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Need of belonging, Mexican men's normative socialization, and machismo as the root of couple problems, the role of alcohol use, and intimate partner violence

This research aims to understand and describe the etiology and mechanisms that maintain the association between alcohol consumption and violence perpetrated by Mexican men against their female partners. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using the focus group technique, with the participation of 14 men recruited through a marketing campaign in social networks, all with a history of intimate partner violence and alcohol consumption (assessed using the AUDIT and a semi-structured questionnaire). The data analysis was done manually, based on grounded theory, and subjected to three triangulation types. According to the results, the etiology of the association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence is the inadequate satisfaction of the need for bonding (attachment), imposed by the normative socialization of being a man, culturally known as machismo; an association that is maintained mainly by emotional dysregulation, lack of cohabitation skills in couples and poor management of the family economy. The results bring to the table a well-known, but little-considered fact: both alcohol consumption and the exercise of violence are strongly influenced by culture, which makes it necessary to investigate the phenomenon, emphasizing the peculiarities of the population under study. These results can be considered an indicator of the components necessary to develop an intervention that addresses both variables in the Mexican population

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Need of belonging, Mexican men's normative socialization, and machismo as the root of couple problems, the role of alcohol use, and intimate partner violence

This research aims to understand and describe the etiology and mechanisms that maintain the association between alcohol consumption and violence perpetrated by Mexican men against their female partners. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using the focus group technique, with the participation of 14 men recruited through a marketing campaign in social networks, all with a history of intimate partner violence and alcohol consumption (assessed using the AUDIT and a semi-structured questionnaire). The data analysis was done manually, based on grounded theory, and subjected to three triangulation types. According to the results, the etiology of the association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence is the inadequate satisfaction of the need for bonding (attachment), imposed by the normative socialization of being a man, culturally known as machismo; an association that is maintained mainly by emotional dysregulation, lack of cohabitation skills in couples and poor management of the family economy. The results bring to the table a well-known, but little-considered fact: both alcohol consumption and the exercise of violence are strongly influenced by culture, which makes it necessary to investigate the phenomenon, emphasizing the peculiarities of the population under study. These results can be considered an indicator of the components necessary to develop an intervention that addresses both variables in the Mexican population

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Peer Support in Behavioral Health care: why it can work in the Latinx context

Las personas de origenes latinoamericanos son menos propensas a comprometerse con el cuidado de salud mental y la participación en servicios de salud mental, comparado a otros grupos raciales y étnicos. Las bajas tasas de participación en servicios de salud mental en parte de la comunidad Latinx en los Estados Unidos (EE. UU.) se puede atribuir parcialmente alfuncionamiento de los sistemas de cuidado, los cuales no son sensibles a la cultura Latinx o al español como lengua. Las Investigaciones han demostrado que intervenciones centradas en la cultura, que promueven los valores culturales de la comunidad Latinx, informan una mayor participación y satisfacción en el tratamiento y los servicios de salud mental. Un enfoque efectivo, informado por la cultura, que puede mejorar la participación de la comunidad Latinx en servicios de salud mental es el apoyo de compañerxs. En el enfoque de apoyo de pares, se contrata a personas con experiencias vividas en salud mental y adicciones como compañeros de apoyo para ayudar a quienes han vivido experiencias similares. Los estudios de investigación que miden la efectividad de los enfoques de apoyo entre pares han mostrado mejoras en las vidas de quienes reciben el apoyo, ayudando con el sentido de esperanza, calidad de vida, y bienestar. Los resultados también han demostrado disminución de hospitalizaciones, visitas a la sala de emergencia y menor uso de sustancias y participación en actividades criminales. El apoyo entre compañerxs en el contexto Latinx parece un ajuste natural dados sus valores colectivos compartidos (p. ej., simpatía, personalismo, respeto, confianza, familismo). Este articulo discute como los valores de apoyo entre compañerxs se relacionan con los valores colectivistas; y como se pueden infundir más los valores Latinx en el entrenamiento, desarrollo y supervisión de los compañerxs de apoyo para mejorar el cuidado de salud mental informado por la cultura.

