The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate mucoadhesive in situ nasal gels as a novel delivery system for Bepotastine Besilate. Aiming to provide sustained drug release directly at the site of action, thereby reducing the need for frequent dosing due to the drug's rapid absorption and short half-life. A series of eight formulations were developed using varying ratios of Poloxamer 407 and Poloxamer 188. The formulations exhibited a visually clear sol phase, indicating uniform dispersion of ingredients, with gelling temperatures ranging from 33.3±0.41 to 36.7±0.73°C. The gelling time, an important parameter for user convenience and efficacy, ranged from 15.7±01.52 to 43.3±20.80 s, meeting practical application requirements. Furthermore, all formulations consistently achieved a drug content of over 95%, ensuring dosage uniformity and efficacy. The pH values of the formulations were within the acceptable range of 6.13±0.10 to 6.91±0.02, minimizing the risk of mucosal irritation upon application. Importantly, the mucoadhesive strength ranged from 1056±0.32 to 6456± 045 dyne/cm², indicating robust adhesion to nasal mucosa, which is critical for prolonged drug retention and sustained release. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained release profiles exceeding 4 hours for all formulations, following Higuchi kinetics, suggesting controlled drug release from the gel matrix. Accelerated stability studies corroborated the formulations' stability over the test period, indicating their potential for long-term storage and commercial viability. Additionally, FTIR analysis revealed no evidence of drug-polymer interactions, confirming the compatibility of Bepotastine Besilate with the selected polymer matrix. These comprehensive findings support the potential of in situ nasal gels as an effective and promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of Bepotastine Besilate, thereby improving patient outcomes.

Objective(s): To evaluate the effect of tooth brushing and mouth rinsing after bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide (16% CP) on the surface roughness and solubility of newer self-blending resin composite. Materials and Methods: About 70 specimens were fabricated with Estelite sigma-quick composite resin and subjected to bleaching using custom-tray with 16%CP gel for 6hours except 10 samples to serve as control group and divided into seven groups (n=10) as follows: group 1: no bleaching (control), group 2: 16% CP, group 3: brushing, group 4: brushing+Listerine mouth rinse, group 5: brushing +Colgate Plaxmouth rinse, group 6: Listerine, group 7: Colgate Plax. Electric tooth brushing was done using toothpaste slurry for 3min, immersed in mouth-rinse of respective groups for 1min and placed in artificial saliva for 24hrs. This was done for a total period of 21 days followed by surface roughness and solubility testing. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tuckey tests (p<0.05). Results: Group 4 (Brushing + Listerine) showed greater surface roughness and solubility followed by group 6 (Listerine). No significant difference was found between group1 with group3 and group 5. Conclusion (s): Along with brushing, Listerine mouth rinse has a determining effect on surface roughness and solubility of newer self-blending composite resin following bleaching with 16% Carbamide peroxide.

Cubosomes, also known as bicontinuous cubic phase liquid crystals, are nanoparticles with a specific ratio of amphiphilic lipids as their major constituents. Cubosomes are typically created by hydrating a surfactant or polar lipid that produces a cubic phase and then dispersing it into smaller particles. They operate with solids similar to rheology peculiarities of practical use. They have carvenous (honeycomb) structures that are tightly packed and twisted into three-dimensional bilayers, and they are thermodynamically stable. They can load more drugs because of this type of sophisticated structure. Cubosomes are capable of encapsulating hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic materials. Cubosomes can make drugs that aren't very soluble more soluble. Biocompatible and bioadhesive cubosomes dispersions are available. Due to their characteristics, cubosomes are adaptable systems that can be managed by several ways, including parenterally, percutaneously, and orally. Few researchers have looked into the possibility of cubosomes as delivery methods despite the fact that cubosomes structure has been studied using electron microscopy, light scattering, x-ray, and NMR.

This research examines the properties of wood tars in Morocco, including yield, pH, and density. The investigation involved pyrolysis processes using 1200 grams of wood. Cedar wood yielded 65% tar, while juniper yielded 38%. pH analyses revealed acidity levels in the tar. Commercial liquid wood tar had pH values ranging from 2.507±0.259 to 4.403±0.256, and commercial thick wood tar ranged from 2.963±0.441 to 4.393±0.121. Cedrus atlantica exhibited average pH values of 1.280±0.020 for artisanal wood tar samples and 2.297±0.025 for laboratory samples. Juniperus oxycedrus displayed pH values of 3.500±0.072 for artisanal samples and 1.913±0.042 for laboratory samples. Density variations were observed in liquid wood tar samples, which ranged from 0.775±0.019 to 1.069±0.084, and in thick wood tar samples, which ranged from 0.837±0.167 to 1.195±0. Artisanal cedar tar had a density of 0.906±0.023, while laboratory cedar tar had a density of 0.966±0.002. For Juniperus oxycedrus, artisanal wood tar exhibited a density of 1.179±0.017, and laboratory wood tar had a density of 1.081±0.004. Despite the insights gained from this study, it emphasizes the necessity for further investigation into the properties of wood tar to enhance our understanding of this natural product, which has been integral to human practices for centuries.

