ZrO3 Ceramics Research Articles

Phase structure regulation and enhanced Curie temperature of (K,Na)NbO3-based piezoelectric ceramics

ABSTRACT (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) ceramics can achieve high piezoelectric properties under the action of polymorphic phase boundary (PPB), but their application is always limited by low Curie temperature (T c). In this work, a new system of lead‐free (1-x)K0.4Na0.6Nb0.96Sb0.04O3-xLi0.5Bi0.45La0.05ZrO3 (KNNS-xLBLZ) ceramics is first designed and prepared to search for good piezoelectric properties and high Curie temperature. The crystal structure, dielectric, piezoelectric, microstructure and conductivity of the system were systematically investigated. The analysis of the dielectric temperature dependence reveals that doping Li0.5Bi0.45La0.05ZrO3 increases rhombohedral-orthorhombic phase temperature (T R-O) and decreases orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperature (T O-T), and then achieves O-T phase coexistence at room temperature. In particular, a piezoelectric coefficient (d 33) of 320 pC/N and T c = 290°C are achieved at 0.02. Ceramics prepared by this ion doping and phase regulation method possess high d 33 and T c. These results show that KNNS-xLBLZ ceramics have great potential for application in high-temperature environments.

Rattler effect on the properties of multicomponent rare-earth-zirconate ceramics

Rattler effect caused by size disorder in the cation sublattice of rare-earth zirconates has been proved to be an effective way for the thermal conductivity reduction. Herein, a series of multicomponent ((La1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)1-xYbx)2Zr2O7 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) ceramics were synthesized, their structures and the influence of rattler effect on thermal conductivity were investigated. The increasing Yb3+ doping content causes the phase transformation from pyrochlore structure to fluorite structure. The dual-phase ((La1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)0.75Yb0.25)2Zr2O7 exhibits enhanced hardness owing to the small grain size of the dual-phase structure, which can effectively alleviate the stress to hinder deformation. Also, it has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion of 11.2 × 10−6/K (1200 °C). Since Yb3+ acts as active resonant scattering center, lower thermal conductivity of ((La1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)0.75Yb0.25)2Zr2O7 and ((La1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)0.5Yb0.5)2Zr2O7 caused by rattler effect makes them promising thermal barrier coatings.

Grain Growth Behavior and Electrical Properties of 0.96(K0.46-xNa0.54-x)Nb0.95Sb0.05O3-0.04Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5ZrO3 Ceramics.

This study investigated the causes of microstructural changes and the resultant electrical properties according to the sintering temperature of 0.96(K0.46−xNa0.54−x)Nb0.95Sb0.05O3-0.04Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5ZrO3 lead-free ceramics by analyzing the correlation between vacancy concentrations and 2D nucleation. When sintered for 4 h, no grain growth occurred for the x = 0.000 composition over a wide temperature range, demonstrating that the existence of initial vacancies is essential for grain growth. As x increased, that is, as the vacancy concentration increased, the critical driving force (ΔGC) for 2D nucleation decreased, and abnormal grain growth was promoted. The number and size of these abnormal grains increased as the sintering temperature increased, but at sintering temperatures above 1100 °C, they decreased again owing to a large drop in ΔGC. The x = 0.005 specimen sintered at 1085 °C exhibited excellent piezoelectric properties of d33 = 498 pC/N and kp = 0.45 due to the large number of large abnormal grains with an 83% tetragonal phase fraction. The x = 0.000 specimen sintered at 1130 °C with suppressed grain growth exhibited good energy storage properties because of its very high relative density and small grain size of 300 to 400 nm.

Complete set of ferro/piezoelectric properties of BaZrO3 and (Ba,Ca)ZrO3 doped KNLNS-based electroceramics

Full piezoelectric characterization of lead-free 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb0.93Sb0.07O3-0.04BaZrO3 (KNLNS0.07-BZ) and 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)0.95Li0.05Nb0.94Sb0.06O3-0.04Ba0.94Ca0.06ZrO3 (KNLNS0.06-BCZ) ceramics was carried out by complex impedance spectroscopy using different resonance modes. These piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state method. The microstructural results showed that the crystals present a cubic-like morphology. Structural and dielectric characterization demonstrated the existence of an orthorhombic-tetragonal (O-T) and a rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) polymorphic phase transitions in KNLNS0.06-BCZ and KNLNS0.07-BZ, respectively. The ferroelectric and thermal stability measurements evidenced that the O-T phase transition is stable at higher temperatures compared with the sample with R-T coexistence. Both compositions have high piezoelectric properties and some principal parameters obtained are: d33 = 408 pC/N, 347 pC/N; d31 = −141 pC/N, −113 pC/N; d15 = 304 pC/N, 224 pC/N; kp = 48%; kt = 38%, 47%; k15 = 44%, 46%; and Tc = 185 °C, 233 °C, for KNLNS0.07-BZ and KNLNS0.06-BCZ, respectively.