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Learning and Teaching Latino Mental Health, Social Justice and Recovery to Visiting Students: A Pilot Study

Almost 18% of the U.S. population is estimated to be Hispanic (United States Census Bureau, 2019), and of that, 15% had a diagnosable mental illness in the past year (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020); still, Latinos receive half as often mental health services compared to Caucasians (Office of Mental Health, 2020). Evidence suggests that minority ethnic groups may receive more inferior care standards due to biased beliefs or attitudes held by health professionals (Shepherd et al., 2018). The number of Latino Psychiatrists is not enough to care for the on-growing Latino population in the U.S. (Alarcón, 2001; American Psychiatric Association, 2017). There is a need to train medical students and residents in cultural competencies pertained to the Latino Culture and Health Services (Alarcón, 2001). We developed a pilot study of a curriculum created by Latino bilingual and bicultural mental health providers. The course lessons include (a) Health Disparities and Implicit Bias, (b) Recovery in Mental Health, (c) Immigration and Acculturation, (d) Cultural Formulation Interview, (e) Latino Values, and (f) Mental Health Systems. All topics focused on Latino Mental Health and used the “reverse classroom” teaching technique with interactive exercises. We measured the impact on knowledge, attitudes, and comfort level related to the concept taught in the lessons of this course. Teaching Latino Mental Health has a positive impact on improving the comfort level and knowledge of students. Nevertheless, there are not enough educational opportunities and information about these topics. Therefore, replicating this curriculum and expanding the education in Latino Mental Health will improve the health services provided to this community.

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Learning and Teaching Latino Mental Health, Social Justice and Recovery to Visiting Students: A Pilot Study

Almost 18% of the U.S. population is estimated to be Hispanic (United States Census Bureau, 2019), and of that, 15% had a diagnosable mental illness in the past year (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020); still, Latinos receive half as often mental health services compared to Caucasians (Office of Mental Health, 2020). Evidence suggests that minority ethnic groups may receive more inferior care standards due to biased beliefs or attitudes held by health professionals (Shepherd et al., 2018). The number of Latino Psychiatrists is not enough to care for the on-growing Latino population in the U.S. (Alarcón, 2001; American Psychiatric Association, 2017). There is a need to train medical students and residents in cultural competencies pertained to the Latino Culture and Health Services (Alarcón, 2001). We developed a pilot study of a curriculum created by Latino bilingual and bicultural mental health providers. The course lessons include (a) Health Disparities and Implicit Bias, (b) Recovery in Mental Health, (c) Immigration and Acculturation, (d) Cultural Formulation Interview, (e) Latino Values, and (f) Mental Health Systems. All topics focused on Latino Mental Health and used the “reverse classroom” teaching technique with interactive exercises. We measured the impact on knowledge, attitudes, and comfort level related to the concept taught in the lessons of this course. Teaching Latino Mental Health has a positive impact on improving the comfort level and knowledge of students. Nevertheless, there are not enough educational opportunities and information about these topics. Therefore, replicating this curriculum and expanding the education in Latino Mental Health will improve the health services provided to this community.

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Utility of a multidimensional recovery framework in understanding lived experiences of Chilean and Brazilian mental health service users

La comprensión y aplicación del concepto de recuperación, a pesar de sus posibles beneficios para los servicios de salud mental, aún se encuentra en incipiente desarrollo en América Latina. Si bien la reforma psiquiátrica en la región ha tenido algunos avances, el marco de la recuperación no ha sido suficientemente explorado. Whitley y Drake (2010) sugirieron un marco conceptual integral para la recuperación que incluye cinco dimensiones: clínica, existencial, funcional, física y social. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar las perspectivas de los usuarios chilenos y brasileños sobre la recuperación identificando su adscripción y aplicabilidad de estas cinco dimensiones. Se entrevistó a treinta participantes de la Intervención en Momento Crítico-Delegación de Funciones (CTI-TS) realizada en Santiago (Chile) y en Río de Janeiro (Brasil) sobre sus experiencias de recuperación. Se exploró la aplicabilidad del marco de Whitley y Drake al contexto de Chile y de Brasil. Los resultados mostraron que: 1. El marco era aplicable a esta población; 2. Las dimensiones presentaban un tipo particular de entrelazamiento y estaban influenciadas por una serie de procesos tales como la continuidad en el proceso de atención/cuidado/autocuidado, y sobresalía la funcionalidad y la esfera social; 3. Los valores culturales, el estigma y los determinantes sociales emergieron como factores cruciales que afectan el tratamiento y la recuperación. Se propuso una reinterpretación del esquema referencial. Los hallazgos representan un aporte a la literatura internacional sobre recuperación al aumentar la validez de este marco referencial multidimensional y su aplicabilidad a diversas poblaciones.

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