Abstract Heavy neutral leptons $N$ are the most appealing candidates to generate the tiny neutrino masses. In this paper, we study the signature of heavy neutral leptons in gauged $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ at a muon collider. Charged under the $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ symmetry, the heavy neutral leptons can be pair produced via the new gauge boson $Z'$ at muon collider as $\mu^+\mu^-\to Z^{\prime *}\to NN$ and $\mu^+\mu^-\to Z^{\prime (*)} \gamma\to NN\gamma$. We then perform a detailed analysis on the lepton number violation signature $\mu^+\mu^-\to NN\to \mu^\pm\mu^\pm W^\mp W^\mp$ and $\mu^+\mu^-\to NN \gamma\to \mu^\pm\mu^\pm W^\mp W^\mp \gamma$ at the 3 TeV muon collider, where the hadronic decays of $W$ boson are treated as fat-jets $J$. These lepton number violation signatures have quite clean backgrounds at the muon collider. Our simulation shows that a wide range of viable parameter space is within the reach of the 3 TeV muon collider. For instance, with new gauge coupling $g'=0.6$ and an integrated luminosity of 1000 fb$^{-1}$, the $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm JJ$ signal could probe $m_{Z'}\lesssim 13$ TeV. Meanwhile, if the gauge boson mass satisfies $2 m_N<m_{Z'}<\sqrt{s}$, the $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm JJ\gamma$ signature would be more promising than the $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm JJ$ signature. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

Abstract The chiral magnetic wave (CMW) is a collective mode in quark-gluon plasma originated from the chiral magnetic effect (CME) and chiral separation effect. Its detection in heavy-ion collisions is challenging due to significant background contamination. In Ref.~\cite{Zhao:2021yjo}, we have constructed a neural network which can accurately identify the CME-related signal from the final-state pion spectra. In this paper, we generalize such a neural network to the case of CMW search. We show that, after a updated training, the neural network can effectively recognize the CMW-related signal. Additionally, we assess the performance of the neural network compared to other known methods for CMW search.

Abstract The in-ice or in-water Cherenkov neutrino telescope such as IceCube has already proved its power in measuring the Glashow resonance by searching for the bump around $E^{}_{\rm \nu} = 6.3~{\rm PeV}$ arising from the $W$-boson production. There are many proposals in the next few decades that observe cosmic tau neutrinos with extensive air showers, also known as tau neutrino telescopes. As has been recognized, the air shower telescope is in principle sensitive to the Glashow resonance via the channel $W \to \tau \nu^{}_{\tau}$ followed by the tau decay in the air, such as TAMBO with a geometric area around $500~{\rm km^2}$. With a thorough numerical analysis, we find that the discovery significance can be up to $90\%$ with a TAMBO-like setup if PeV neutrinos mainly originate from neutron decays, considering the flux parameters measured by IceCube as the input. The presence of new physics affecting the neutrino flavor composition can also increase the significance. However, if ultrahigh-energy neutrinos are dominantly produced from meson decays, it will be statistically difficult for a rather advanced proposal like TAMBO to discriminate the Glashow resonance induced by $\overline{\nu}^{}_{e}$ from the intrinsic $\nu^{}_{\tau}/\overline{\nu}^{}_{\tau}$ background. We have identified several limitations for those telescopes on hunting the resonance compared to the in-ice or in-water telescope: (i) a suppressed branching ratio of $11\%$ for the decay $W \to \tau \nu^{}_{\tau}$; (ii) the smearing effect and the reduced acceptance because the daughter neutrino takes away $\langle y \rangle \sim 75\%$ of the energy from the $W$ decay; (iii) a large attenuation effect for Earth-skimming neutrinos with the resonance.

Abstract The neutron total cross section data of 9Be play an important role in nuclear structure model research of light nuclei and nuclear power installations. A measurement of the neutron total cross section of 9Be in the 0.3 eV-120 MeV energy region has been carried out by using time-of-flight method and transmission method with the Neutron Total Cross Sectional Spectrometer (NTOX) based on the multi-cell fast fission chamber at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS)- Back-n white neutron source (Back-n). The fission count-neutron energy distributions of 235U and 238U without sample and with Be samples in three thicknesses were measured in the double-bunch operation mode during beam power of 100 kW. The Bayesian method is used to eliminate the influence of the double-bunch problem on neutron measurement in the energy region above 10 keV. The neutron total cross section of 9Be results is well consistent with ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluation library data in 0.3 eV-20 MeV energy region. In the energy range of 0.3 eV to 10 keV, the deviation between our results and the evaluation results of ENDF/B-VIII.0 is within 2.5%, which is within 15% from 0.01-20 MeV. In the resonance energy region, the measured resonance energies in our experiment are 0.63 MeV, 0.82 MeV and 2.8 MeV respectively. The results show that the total cross section uncertainties of three thicknesses Be samples are within 2.2% in the energy region below 1 MeV. The total cross section uncertainty of 30 mm Be from 235U is the smallest and less than 5% in the energy region 0.3 eV-120 MeV. The results of this experiment can provide technical support for further data analysis and related nuclear data evaluation.

