Red algae are abundant worldwide, and their exploitation for the development of agar products has developed into a significant industry in recent years. Industrial processing of red algae produces a significant amount of solid fibre waste, which contributes to substantial environmental problems. Agar from red algae is mostly used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. There has been very limited research on the use of red algae in lignocellulosic composites so far. As such, this project aims to fabricate red algae reinforced with polylactic acid (PLA) as composite materials and to investigate the composite's mechanical, physical, and durability properties, as well as its characterization. The composite is fabricated using an extruder and a hydraulic hot press machine in three different composition ratios: 200:0, 180:20, and 160:40 (PLA: fibre (g)). Each sample was subjected to tensile testing for mechanical properties, melt flow index (MFI), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) testing for physical properties, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) testing for thermal properties. For durability testing, the samples were buried underground to determine the weight loss of composites over two weeks. The results indicate that while red algae have exceptional thermal properties, however, the strength and durability of the composite decrease with the inclusion of fibre. It is recommended that fibres be treated with an alkaline solution to improve their characteristics before being used as a composite.

Complex materials with artificial structures known as metamaterials (MTM) have unique properties that draw several scientists to use them in a variety of research fields. In addition, MTM can go beyond some of the restrictions placed on tools used in technical practise while improving the characteristics of microwaves. The Internet of Things (IoT) application calls for the construction of zero-index Split Ring Resonator (SRR) MTM element superstrates with an ultra-wideband antenna. Keep in mind that the MTM simulates behaviour that is not found in nature, namely the zero-reflection phase (dB) on the resonance frequency. For this project, an antenna with an SRR MTM unit cell operating at 2.70 GHz is built. The SRR has four inductance-related loops (r1, r2, r3, and r4), and gaps (slots) are added to the ring to produce the capacitance effect. Parametric research has been done for the SSR in the interim to identify the best design with zero indexes, permittivity and permeability at the desired frequency. The MTM unit cells array design's 7 x 4 and 10 x 5 dimensions achieved a dB of 0° at the 2.70 GHz frequency range. A 7 x 4 MTM unit cell makes up the first design, MTM Antenna Design 1, which at 2.70 GHz recorded a gain of 5.70 dB and a return loss (S11) of -20.007 dB. The return loss (S11) at a frequency of 2.70 GHz was -19.734 dB in the second design, an MTM antenna consisting of 10 x 5 MTM unit cells, which recorded a gain of 5.66 dB.

The purpose of this research report is to disseminate the findings of a study on the consequences of palm kernel shell on the mechanical properties of kernelrazzo concrete floor finishes made using the Department of Environment (DoE) design method combinations of cement, quarry dust, as well as palm kernel shell in place of some marble chippings. The use of palm kernel shell, which is readily available as a coarse aggregate substitute, is the only option allowed for this research project to minimize the self-weight or dead load of the floors and to cut the cost of construction. Quarry dust was used as a fine aggregate, while marble chips and palm kernel shell were used as coarse aggregates. There were six distinct concrete mixtures created, and it is significant to note that, when considering the degree of workability values, the results of their slump tests are quite good. The possible significance of this research is that just 19 mm granite with a water-cement ratio of 0.5 was obtained at 28 days, the compressive strength grade of 30.50 N/mm2, 22.32N/mm2, 26.46 N/mm2, 19.72N/mm2, 16.47N/mm2 and 12.96N/mm2 respectively while flexural strength concrete grade of 5.44 N/mm2, 3.85N/mm2, 4.56 N/mm2, 3.01N/mm2 and 2.46N/mm2. There is no result at 50% palm kernel shells, concrete is good in compression but weak in tension. The research work's contribution to knowledge is in the awareness it provides regarding the potential use of agro-waste materials, prevention of epidemic and other related diseases that may arise from waste palm kernel shells and source of income generation and reduction of economic loss that may result from early kernelrazzo concrete floor finishes failure in urban and rural communities, in yards for offices and factories due to incorrect concrete proportioning with a maximum of 33% quarry dust and 20% palm kernel shell replacement with marble chippings.

Swirling Fluidized Bed (SFB) is a system that possess a plenum chamber and distributor air gap which leading up to dispersion of the airflow to the bed. The current SFB is in contrast with conventional fluidization systems whereby the effect of multi-stage through blades inclination angle (15°) and number of blades (60) was carried out. The simulation was used to compute and assess the performance outcomes of velocity distribution in a SFB. Therefore, the present study focuses on the numerical analysis procedure on the air flow distribution impacted by annular blade distributor arrangement in a Multi-stage SFB via ANSYS Fluent before a detailed study on selected variable would be carried out. As a consequence, the findings of the primary study that have been conducted are in line with expectations formed by earlier research.