Effects of Er3+ doping on structure and thermal properties of (Sm1–xErx)2Zr2O7 ceramics for thermal barrier coating

Rare earth Er3+ doped (Sm1–xErx)2Zr2O7 (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) ceramic samples were synthesized using a solid state reaction method. The microstructure and thermal properties of these ceramics were investigated to evaluate their potential as thermal barrier coating materials. The results show that ceramics are compact with regular-shaped grains of 1–5 μm size. (Sm1–xErx)2Zr2O7 has a pyrochlore structure mainly determined by ionic radius ratio, but the ordering degree decreases with increase of the Er2O3 content. There is no phase transformation from 1000 to 1200 °C, and the (Sm1–xErx)2Zr2O7 ceramics exhibit excellent phase stability during thermal treatment at 1200 °C for 100 h and 1400 °C for 50 h. The thermal conductivities of dense (Sm1–xErx)2Zr2O7 ceramics range from 1.52 to 1.59 W/(m·K), which is lower than that of Sm2Zr2O7, and decrease as the Er2O3 content increases. Besides, the thermal expansion coefficient of (Sm1–xErx)2Zr2O7 is higher than that of Sm2Zr2O7.

Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Pr3+-Doped Ba0.5Ca0.5TixZr(1-x)O3 Perovskite Diphasic Ceramics Obtained by the Modified Pechini Method.

The Pr3+-doped solid solutions from (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 (BCTZO) system were successfully synthesized using an efficient and low-energy consuming route—the Pechini method combined with the sintering at relatively low temperature (1450 °C). The obtained materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dielectric properties were systematically studied. The Pr3+-doped BCTZO diphasic material generates intense and broad red photoluminescence (PL) emission at room temperature. The optical properties were significantly improved with the Ti4+ substitution by Zr4+ ions. As a result, the Pr3+-doped (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 ceramics is a promising candidate for environmentally friendly, multifunctional material by combining good dielectric and photoluminescent properties with prognosis for the manifestation of strong photoluminescent and mechanoluminescent effects.

Isothermal phase transition across phase boundary in (Pb0.95Ba0.05)ZrO3 ceramics

Paraelectric-ferroelectric-antiferroelectric (PE-FE-AFE) phase transitions induced by external stimulus (temperature, electric field, and hydrostatic pressure) usually produce exotic performances in functional ceramics. This Letter reports an isothermal phase transition in (Pb0.95Ba0.05)ZrO3 ceramics in the proximity of separated PE-FE and FE-AFE phase boundaries as extended waiting time. Through an isothermal process, PE (Pm3¯m)-to-FE (R3cH) and FE-to-AFE (Pbam) phase transformations occur within several minutes (with different transition degrees). This is in contrast to the wide recognition of ultrafast and time-independent ferroelectric transitions. In situ Raman spectra analysis unveils the sluggish growth of FE and AFE phases out of the corresponding parent matrix. Finally, the Landau theory analysis is proposed to explain the isothermal phase transition among PE-FE-AFE phases. This work will refresh the wisdom of phase transitions in functional ceramics.

Chelating agent size effect on thermal decomposition, phase formation and morphology characteristics of Y3+ doped Ba(Ce,Zr)O3 ceramics powder prepared by a sol-gel process

This present work reports the facile sol-gel synthesis of Y 3+ doped Ba(Ce,Zr)O 3 with composition of BaCe 0.54 Zr 0.36 Y 0.10 O 2.95 (BCZY). Series of six samples were prepared using various chelating agents namely citric acid (denoted as S1, 210 g/mol), tartaric acid (S2, 150 g/mol), glycolic acid (S3, 70 g/mol), nitriloacetic acid (S4, 191 g/mol), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (S5, 292 g/mol) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) (S6, 146 g/mol). The influence of chelating agents’ molecular weight ( M w ) and functional group on thermal decomposition, phase formation and morphology of BCZY were explored. The reaction products obtained after heat treatment were characterized by Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer. TGA along with FTIR analysis confirmed that the thermal decomposition of all samples achieved almost completion at processing temperature below 1000 °C. TGA verified the weight loss of intermediate compounds increased with an increase in the M w of the chelating agents in the following trend: S3 (28%) < S6 (35%) < S2 (40%) < S4 (90%) < S1 (93%) < S5 (95%). At calcination temperature of 1100 ° C, XRD pattern of all samples excluding S4 showed successful formation of single-phase BCZY crystals. The highest percentage (99.5%) of BCZY perovskite phase was achieved for S6. In contrast, S4 exhibited 57.5% secondary phase of BaCeO 3 and 42.5% BCZY, suggesting incomplete formation of the required perovskite phase. SEM revealed all calcined powders have similar morphology of clump-like network structure. The use of different types of chelating agents interacts with different atomic radius of metal cations resulted in the formation of Zr-cluster and Ce-cluster, suggesting the possible cause for the fluctuations observed in the EDX elemental composition of the calcined powders. • Six chelating agents were used to prepare BCZY composite using sol-gel method. • Amino-based chelating agent is effectively retarded the BaCO 3 formation. • TETA showed the highest total weight loss and perovskite phase percentage. • N -donor chelating agent favors a complete substitution of Zr 4+ at Ce 3+ sites.

