Bali has unique and distinctive cultural customs that have a societal and cultural character that has been dominantly influenced by Hinduism. One proof of the influence of Hindu culture originating from India was the concept of a kingdom where the king was the ruler in regulating people's lives. Even though in the modern era, Bali has become a part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, this does not mean that the traditional system that existed before has disappeared but rather that it can become part of the formation of social and cultural capital in the context of the nation-state building in Indonesia. The kingdom of Denpasar, previously called the kingdom of Badung as well was a cultural entity which played an significant role not only in the past, but also still be seen in the modern Bali era. It is not surprising to see that the existence of this kingdom cannot be separated from the understanding of the existence of autonomy, diplomacy and the struggles and its contribution that has been carried out from the past until now. There are some significant questions that will be addresed in this paper firstly: What and how did the kingdom or Puri Denpasar exist in the dynamics of society and culture in Bali in particular and in Indonesia in general? Secondly: how did collective memory develop so that Puri Denpasar had its authority as the diplomacy and struggle carried out to contribute to the nation-state building? Thirdly: what the meaning of kingdom in the modern Bali era particularly in the context of socio and cultural aspects so that these social and cultural values can be maintained regarding its existence from the past until now within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia? These are some significant questions that will be discussed in this study in an effort to have a better understanding about the role of the kingdom or Puri Denpasar in socio-cultural, economic and political aspects so that Puri Denpasar can maintain its existence until now in the context of nation-state building in the modern Indonesian state.

This research aims to examine elements of Javanese culture in the novel "Garuda Gaganeswara Teka-Teki Jalan Lurus Melingkar" (GGTTJLM) using the Circuit of Culture Hall approach and Koentjraningrat Literary Anthropology. As a country rich in cultural diversity, Indonesia holds a rich culture that is the heritage of its people. However, the potential for social divisions can arise if this diversity is not properly understood and monitored. Children's literature, as depicted in Nilandari's work entitled "Garuda Gaganeswara: The Puzzle of a Straight and Circular Road", plays an important role in shaping, reflecting and inheriting the values, norms and traditions of society. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of phrases, words and discourse. Data collection was carried out through literature study using reading and note-taking techniques. The research results show that the representation of Javanese culture in the novel GGTTJLM reflects local wisdom, including myths about Dewi Sri and Masangin as seen from the perspective of the Circuit of Culture Hall. The identified cultural elements involve community activities in language, knowledge systems, social organization, living equipment and technology systems, livelihoods, religion and art.

This study entitled “ An Analysis of Primary Slang and Secondary Slang Used in The Movie “Plane” by Jean- Francois Richet. This research aimed to explore the utilization of primary and secondary slang in the movie titled "Plane," directed by Jean-François Richet. To collect the data, a structured approach involving qualitative descriptive methods. Additionally, the study utilized Chapman (2007) as the theoretical framework. The analysis showed that secondary slang words were more common in the movie, with 16 (73%) instances, compared to 6 (27%) instances of primary slang. In conclusion, this research emphasized the importance of primary and secondary slang in the movie, showcasing their role in character interactions and narrative authenticity. The study of the movie "Plane" and the use of Chapman's slang language theory enhanced our understanding of language's contribution to cinematic storytelling.

The Dutch East Indies Government’s view of traditional financial management was an early attempt by the government to establish a network of modern financial institutions in rural areas. The government introduced Dessabank as a modern financial institution whose operational task is under the supervision or guidance of central cash officers. Dessabank as a banking institution has to follow the system of rural financial management. The establishment of Dessabank Patemon in 1914 in Patemon Village, Pengastulan District, Buleleng, was responded by the villagers through village officials and utilized the regulations (awig-awig) of Patemon Village. The Dessabank in Banjar Buleleng utilized local administrative personnel and The Dutch East Indies government expected the Dessabank will function well and meet the needs of the village community. In the villages where a Dessabank has been successfully established, there were successful stories such as; the setting of interest rates, the obligation to repay the loan principal, the introduction of the difference in the number of days between the Saka year and the Gregorian year, and the involvement of villagers as bank employees.