The increasing accessibility of mobile technology makes it easier for users to use health related applications to combat health issues. In addition to this, gamification has been widely used to increase the engagement between user and application. This study provides an insight into how gamification affects user engagement when using stress management application. Two versions of stress management application were developed, one with gamification element, and the other one without. These two applications were then evaluated by 20 participants using the UES-SF questionnaire, where data on the engagement level of the participants were collected and analysed. The results showed that all participants (100%) prefer the application with gamification to help them manage their stress level better. Statistical tests done revealed that the stress management application with gamification was also found to be significantly more engaging compared to stress management application without gamification (given p ≤ .05). A Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test indicated that gamified stress management application was rated more favourably than the non-gamified stress management application, with Z score = -3.92, and p = 0.00. The results demonstrated the significance of gamification in increasing user engagement among users when using stress management application.

This current study was conducted to investigate the optimal fabrication variable that would give desirable properties in designing hydrogel wound dressings. This new PVA/chitosan hydrogel loaded with Chromolaena odorata were fabricated using solvent-casting method. Variables including PVA concentration (3, 5, 7 and 10% w/v), chitosan concentration (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% w/v) and PVA/Chitosan ratio (10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 and 90:10) were investigated and elucidated. Hydrogel properties including tensile strength, swelling capacity, erosion rate and porosity were measured and effects of the fabrication variables towards these properties were elucidated. In conclusion, desirable PVA/Chitosan hydrogel loaded with Chromolaena odorata extract as wound dressing was favorly designed. The optimal range for PVA concentration, chitosan concentration and PVA/Chitosan ratio were 5% to 7%, 2% to 3% and 50:50 to 70:30 respectively.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which produces free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), through glucose auto-oxidation and glycosylation. Administration of antioxidants and polyphenolic compound components can capture free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Polyphenols are also able to reduce blood glucose levels by inhibiting the action of amylase enzymes as carbohydrate catabolism so that glucose absorption does not occur. One of the plants that contain polyphenols is Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia). Some studies on the rhizomes of this plant include methanol extracts containing phenolics, Flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins. Dry powders and wet rhizome powders were studied to have antioxidant activity. Research on the inhibition of the enzyme alfa amylase is still lacking. This study aims to determine the content of chemical compounds using 70% ethanol solvent. The total phenolic and flavonoid assay with spectrophotometry, determine antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 490 nm and inhibition of α-amylase enzyme using 3,5- dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) at 529 nm. The results showed that phenolic levels were 235 mgGAE/100gr, flavonoids were 61 mg QE/100gr, Alkaloids 30 mg Quinine /100gr and saponin 158 mg Quillaja bark/100gr, dan tannin 535mg tannic acid/100gr. DPPH antioxidant activity obtained IC50 value of 299,18 µg/mLµg/mL and α- amylase inhibitory 50,26 µg/mLµg/mL. The research showed that 70% ethanol extract Curcuma caesia roxb contains phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, quinine, and saponins constituents and have been antioxidant activity and high α-amylase inhibitory

The demand for electricity in Malaysia is growing yearly. Renewable energy from the sea waves is one of the solutions to solve the energy crisis in Malaysia. Malaysia has a long coastline of 4,675 kilometres. Therefore, simulating a sea waves power plant for Malaysia is an interest of this study. This research is aim to identify the suitable locations for installing sea waves power plants in Malaysia and to simulate the total power generated by the sea waves power plant by using Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER). HOMER is a power optimization software and it is used to simulate and analyze the sea waves power plant in the generation system. The sea wave height, the period, and the water depth are collected from the selected regions. From the results, it shows that the sea waves peak periods are between 3 s and 5 s whereas the wave heights are between 0.5 m and 1 m respectively. The HOMER and analytical results show that the total rate of electrical power connected to the grid for Malaysia is 1408.81 MWh per year and 1408.89 MWh per year, respectively.

Stress is one of the issues in mental health among the societies. Self-therapy has been an alternative to provide relaxation and to reduce stress that includes the use of guided imagery therapy (GIT). It could also take advantages of technologies that support the sense of presence. In this technology-driven era, Spatial Presence Model (SPM) has been applied in existing studies to develop virtual reality (VR) tools, while Guided Imagery Therapy (GIT) has been used as a treatment tool for potential psychological problems. Currently, no study has utilized both SPM and GIT in supporting the practice of self-therapy to reduce stress. Hence, this study aims to propose a hybridized model for Image-based VR (IBVR) that incorporates SPM and GIT for the purpose of technology-driven self-therapy. The Design science research methodology (DSRM) is used as the basis for conducting the study. The proposed model is expected to benefit the application designers as a reference in developing IBVR tools for self-therapy.

The aim of this study is to examines the link between technology and the performance of the maritime industry in Malaysia. There are four distinct factors under technology that may influence the performance of the maritime industry, which are management information system functionality, intranet quality, information system integration, and network capability. The methodology of this study is a discussion of the issues from several past literature reviews. The link between the technology and the performance of the maritime industry discussed in this study will contribute to the knowledge that is certainly limited in the literature, and the maritime industry will better understand how to improve its technology, thus improving its performance. This study adapts the elements of technology under Open System Theory (OST) and will be proposed in the context of the maritime industry in Malaysia. The proposed theoretical framework in this study can be used as a benchmark for quality accreditation in the future.