Improved Non-Piezoelectric Electric Properties Based on La Modulated Ferroelectric-Ergodic Relaxor Transition in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-Ba(Ti, Zr)O3 Ceramics.

The characteristic transition from ferroelectric (FE) to ergodic relaxor (ER) state in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) based lead-free ceramics provides an efficient approach to bring a highly ordered phase back to a disordered one. It would be rational to utilize this transition to improve relevant non-piezoelectric properties based on domain decomposition. In this work, different La contents were introduced to 0.93(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.07Ba(Ti0.945Zr0.055)O3 ceramics (BNT-BZT-xLa) to induce evolution of ergodic degree. The results reveal that with increasing La content, both the FE-ER transition temperature TF-R and depolarization temperature Td shift towards room temperature, implying a deepened ergodic degree. By modulation of ergodic degree, thermally stimulated depolarization current experiment shows a higher current density peak, and corresponding pyroelectric coefficient increases from 2.46 to 2.81 μC/(cm2∙°C) at Td. For refrigeration, the indirect measurement demonstrates the ΔT maximum increases from 1.1 K to 1.4 K, indicating an enhanced electrocaloric effect. Moreover, the optimized energy storage effect is observed after La doping. With appearance of “slimmer” P-E loops, both calculated recoverable energy storage density Wrec and storage efficiency η increase to 0.23 J/cm3 and 22.8%, respectively. These results denote La doping conduces to the improvement of non-piezoelectric properties of BNT-based ceramics in a certain range. Therefore, La doping should be an adopted modification strategy for lead-free ceramics used in areas like refrigerator and pulse capacitors.

Graceful behavior during CMAS corrosion of a high-entropy rare-earth zirconate for thermal barrier coating material

The corrosion resistance to calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicates (CMAS) is critically important for the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). High-entropy zirconate (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 (HEZ) ceramics with low thermal conductivity, high coefficient of thermal expansion and good durability to thermal shock is expected to be a good candidate for the next-generation TBCs. In this work, the CMAS corrosion of HEZ at 1300°C was firstly investigated and compared with the well-studied La2Zr2O7 (LZ). It is found that the HEZ ceramics showed a graceful behavior to CMAS corrosion, obviously much better than the LZ ceramics. The HEZ suffered from CMAS corrosion only through dissolution and re-precipitation, while additional grain boundary corrosion existed in the LZ system. The precipitated high-entropy apatite showed fine-grained structure, resulting in a reaction layer without cracks. This study reveals that HEZ is a promising candidate for TBCs with extreme resistance to CMAS corrosion.

One simple approach, two remarkable enhancements: Manipulating defect dipoles and local stress of (K, Na)NbO3-based ceramics

Although the composition-driven multi-phase coexistence strategy has been widely used to modify the piezoelectric properties of potassium sodium niobate ((K, Na)NbO3, KNN) based ceramics, the trade-off between long-range ferroelectric ordering and chemical additives-induced disorder hinders the further improvement of piezoelectricity and makes the electric field-induced strain temperature-dependent. Herein, to resolve two issues, we proposed a new concept, that is, manipulating defect dipoles and local stress of a pre-constructed multi-phase coexistence through controlling zirconium (Zr) content. We validated the new concept by designing 0.96(K0.4Na0.6)Nb0.955Sb0.045O3-0.04(Bi0.5Na0.5)Zr(1+x)O3 ceramics. In samples with Zr deficiency (i.e., x=-0.1), we obtained high retention of 91% in normalized unipolar strain (Suni) over the temperature range of 30-160 °C, even under low electric fields of 10-20 kV/cm, superior to those of other representative KNN-based ceramics. In samples with slight Zr excess (i.e., x=0.07), we achieved an increase in direct piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and converse piezoelectric coefficient (d33*) by 12% and 25%, respectively, in comparison with that at x=0. The enhanced temperature stability stems from the released domain walls that are pinned by defect dipoles, and the increased d33 (and d33*) originates from the synergetic contributions of the multi-phase coexistence, increased grain size, and stabilization of the ZrO2 secondary phase. Therefore, our new concept would benefit the composition design and performance improvement of KNN-based ceramics in the future.