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the inflationary parameters and
swampland conjectures in the presence of scalar field and Chaplygin
models. We examine the inflationary parameters, such as slow-roll
parameters, the scalar power spectrum, tensor power spectrum,
spectral index and the tensor to scalar ratio in the presence of
scalar field and Chaplygin gas models. We also discuss the recently
proposed swampland conjectures. We consider that the inflationary
expansion is driven by a standard scalar field with a decay ratio
$\Gamma$ that has a generic power law dependence on the scalar field
$\phi$ and the temperature of the thermal bath $T$ is given by
$\Gamma(\phi,T)= C_{\phi} \frac{T^{a}}{\phi^{a-1}}$, where
$C_{\phi}$ is a dimensionless parameter and $a$ is the inflation
decay rate. Assuming that our model bends in a strong dissipative
regime $(R\gg1)$, we study the background and perturbative dynamics
and obtain the most relevant inflationary observables, such as the
scalar power spectrum $\mathcal{P_{R}}$, scalar spectral index
$n_{s}$, dissipative ratio $R$, the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$,
running of the scalar spectral index $\frac{dn_{s}}{d\ln{k}}$ and
the generalized ratio of the Swampland de-Sitter conjecture
$\frac{\acute{T}V}{\acute{V}T}$ for three different potentials.

Abstract The similar densities of dark matter and baryons in the universe imply that they might arise from the same ultraviolet model. The B-Mesogenesis, which assumes dark matter is charged under the baryon number, attempts to simultaneously explain the origin of baryon asymmetry and dark matter in the universe. In particular, the B-Mesogenesis might induce bottom-baryon decays into invisible or semi-invisible final states, which provide a distinctive signal for probing this scenario. In this work, we systematically study the invisible decays of bottom baryons into dark matters, and semi-invisible decays of bottom baryons into a meson or a photon together with a dark matter particle. In particular, the fully invisible decay can explore the stable particles in B-Mesogenesis. Some QCD-based frameworks are used to calculate the hadronic matrix elements under the B-Mesogenesis model. We estimate the constraints on the Wilson coefficients or the product of some new physics couplings with the Wilson coefficients by the semi-invisible and invisible decays of bottom baryons at future colliders. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

Abstract Fission fragments yields and average total kinetic energy are the fundamental nuclear data essential for applications in nuclear energy and the study of nuclear devices. Certain fission products, such as 95Zr, 99Mo, 140Ba, 144Ce and 147Nd, serve as burnup monitors, assessing the number of fissions induced by neutrons on 235U. However, current experimental data for these fission products worldwide are inconsistent, introducing significant uncertainty into related scientific research. This study employs the Potential-driving Model to calculate the independent yields of 235U and evaluates its advantages in such calculations. Additionally, we investigate the energy dependence of independent yields for select important products. Furthermore, we calculate the cumulative yields of 95Zr, 99Mo, 140Ba, 144Ce, and 147Nd, and compare them with existing literature data to explore the energy dependence of fission products for 235U. Given the lack of fission product yield data above 14.8 MeV, we extend our calculated incident neutron energy to 20 MeV, aiming to support future scientific research. The Geant4 physical model does not consider the influence of incident neutron energy on the average total kinetic energy of fission fragments; thus, we introduce the excitation function of the total kinetic energy of fission fragments recommended by Madland et al., which effectively describes the experimental data of the average total kinetic energy of fragments formed in 235U fission. This study offers a detailed discussion on the energy dependence of fission product yield and average total kinetic energy.

Abstract In the quasielastic region, we calculate the inclusive charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering from $^{40}$Ar.
To explore the effect of uncertainties stemming from the nuclear structure, we use the KIDS (Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU) nuclear energy density functional and Skyrme force models, SLy4, SkI3, and MSk7.
The models are selected to have distinct behavior of the density dependence of the symmetry energy and the effective mass of the nucleon.
In the charged-current neutrino scattering, the single- and double-differential cross sections are calculated in various kinematics and 
total cross sections are shown in terms of the incident neutrino energy.
The theoretical cross sections are compared with experimental data, and
the roles of the effective mass and the symmetry energy are investigated in the charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering.

Abstract We investigate a class of gravity theories respecting only spatial covariance, termed spatially covariant gravity, in the presence of an auxiliary scalar field. We examine the conditions on the Lagrangian required to eliminate scalar degrees of freedom, allowing only two tensorial degrees of freedom to propagate. Instead of strict constraint analysis, in this work, we employ the perturbation method and focus on the necessary conditions to evade the scalar mode at linear order in perturbations around a cosmological background. Starting from a general action and solving the auxiliary perturbation variables in terms of the would-be dynamical scalar mode, we derive the condition to remove its kinetic term, thus ensuring that no scalar mode propagates. As an application of the general condition, we study a polynomial-type Lagrangian as a concrete example, in which all the monomials are spatially covariant scalars containing two derivatives. We find that the auxiliary scalar field plays a nontrivial role, and new terms in the Lagrangian are allowed. Our analysis sheds light on constructing gravity theories with two degrees of freedom in the extended framework of spatially covariant gravity.