vision. However, in specific cases, they may impair vision by causing ocular opacities and pigmentations, obstructing the visual axis, or interfering with aqueous humor dynamics, leading to glaucoma. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic management are essential to prevent visual complications.

Pyometra is one of the most common pathologies affecting the reproductive system of females, including canines. This condition is characterized by mucopurulent secretion in the uterine lumen and can be classified into open- and closed-cervix pyometra. This pathology is often seen in middle-aged to elderly female dogs because of increased exposure to progesterone and in animals subjected to the use of exogenous progestogens. The most common clinical signs are mucopurulent or bloody discharge from the vulva, swollen vulva, fever, vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and prostration. Pyometra may result in uterine enlargement, torsion, rupture, and septicemia. This report describes the case of a young female dog with open pyometra, which was 1 year and 22 days old and had not been exposed to exogenous progestogens. This fact highlights the need to understand the pathology as timely diagnosis aids in rapid and effective treatment.

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone tumor in dogs. It is highly aggressive, and most patients die due to metastasis, especially to the lungs. This report showed the palliative care of an unresectable appendicular OSA in a 10-year-old neutered male Labrador Retriever dog. Amputation of the affected limb was not indicated due to obesity and bilateral hip dysplasia. For this reason, palliative care with carboplatin and zoledronic acid was proposed. The treatment was well tolerated and the owner reported improvement in the lameness and pain, resulting in a good quality of life. A survival time of 30 months (910 days) was observed. Treatment with zoledronic acid and carboplatin may be considered in cases of unresectable appendicular OSA because this treatment was safe and well tolerated.

Plants containing monofluoroacetic acid constitute an important group responsible for poisoning in ruminants. In this sense, Palicourea aeneofusca stands out for being the main representative of these plants in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, causing considerable economic losses. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of two outbreaks of spontaneous poisoning caused by P. aeneofusca in cattle in this region. Technical visits were carried out on two properties (A and B) with reports of sudden death in cattle, between August and September 2023, in two municipalities in the Southern Agreste region of Pernambuco. Epidemiological data were collected, in addition to inspection of pastures and identification of plants with toxic potential. Two cattle that died, one from each of the respective properties, were subjected to necropsy examination with collection of material for histopathological evaluation. P. aeneofusca was identified as the cause of cattle poisoning on the properties, both of which maintain preserved forest areas within their territory. In total, four cattle from property A (herd of 60 animals) and one animal from property B (herd of seven animals) died. The histopathological evaluation revealed hydropic-vacuolar degeneration in the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells and multifocal lymphocytic myocarditis with small hemorrhagic foci. Epidemiological data, histopathological lesions, and botanical identification of the plant were used as elements to confirm the diagnosis of poisoning by P. aeneofusca, confirming the negative impact of poisoning by this plant on cattle herds in the region.

Exotic species are increasingly becoming a focus in veterinary medicine, necessitating proper handling by skilled professionals. Although the importance of staying updated on current practices is widely acknowledged, bibliographic references on such topics are often scarce. The African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), which has a life expectancy of 4–6 yr in captivity and an average weight of approximately 700 g, presents unique challenges to anesthetists due to its small size and high metabolic rate. This case report describes the successful management of cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) in a 6-year-old male African pygmy hedgehog weighing 430 g. The animal underwent a lumpectomy procedure. Physiological parameters remained stable during the first 10 min of the surgery; however, bradycardia, bradypnea, and hypothermia were subsequently observed. Isoflurane flow was reduced, but this was followed by the loss of electrocardiogram signals, pulse oximetry readings, and ocular reflexes, indicating cardiorespiratory arrest. The CPCR protocol was promptly initiated. Successful stabilization of physiological parameters in this case was achieved through careful management of the CPCR protocol, supported by knowledge of the species’ anatomy and physiology, effective anesthesia monitoring, and the rapid diagnosis of the arrest. This case highlights the importance of species-specific expertise in the successful management of critical incidents in exotic animals.

Equine anhidrosis is the inability of the animal to sweat appropriately upon stimuli, which may lead to serious heat stress problems and consequent reproductive problems such as testicular degeneration. Anhidrosis has a high prevalence in animals kept in hot and humid environments and its pathogenesis may be related to a progressive failure in the secretory process, glandular degeneration or reduction in the responses of the glands in contact with adrenaline. The disorder can be considered partial or complete, and the main clinical signs are those related to heat stress such as hyperthermia, tachypnoea, apathy, lethargy, anorexia and dermatological problems. The diagnosis is made using semi-quantitative intradermal adrenaline or β2 agonist tests. The management of this condition should mainly involve removing the animal from the stress-inducing environment.

Sloths are placental mammals known for their slow movements and peculiar morphophysiological characteristics that need to be elucidated. In this context, the present study aimed to describe the morphological aspects of the liver and the distribution of the hepatic vein of Bradypus variegatus. Eleven animals were used for angiotechniques and dissections to describe the lobes, morphometry, and topography of the liver, as well as the vascular arrangement of the hepatic portal vein. Of the eleven, four specimens were dissected and used for specific morphometric analyses. Meanwhile, six animals were used for an angiotechnique with stained latex and one was used for an angiotechnique with stained vinylite and corrosion in 33% hydrochloric acid (HCL). The results indicated that the liver of B. variegatus is located in the cranial portion of the abdominal cavity, situated entirely in the right antimere, positioned cranially between the 7th and 9th ribs, and caudally between the 12th and 14th ribs. The organ has measurements directly related to the size of the individual, with the length representing approximately 18.8% of the animal's length. The liver has the following lobar divisions: left, quadrate, right, and caudate lobes, with caudate and papillary processes. Falciform, triangular, round, venous, hepatoduodenal, and hepatogastric ligaments were also evidenced. When dissecting the liver parenchyma, it was found that the hepatic portal vein emits two main branches, one right and one left, and these are distributed between the lobes, so that the left branch has a larger area of ​​privacy than the right.

The black howler (Alouatta caraya) is an excellent study model for its similarity to anthropoid primates, including humans. Therefore, studies on the chemical restraint of these animals is essential. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the quality of sedation and anesthetic recovery in the chemical restraint of A. caraya under human care. Six adult animals were used, being three males (7.5±1.24 kg) and three females (4.53±0.40 kg). All were healthy A. caraya residing at the Brazilian Primate Center (CENP), where the combination of ketamine hydrochloride (7.5 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg), and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (0.015 mg/kg) was tested, followed by reversal with atipamezole (0.03 mg/kg). The heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), internal temperature (IT), SpO2, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) parameters were evaluated at three different times, and glycemia at two different times, during a 30 minute period, in addition to recovery status. Statistical variation was observed in HR, IT, and glycemia, which reduced over the observed time, but without losses that required intervention during the procedure. The recovery was smooth and the animals returned to their original enclosures without incident. The use of this protocol is recommended for chemical restraint of captive A. caraya.

This paper describes a case of Cryptococcus sp. infection in a domestic feline with cutaneous and respiratory alterations. The 4-year-old male animal, of no defined breed, presented with an increase in volume in the nasal region, with multifocal ulcers and a reddish surface. After careful clinical assessment, samples were taken for a screening cytopathological examination, which revealed yeast-like structures compatible with Cryptococcus sp., which was confirmed with a biopsy followed by a histopathological examination which showed the presence of yeasts of the fungus and a fungal culture obtained by swabbing the lesion and exudates which confirmed the presence of yeasts. Different diagnostic techniques were decisive in instituting treatment, based on using oral antifungals for 90 days.