The path planning plays an important role for autonomous systems. Efficient comprehension of the surrounding environment and the effective generation of an optimal collision-free path are two essential elements to resolve a path planning problem. Artificial intelligence permits solving issues related to path planning, where several algorithms are currently implemented for this purpose. In this work, we will consider analytically and theoretically four AI algorithms, namely: RRT, RRT <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> , Q-Learning and GAN. We will demonstrate the different parameters affecting each algorithm to finally perform a performance analysis for various optimization metrics like execution time through simulation based experiments. Besides implementing each algorithm, we present a reliable contribution of parameters by exploring new environments to give a mobile node fixed trajectories for independent and autonomous mobilities.

&lt;table width="0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="593"&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ease of access to the various resources on the web-enabled the democratization of access to information but at the same time allowed the appearance of enormous plagiarism problems. Many techniques of plagiarism were identified in the literature, but the plagiarism of idea steels the foremost troublesome to detect, because it uses different text manipulation at the same time. Indeed, a few strategies have been proposed to perform semantic plagiarism detection, but they are still numerous challenges to overcome. Unlike the existing states of the art, the purpose of this study is to give an overview of different propositions for plagiarism detection based on the deep learning algorithms. The main goal of these approaches is to provide a high quality of worlds or sentences vector representation. In this paper, we propose a comparative study based on a set of criterions like: Vector representation method, Level Treatment, Similarity Method and Dataset. One result of this study is that most of researches are based on world granularity and use the word2vec method for word vector representation, which sometimes is not suitable to keep the meaning of the whole sentences. Each technique has strengths and weaknesses; however, none is quite mature for semantic plagiarism detection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

The recent creation of quality-assurance (QA) agencies for higher education in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia is an encouraging initiative that is meant to improve the level of university governance and programs in these countries and to align their quality-assurance policies with those in effect in neighboring European universities. Previously, QA was limited to individual university initiatives, frequently undertaken within the framework of cooperation with external partners. Faced with a relentless « massification » of the demand for higher education (HE), North African countries have moved hesitantly towards diversifying their HE offers, encouraging private and semi-private universities as well as public-private formulas that have thus far not really managed to alleviate the situation by serving a significant portion of students. In order to ensure quality levels in public higher education and to regulate the new non-public initiatives, the new QA agencies need to develop an environment favoring transparent evaluation in accordance with well-developed sets of regulations. Yet the initial mandates of these agencies place them squarely under government surveillance, in contrast with regulations in effect for similar agencies in other regions of the world. The opportunities and challenges facing these agencies are considered.

Political decision makers in the Maghreb countries have not been immune to pressures for University autonomy resulting from intense competition, globalization and from the association with the European Union. Although the HE ministries claim to have made advances in devolving their supervisory prerogatives through the reforms instituted during the last decade, university autonomy remains in fact elusive and newly established quality assurance agencies are in fact themselves administratively dependent on the ministries. Further, the generation, prioritization and expenditure of funds are also subject to complex ministry of finance policies and procedures. The regional political and administrative decentralization that is being put in place promises to change the relationship between the university and its close environment. In Morocco, for example, the new regions are already seeking university expertise in the management of their development agendas and have allocated supplementary funds to bolster university budgets. Similar developments in the Maghreb region tend to support this trend, which may effectively lead to a more flexible approach to university management, favoring more autonomy and a diversity adapted to the differing needs of the regions. University autonomy will thus be reinforced as a consequence of regional empowerment, to become a major lever in regional development.

This paper presents the behavior of three iterations of a CoPlanar Waveguide-fed (CPW) CANTOR Set fractal antenna. This kind of antennas allows having an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) behavior and important gains. Also, the setup of slots allows having more lower resonant frequencies and therefore designing miniaturized antennas with good performances.

Cloud Computing is emerging as a very promising technology changing the way we approach Computing.

This paper examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on liquidity in the MENA region, i.e. Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Kuwait, and Bahrain. Using turnover as a proxy for liquidity, we document significant difference in liquidity between the pre- and the post-crisis periods in the MENA region. In addition, our results show that bulk of this reduction in turnover can be explained due to weaknesses of corporate governance mechanisms. For example, that dividend payout ratio and choice of auditors – proxies for agency problems – can explain the entire difference in liquidity between the two periods. Furthermore, our results indicate that more than 50% of this difference between the two periods can be explained by operational and informational complexity of a firm – proxy for transparency. We argue that poor corporate governance mechanisms increase information asymmetries between insiders and outsiders. Outsiders, being liquidity providers, therefore do not trade in stocks for which they have no information. Therefore, firms with poor governance mechanisms usually experience higher decline in liquidity during periods of market-wide uncertainty.

In addition to its use in data envelopment analysis models, the shortage function has been proposed as a tool to gauge performance in multi-moment portfolio models. An open issue is how the choice of direction vector affects the efficiency measurement, especially when some of the data can be negative and, from a practical point of view, whether and how the resulting league tables are affected. This paper illustrates empirically how the choice of direction vector affects the relative ranking of mean-variance portfolios. This result is relevant to all frontier-based applications, especially those where some of the data can be naturally negative.