Este artículo indaga en qué medida las solicitudes de patentes de invención, que contaron con financiamiento del sistema CyT argentino, se han licenciado y explotado comercialmente. Este tópico fundamental para orientar las políticas de transferencia de tecnología, sin embargo, no ha sido abordado cuantitativamente. Esta investigación busca subsanar parcialmente esa vacancia mediante una encuesta, la cual fue respondida por 145 investigadores responsables de proyectos PICT –principal instrumento de financiamiento a la CyT del país– que han sido inventores y/o solicitantes de patentes. Entre los principales resultados destacan: i. un 28% declara que tiene al menos licenciada una patente, mientras que un 12% tiene al menos una en explotación; ii. las tasas de licenciamiento y explotación son más bajas cuando la patente se solicita en la Argentina que cuando se tramita en oficinas del extranjero; iii. la principal causa señalada para la falta de transferencia es la ausencia de demanda o vinculación con adoptantes de la tecnología.

Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) are receiving greater attention both in the academic world and in the field of government action. Recently, many studies have used a configuration perspective in the analysis of EEs. However, many of these studies have not specifically addressed whether different EE configurations can produce similar outputs; that is, they do not properly explore the concept of equifinality. Our main purpose was to fill this theoretical and empirical gap by exploring and demonstrating the patterns of performance of EEs (e.g., configurations) along a bundle of entrepreneurial outcome indicators. Using the Entrepreneurship Framework Conditions (EFCs) indicators provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) from 60 countries and applying exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis, we identified and developed five distinctive EE configurations. Later, by applying analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare these EE configurations across the entrepreneurial outcome indicators, we were able to show distinctive (dis)similarities with respect to the outcome indicators investigated. The results contribute to the understanding that there is not only one type of successful EE. In other words, the equifinality of EEs was empirically evidenced by our analysis. This is a significant theoretical contribution to the field, emphasizing the need for a broader view of how EEs may be configured and denying the relevance of searching for an ideal EE.

Using the knowledge base theory, which classifies knowledge into analytical, synthetic, and symbolic types, this paper aims to analyze Brazil's spatial pattern of knowledge distribution in two periods, corresponding to a growth and a downturn phase. The methodology relies on occupational data segmented by knowledge types. Results show that the core region still creates a conducive environment for symbolic, synthetic, and analytical knowledge types, although the regional gap is reducing. Such a spatial pattern can only be understood as an intrinsic outcome of interconnections between Brazil's regional formation process and its position in the global economy. This paper contributes to the discussion on regional disparities by interpreting the results drawing on aspects of the evolutionary economic geography (EEG), the Latin American dependency theory, and the geographical political economy (GPE), together with the hypothesis of uneven and combined development.