Psoriasis is one of the chronic inflammatory conditions with multifactorial aetiology. Even though there are different treatments available, there is no cure for psoriasis. A Siddha polyherbal formulation, Sivanar vembu kuzhi thailam (SVKT), is used to treat various skin diseases. In this study, methanolic extract of SVKT was analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) which showed the presence of 86 compounds. They were further subjected to molecular docking to find the effect of SVKT on inflammatory proteins, IL-17A and TNF-α, involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Four shortlisted compounds from SVKT exhibited their inhibitory potential on IL-17A with binding energy varying between -8.2 to -6.6 kcal/mol and three compounds on TNF-α with binding energy varying between -7.8 to -5.6 kcal/mol. Pharmacokinetic properties (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity-ADMET) were also evaluated in silico which showed favourable features. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-octylsulfanyloxane-3,4,5-triol and α-Lactose among the shortlisted constituents, inhibited both proteins through exhibiting multiple interactions. Hence this study provides valuable insights into the inhibitory effect of phytochemicals present in SVKT on IL-17A and TNF-α which may pave way to the discovery of new drugs to treat psoriasis.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPase’s) are the enzymes that dephosphorylate survival kinase PI3K/Akt pathway this may be a key mechanism in alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the role of PTPase in alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy. Ethanol (20%) at the dose of 7.9 g/kg P.o was given regularly for 60 days that produced Alcohol-induced Cardiomyopathy (ACM). CM (cardiomyopathy) was assessed in terms of decrease in LVDP, dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, LV protein content, CFR and increase in LVEDP, LVW/BW, MABP, LV collagen, LV cholesterol content, TNF-α, nitrite levels and iNOS expression in alcoholic cardiomyopathic rats. Sodium Orthovanadate (SOV) (PTPase inhibitor) at the dose of 2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg significantly increased LVDP, dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, CFR, LV protein content. Moreover, significant decrease in the elevated MABP, LVEDP, LVW/BW, LV collagen, LV cholesterol content, nitrite, TNF-α and iNOS level was observed. Furthermore, administration of SMT (S-methylisothiourea), an iNOS inhibitor (5mg/kg., i.p) with SOV (10mg/kg., p.o) significantly increased the ameliorative effect of SOV (10mg/kg., p.o). The findings suggested that PTPases may have a function in regulating alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy by interfering with Akt/Pi3k and its downstream pathways, which include TNF-alpha and iNOS.

Background: Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by disrupted glucose metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, often associated with Secondary Hypertension (SH). Over 80% of SH patients exhibit glucose intolerance, with nearly 30% developing T2DM. There is a strong interaction between T2DM and NAFLD, representing a complex two-way relationship that influences the prognosis of the two diseases. Catfish oil extract boasts unsaturated fatty acids, including DHA, EPA, omega-3, vitamins A, B6, B12, D, and amino acids. Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of Pangasius sp. (catfish) oil extract administration on serum AST and ALT levels, as well as liver tissue MDA and CAT levels in alloxan-induced Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Materials and Methods: Employing a pure experimental approach with a post-test-only control group design, three groups of 9 white male rats (Rattus norvegicus), along with one extra male rat, were included.K1 served as the negative control group (Wistar rats not subjected to any treatment). K2 acted as the positive control group (Wistar rats subjected to alloxan-induced diabetes at 150mg/kg BW). K3 represented the treatment group (diabetic model rats treated with catfish oil extract at 73mg/kg BW). Serum AST and ALT levels, as well as MDA and CAT levels in liver tissue, were measured at the study's conclusion. Results: The highest mean MDA levels in white rat liver tissue were K2 (3034.00 + 525.25 nmol/g), and the lowest was K3(2909.33+351.01nmol/g); the mean CAT liver tissue levels in rats the highest was K1 (1063.42+133.36U/mg), and the lowest was K3(894.78+132.93U/mg), the highest mean serum ALT levels of white rats was K2(230.34+63,58 U/L), and the lowest was K1(151.54+23.12 U/L) and the highest mean serum AST level in rats was K2(448.79+618.90U/L), and the lowest was K1(61.01+14.70U/L). Conclusion: Giving catfish oil supplementation can repair the damage in liver tissue, as evidenced by reductions in MDA levels and serum ALT and AST levels in diabetic model rats within the treatment group. Alloxan induction did not affect liver tissue CAT levels, as evidenced by a consistent decrease in liver tissue CAT levels in both the positive control and treatment groups.