A considerable number of women giving birth during COVID-19 pandemic reported being concerned about changes to their childbirth plans and experiences due to imposed restrictions. Research prior to the pandemic suggests that women may be more at risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) due to unmet expectations of their childbirth plans. Therefore, this study aimed to examine if the mismatch between women’s planned birth and actual birth experiences during COVID-19 was associated with women’s postpartum PTSS. Women in the postpartum period (up to 6 months after birth) across 11 countries reported on childbirth experiences, mental health, COVID-19-related factors, and PTSS (PTSD checklist DSM-5 version) using self-report questionnaires (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04595123). More than half (64%) of the 3532 postpartum women included in the analysis reported changes to their childbirth plans. All changes were significantly associated with PTSS scores. Participants with one and two changes to their childbirth plans had a 12% and 38% increase, respectively, in PTSS scores compared to those with no changes (Exp(β) = 1.12; 95% CI [1.06–1.19]; p < 0.001 and Exp(β) = 1.38; 95% CI [1.29–1.48]; p < 0.001). In addition, the effect of having one change in the childbirth plan on PTSS scores was stronger in primigravida than in multigravida (Exp(β) = 0.86; 95% CI [0.77–0.97]; p = 0.014). Changes to women’s childbirth plans during the COVID-19 pandemic were common and associated with women’s postpartum PTSS score. Developing health policies that protect women from the negative consequences of unexpected or unintended birth experiences is important for perinatal mental health.

Higher education institutions in developing countries encountered several challenges and barriers when attempting to transition to e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to ascertain the perspectives of students regarding e-learning by examining the many aspects that impact their inclination to adopt e-learning in the Albanian setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers chose to utilize the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to examine the behavioural intentions of a total of 482 students who were currently enrolled at "Fan S. Noli'' University. The utilization of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) has been employed for the purpose of data elaboration. The research discovered that the variable "Attitude towards Use" had a direct influence on students' Behavioural Intention towards e-learning during the COVID-19 epidemic. The variable "Perceived Usefulness" did not have a statistically significant impact on the students' Behaviour Intention. Additionally, the results showed that the students have adapted quickly to the online platform, which has led to a wide acceptance of its usefulness, and this was reflected in a favorable attitude towards its use. The conclusions of this research are important indicators for the enhancement and perspective of the e-learning process in Albanian high education institutions, as they emphasize the importance of identifying and comprehending various factors related to e-learning in Albania. The findings of this study have the potential to provide universities and policymakers with useful insights into the e-learning process, particularly in developing contexts.

Planning is a form of interaction between social, economic, environmental, political, organizational, and institutional elements that undergo different processes. Planning is influenced by sets and subsets of factors that come together and are measured on a spatial scale. Despite well-planned strategies, sustainability has always been questioned, especially in developing countries. In this regard, the Circular Economy concept has been considered an inclusive solution to contemporaneous phenomena and a model for ensuring the sustainability of any initiative. Albania undertook territorial reform for decentralization in 2014, and all the national and regional strategies were drafted considering closed-cycle concepts. As such, sustainability was the central point of focus for all plans. Considering the difficulty and significance of the process, this work analyzes circular economy incorporation in the territorial spatial planning reform of 2014 in Albania. It makes a comparison between the level of integration in the planning and implementation phases to assess the level of integration in the cluster activities in economic zones that came as a result of the planning strategy. A participatory approach and data reduction techniques through the Delphi method are used, taking into consideration different stakeholders in the case of the Durana economic zone. This study takes the position that the main components of the national and local planning strategies are elements of the circular economy, but fails to fully adopt critical components of the Circular Economy concept. Ownership separation and the existence of large informal areas are the main underlying factors that obstruct planning and implementation of territorial reform. This study deduces that complete incorporation of stakeholders calls for coordination of actions and practices of all actors in spatial planning; the role of clusters in the shift toward the CE concept is moderate, and the level of incorporation of CE in cluster activities depends on how much it is in line with their specific activity. We recommend a more effective synetization between stakeholders, resource allocation effectiveness, and preliminary capacity development in the preparation phase of the territorial planning for a successful shift toward circular concept models; a shift toward CE relies on the effectiveness of cluster activities and the success of economic zones.

This study aims to identify and evaluate ecosystem services and calculate the total economic value of Vjosa Valley, an endangered riverine ecosystem. An instrumental-deliberative approach is used with experts and Albania’s general public. The results show that experts highly evaluate Vjosa Valley for its cultural ecosystem services, while the general public assigns higher importance to regulation ecosystem services. Two monetary measures have been calculated, WTP and WTA. The results indicate no significant differences between WTP and WTA when using a payment card. Participants will pay, on average, 7% of their monthly incomes to protect Vjosa Valley from Hydropower Construction. This study was developed during the pandemic of COVID-19, and the results may be affected by the context; however, it represents the first economic evaluation of this rare ecosystem in Albania and Europe.

