Abstract Objectives The primary objectives of this research were to examine the prognostic significance of the albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) in patients who have undergone surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to develop an easily implementable predictive model with clinical utility. Methods The present study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 414 patients who underwent R0 resection after being diagnosed with stage I–III ESCC. The prognostic value of AFR was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and COX proportional risk regression modeling, and the effectiveness of AFR compared with other inflammatory markers was evaluated. Additionally, a nomogram prediction model was developed, and its accuracy was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves. Results AFR was significantly correlated with tumor length, T-stage, N-stage, pathological stage, and vascular infiltration (p<0.05 for all). The multivariate analysis results demonstrated that AFR was an independent prognostic factor that affected patient outcomes, whereas other inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers did not. Furthermore, the overall C-index of the nomogram risk prediction model was 0.737 (95 %-CI: 0.700–0.776). The calibration curves showed that the 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities predicted by the nomogram were consistent with actual observations. Moreover, the DCA and ROC curves showed that our model had better clinical utility. Conclusions Preoperative AFR, a clinical indicator based on inflammation and nutrition, plays a clear role in the predictions of patient prognosis. The prognostic prediction model incorporating pathological factors and AFR demonstrates simplicity, efficacy, and exceptional accuracy.

Segala sesuatu dalam Islam diatur dengan baik, termasuk etika makan. Makan memberikan energi dan kekuatan, tetapi banyak orang tidak memperhatikan tata cara makan yang benar. Penelitian ini membahas makan dengan posisi duduk bersandar dalam hadis Nabi Muhammad SAW dan dampaknya menurut ilmu kesehatan. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang makan dengan posisi duduk bersandar berdasarkan hadis serta dampaknya menurut ilmu kesehatan, sehingga meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya kesehatan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari kitab hadis, buku, jurnal, dan penelitian terkait. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memahami kondisi serta isi dari hadis-hadis yang membahas makan sambil bersandar, menganalisis dampak kesehatan dari kebiasaan makan sambil bersandar, serta mengevaluasi relevansi dan penerapan adab makan tanpa bersandar dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari, memberikan panduan praktis bagi umat Islam dalam menerapkan etika makan yang baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hadis tentang makan dengan posisi duduk bersandar memiliki derajat shohih, dan ada yang dho’if dan menurut ulama, makan dengan posisi tersebut dihukumi makruh karena menggambarkan kesombongan. Selain itu, makan dengan posisi ini juga tidak baik bagi kesehatan, terutama pada kesehatan pencernaan. Kata Kunci: Etika makan, Hadis, Duduk Bersandar, Dampak Kesehatan, Kesehatan Pencernaan.

Purpose The current investigation is concerned with the Soret effect along with chemical reaction and radiation on flow of an electrically conductive, viscous fluid through a perpendicular plate, which is porous with oscillatory suction. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of first-order temperature and chemical reaction and the transverse magnetic field characteristics. The closed form of solutions are obtained using the governing equations for concentration, energy and momentum. The perturbation technique was applied to find the result for the velocity field, temperature profiles and concentration distributions. Furthermore, the impact of various nondimensional parameters on fluid flow variables on the temperature field, velocity field and concentration dispersal was analyzed and the results were depicted graphically. Moreover, the skin friction and the rate of mass transfer (local Sherwood number) were analyzed using tables. In this work, an unsteady 2D flow of a laminar, viscid (Newtonian), electrically conducting fluid across a semi-infinite perpendicular permeable plate under motion in its plane (x-axis) embedded in a constant permeable structure was investigated. Design/methodology/approach In this work, an unstable 2D flow of a laminar, viscid (Newtonian), electrically conducting fluid across a semi-limitless perpendicular permeable plate under motion in its plane (x-axis) embedded in a constant permeable structure was investigated. The medium is considered to be under a transverse magnetic field with concentrated buoyancy effects. Furthermore, it is considered that no voltage is supplied, which indicates that there is no electrical field. The fluid properties are considered to be uniform. The concentration of the imparting species is considered as C′w at the plate; the concentration of the specimens away from the wall, C′8, is considered to be limitlessly less. The first-order chemical reaction is considered to be seen in the flow. Due to the semi-limitless plane surface considerations, the flow parameters are the functions of y′ and the time t′ only. The oscillatory suction velocity of the fluid at the plate normal to it is v′; initially, the plate relocates with the oscillatory velocity u′, in the direction of x that is in its plane. The pressure gradient is toward the x-axis. Findings The analytical solutions were obtained using the above analytical method for a few values of the governing parameters, such as the magnetic parameter (M), the permeability parameter (K), Schmidt number (Sc), chemical reaction parameter (Kr), Grashoff number for the concentration (Gm), Radiation parameter (N), Prandtl number (Pr), Chemical reaction parameter (Kr), Grashof number for heat transfer (Gr) and Heat source parameter (s). The influence of M, K, Sc, Kr, Gm, N, Pr, Kr, Gr and s on the fluid velocity, temperature and the concentration over the semi-infinite porous plate was obtained. Furthermore, the numerical computation was carried out using MATLAB. Originality/value In this chapter, the analysis of a free convective flow of a viscid compact, electrically conductive fluid was discussed during its flow through a plate in permeable condition with oscillatory suction with first-order temperature and chemical reaction and the transverse magnetic field. The problem formulation and the results were discussed. The following chapter explain the Soret effect of mass transfer and radiation with heat source on magnetohydrodynamics oscillatory viscoelastic fluid in a channel filled with porous medium.

Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in healthy plant tissues without causing damage. Several studies have reported that endophytic bacteria can produce active compounds similar to those secreted by their host and which potentially have medicinal value. Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) was noted to be able to produce antioxidants and have toxicity potential from its compounds. Therefore, endophytic bacteria from butterfly pea have great potential to have antioxidant activity along with evaluating the toxicity level of the selected bacteria. This study aimed to determine the number of isolates, to characterize, and test the toxicity and antioxidant activities of endophytic bacteria from butterfly pea. Toxicity level was tested using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method while levels of antioxidants were tested using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. A total of fifteen endophytic bacteria were obtained and successfully purified. Based on the morphological observations, Gram staining, and biochemical test results, isolate EBT13 was determined to belong to the genus Bacillus. Isolate EBT13 was categorized as highly toxic, with the highest toxicity value with other bacterial isolates with an LC50 of 84 ppm and antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 44.32 ppm. Based on the phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene analysis, EBT13 belongs to the genus Bacillus, it forms a sister group with Bacillus pumilus with a bootstrap value of 100%. This study advances our knowledge of plant-microbe interactions by identifying a highly toxic, antioxidant-producing strain of bacteria of butterfly pea. The results have significance for the development of cytotoxic chemicals and natural antioxidants, which could advance biotechnological research and boost therapeutic purpose.

Pediatric middle ear cholesteatoma is an aggressive keratotic lesion caused by abnormal proliferation of keratinised squamous epithelium in the temporal bone, with the characteristics of high postoperative recurrence rate, poor hearing effect and poor quality of life. Endoscopic surgery is able to deal with the majority of pediatric middle ear cholesteatoma cases with the features of minimal trauma and wide surgical field. However, endoscopic surgical treatment still has problems in standardization. In order to facilitate the development of endoscopic surgery for pediatric middle ear cholesteatoma, experts of the Endoscopic Ear Surgery Expert Committee and the Youth Committee of the Otorhinolaryngology Professional Committee, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine discussed and formulated recommendations for the selection of endoscopic surgical and functional reconstruction methods of pediatric middle ear cholesteatoma based on the classification of cholesteatoma location in line with the clinical research results and diagnosis and treatment experience at home and abroad, aiming to provide guidance for the development of endoscopic surgery in pediatric setting.

Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant attention in the photovoltaic community due to their exceptional performance, cost-effective manufacturing, and potential for diverse optoelectronic applications. Despite their promise, maintaining the operational stability of PSCs remains a critical challenge. In recent years, nanostructured materials, particularly two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and their 2D/3D heterojunction combinations, have emerged as innovative solutions to enhance PSCs’ stability and photovoltaic efficiency. This review examines recent advancements in PSCs utilizing these materials. It begins with an introduction to the fundamentals of perovskite-based photovoltaics and progresses to analyzing the role of 2D, 3D, and 2D/3D materials in optimizing PSC components. Key challenges in this field are also highlighted, alongside innovative strategies to overcome them, thus providing insights into the future direction of PSC technology.

Purpose Develop a conceptual model for the training of Chilean engineers in the construction field that considers the facultative symbiosis between sustainable construction (SC) and nature-based solutions (NBS). Design/methodology/approach This study aims to develop conceptual model for the training of Chilean engineers in the construction field that considers the facultative symbiosis between sustainable construction (SC) and nature-based solutions (NBS). Bibliographic data linked to the complete collection of 7,163 articles published between 2011 and 2022 were extracted from Web of Science and Scopus for BA utilizing VOSviewer software. Findings A conceptual model for the education of engineers in SC and NBS was developed, based on Bloom’s taxonomy, initial knowledge and cross-cutting skills. This model includes four thematic clusters: green project management, green building, sustainable materials and bioengineering. Its development began with competencies and activities defined in systematic literature review (SLR), which were validated by engineering program directors and rated in the survey as “extremely important,” “very important” or “important.” Originality/value This research provides its readers with an extensive understanding of the salient research themes, trends and patterns for engineering education in SC and NBS. Furthermore, this research contributes to the development of clear guidelines for the rapid updating of training programs.