Cultural identity negotitations are proven to occur in translation because translation is a form of cross-culture communication. The pupose of this research is to explore the negotiation of Javanese cultural identity through translating social deixis in French based on form, meaning and function. Under the descriptive-qualitative method, this research attempts to explore in-depth knowledge about the research object. The comparative method is used to find similarities and differences in the form, meaning and function of social deixis from the novel Rumah Kaca (1988) and its translation in French from the novel La Maison de Verre (2018). Negotiation of Javanese cultural identity can take the form of partial negotiations and full negotiations. The causes of negotiation are differences in language systems, prioritizing equivalence of social deixis function, and differences in cultural perspective. These causes have some impacts for equivalence, namely: partial equivalence and distortion of meaning.

This research aims to describe the aspects identified as a form of self-defense mechanism that occurs in the main character Matara in the novel "Mata Di Tanah Melus" by Okky Madasari. This research is studied using Sigmund Freud's thoughts on self-defense mechanisms. According to Freud, self-defense mechanisms are efforts from the subconscious to defend themselves from threats or anxiety. To describe the findings, this research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study show that there are four forms of self-defense mechanisms in Matara's character when facing conflict, namely: denial self-defense mechanism, repression self-defense mechanism, formation reaction self-defense mechanism, and rationalization self-defense mechanism. All forms of self-defense mechanism responses that occur in Matara's character are Matara's efforts to regain her comfort when she is in a situation that makes her anxious.

The purpose of the research titled "An Analysis of Gender in Language of a Dark Action Comedy on Prime Video" is to identify gendered language features applied in the series The data was collected using documentation method and was analyzed using qualitative method based on Jennifer Coates of men's language features as applied to the characters in the series "The Boys" episode 1 on Amazon Prime. The research identified several language features, including order versus proposal, swearing and taboo language, and interruptions, applied to the characters in the series. The main characters, Hughie and Hugh Campbell Sr., predominantly exhibited these features. Hughie used direct forms of address, swear words, and interruptions in his speech. Other characters in the series also displayed men's language features and differences in their language use.

This study analyzes the language style used in the utterances of the main characters (i.e., Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark) in The Hunger Games Movie. The relevant data was obtained using a qualitative method, especially the documentation method. This study also presents the language style most often used by the main characters, focusing on the five language style features and functions proposed by Martin Joos (1976): formal style, consultative style, casual style, intimate style and frozen style. Overall, we found that the casual style is more often used than the other language styles. More specifically, there are 70 data that convey particular language styles, the distribution of which is as follows: 1 frozen style data, 18 formal style data, 10 consultative style data, 27 casual style data, and 14 intimate style data.

Language politeness is one of the crucial issues, especially by public figures in public spaces. This is because he is a role model for the general public. Moreover, a public figure who wants to become the number one person in Indonesia. This research examines language politeness from the perspective of Leech's politeness maxims. The purpose of this study is to describe the language politeness practiced by Prabowo Subianto in the closing statement of the 2024 presidential candidate debate. The type of this research is qualitative descriptive method. The data collection method uses tapping, listening, and recording techniques. Based on the data, out of 25 sentences in the closing statement, 20 or 80% of the identified data fulfill the principles of politeness. While 20% are neutral. Based on the main ideas, out of 10 main ideas, there are 8 or 80% of them are identified as polite speech, while 2 or 20% of the main ideas are neutral. Based on Leech's maxims of politeness, there are six forms of politeness shown in the speech, namely tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, sympath maxim.

This research aims to describe the spatial image schemas in metaphorical expressions in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori. Previous research has mostly analyze metaphors based on types of space, so research on types of image schemes has not been studied much. The research method is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected using the observation method with close reading techniques, then analyzed using the distributional method. The theory used image schema according to Croft and Cruse (2004) and metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson (2003). The results of the research show that the spatial image scheme in the novel Laut Bercerita consists of top-bottom, near-far, and center-surround spatial image schemes. All data includes a type of orientational metaphor because orientational metaphor is closely related to the spatial image scheme. The spatial image scheme is spatially oriented, as is the characteristic of orientational metaphor. Therefore, the type of metaphor with a spatial image scheme is an orientational metaphor.