This paper explores the topic of preaching Islam in Albania, with a focus on the right way to do so. The study argues that religion is a set of principles sent by God to guide humanity towards happiness in this world and the next, and that a religion which does not produce results that enable man to become smarter leads to the loss of life values. Therefore, the preservation of faith, life, wealth, offspring and mind are the main objectives of religion. The study highlights that in the face of negative portrayals of Islam in the media, it is the duty of Muslim preachers to communicate the truth and inform their congregation about the true principles of Islam. The study uses Imam Ash-Shatibi's work to argue that the basic pillar of religion is the benefit of this life and the next, and therefore the study provides important insights into the role of preaching in contemporary society. The findings of this study have implications for the way in which Islam is practiced and preached in Albania and provide important guidance for those who wish to promote a positive and accurate understanding of Islam in the world today.

Kutsal kitaplar, insanlar arasındaki ilişkileri ve aile yapısını düzenleyen hukuki prensipleri içermektedir. Aile, her kutsal kitapta da çok önemli bir konudur ve insanların hayatındaki en temel birimlerden biridir. Kur'an-ı Kerim, aile kavramını Allah'ın insanlara lütfettiği bir nimet olarak tanımlar. İslam dininde evlilik, iki kişinin karşılıklı rızası ile gerçekleşen bir sözleşme olarak kabul edilir ve bu sözleşme tarafların birbirine karşı sorumluluklarını ve haklarını belirler. Ayrıca Kur'an-ı Kerim, aile içinde sevgi, saygı ve adaletin korunmasını vurgular.&#x0D; Kitab-ı Mukaddes ise aileyi, Tanrı'nın insanlara verdiği bir armağan olarak tanımlar. Kitap, evliliğin birlikte yaşamak, çocuk sahibi olmak, birbirine sadık kalmak ve birbirine yardım etmek anlamına geldiğini belirtir. Ayrıca Kitab-ı Mukaddes, aile içinde sevgi, saygı ve bağlılığın korunması gerektiğini vurgular. Her iki kitap da aile içindeki eşitlik ve adalet ilkesine büyük önem verir. Erkekler ve kadınlar arasında eşitlik prensibi kabul edilirken, her bir bireyin hakları ve sorumlulukları belirtilir. Ayrıca aile içinde çocukların korunması ve eğitimi de çok önemli bir konudur.&#x0D; Sonuç olarak, Kur'an-ı Kerim ve Kitab-ı Mukaddes, aile kavramını büyük bir saygı ve önemle ele alır ve insanların aile içinde sevgi, saygı ve adaletle birlikte yaşamasını öğütler.

Reading ability is a person's ability to understand written content and then manifest it by reciting it orally. The ability to read is the basis for developing one's language skills because Arabic is always related to Arabic texts. The problem found by researchers at Madrasah Diniyah Almunawarotul Banat is the need for students' ability to read and understand the contents of Arabic texts. This study aims to improve the reading skill (maharah qiraah) of fifth-grade students at Madrasah Diniyah Almunawarotul Banat in learning Arabic using the Strip Story method. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) that focuses on action research, which consists of two cycles, with the subject being fifth-grade students at Madrasah Diniyah Almunawarotul Banat, a total of 20 people. The results of this study indicate that the method of story strips can improve students' ability to read Arabic texts. In the first cycle, only a small number of students could read Arabic sentences, with an average of 66.5%. In the second cycle, almost 80% of students could read Arabic texts; judging from the average obtained, it was 75.45%.

Religion can be defined as a set of rules and principles sent by God to guide mankind to happinessin this world and the next. Religion enables people to apply high values that are hidden in their nature in orderto experience a unique enlightenment.Ideas that do not conform to religion in some ways are obviously one-dimensional and reduce thecapacity to explain existence as a whole. A religion, on the other hand, that does not produce results that enableman to become smarter leads to the loss of life values rather than the desired goal, namely the opening andovercoming of people's horizons.1According to the well-known Islamic scholar Imam Ash-Shatibij2, the basic pillar of the religion is thebenefit of this life and the next. Therefore, the preservation of faith, life, wealth, offspring and mind are themain objectives of religion.3 With the advent of mass media and transportation, the world has become a large"village". In such an environment, it is done easy to influence people, relying on the power and importance ofthe media. Given this fact, unfortunately, in many parts of the world, there have recently been attempts toportray Islam as a religion of terror. So, in the face of such a situation it is the duty of every Muslim preacherto communicate the truth and inform his audience (congregation) about the truths of Islam.