Enhanced piezoelectric properties of (1-x)(K0.5,Na0.5)(Nb0.97Sb0.03)O3-x(Bi0.5Ca0.5)ZrO3 ceramics through the establishment of polymorphic phase boundary

(1-x)(K0.5,Na0.5)(Nb0.97Sb0.03)O3-x(Bi0.5Ca0.5)ZrO3 [(1-x)KNNS-xBCZ] lead free piezoelectric ceramics with excellent electrical properties were successfully fabricated through the conventional solid-state reaction method. The relationship between (Bi0.5Ca0.5)ZrO3 content and their phase structure, microstructure, piezoelectric properties, dielectric properties and ferroelectric properties were systematically studied. The results show that the unmodified KNN-based ceramics are orthorhombic phase and tetragonal phase appears after the introduction of BCZ and demonstrate that the O-T polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) was formed in 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.04. Benefiting from the construction of the PPB, a large piezoelectric coefficient (d33 ~ 303 pC/N), dielectric constant (εr ~ 7158) and a high Curie temperature (TC ~ 340 °C) were achieved in the ceramics with x = 0.02. The coexistence of O-T phases promotes the motion of domain walls, which is the fundamental reason for the improvement of piezoelectric properties. The ceramics demonstrated remarkable piezoelectric properties and high Curie temperature (TC ~ 340 °C), which are promising candidates for practical application to eliminate the Pb-based piezoelectric ceramics from the market.

Crystal Structure and Electrical Characteristics of (0.965)(Li0.03(Na0.5K0.5)0.97)(Nb1−xSbx)O3−0.035(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.9(Sr)0.1ZrO3 Ceramics Doped with CuO, B2O3, and ZnO

Recently, the need has arisen to enhance the piezoelectric properties and temperature stability of (Na,K)NbO3 system ceramics. The (0.965)(Li0.03(Na0.5K0.5)0.97)(Nb1−xSbx)O3−0.035 (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.9(Sr)0.1ZrO3 ceramics were newly manufactured using the sintering aids of CuO, B2O3, and ZnO as a function of antimony substitution, and the their crystal structure and electrical characteristics were analyzed. The grain size was apparently refined as the amount of antimony increased. The dielectric constant was enhanced and Curie temperature was decreased due to the content of the antimony substitution. The x = 0.07 sample sintered at 1060 °C presented the best electrical characteristics, which were bulk density = 4.488 g/cm3, piezoelectric constant d33 = 330 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor kp = 0.427, mechanical coupling factor Qm = 61, and dielectric constant εr = 2521. We believe that the x = 0.07 sample is the best material for piezoelectric speakers.

Effect of zirconium non-stoichiometry on phase structure and electrical properties of (K,Na)(Nb,Sb)O3-(Bi,Na)ZrO3 ceramics

As dopant, (Bi0.5Na0.5)ZrO3 can significantly enhance electrical properties of KNN ceramics. However, certain issues in (K,Na)(Nb,Sb)O3-(Bi,Na)ZrO3 ceramics are still not well understood, one of which is the effect of zirconium non-stoichiometry on its electrical behaviors. Herein, 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3-0.04(Bi0.5Na0.5)Zr1+xO3 (x = -0.02, -0.05, 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08) ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering. The effect of zirconium ions non-stoichiometry on phase structure, domain structure and electrical behavior was explored. All ceramics had a pure perovskite structure with rhombohedral phase. The piezoelectric coefficient d33, remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive electric field (EC) reach the maximum (d33 = 351 pC/N, EC= 10.77 kV/cm and Pr = 24.26 μC/cm2) with x = 0.05. The results showed that the electric properties of the studied system can be significantly affects by trace zirconium. The appropriate excess of zirconium element would increase the concentration of oxygen vacancy, which could enhance the pinning effect of the domain walls and increase EC and Pr correspondingly. The domain structure characterized by PFM technology further confirms the macroscopic results. Moreover, a defect switching model was proposed to probe into the effect of defects on their performances. Thus, it is believed that this work would provide a new strategy for further optimizing the comprehensive properties of binary or multivariate KNN-based ceramics.

Evolution of domain structure in 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O30.04(Bi0.50Na0.50)ZrO3 ceramics with poling and temperature

Domain structure often has significant influences on both piezoelectric properties and piezoelectric temperature stability of a ferroelectric ceramic. In-depth studies on the characters of domain structure should be helpful for the better understanding of piezoelectric performance. In this work, the evolution of domain structure in large-d33 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3−0.04(Bi0.50Na0.50)ZrO3 ceramics with poling and temperature was systematically investigated via comparing the various domain patterns that are obtained by acid-etching. It was found that domain structure changes greatly upon poling and varies largely with temperature. Complex domain patterns consisting of long narrow parallel stripes or herringbone structure separated by 180°-domain boundaries are observed in the unpoled ceramics at room temperature. Domain patterns become less complicated upon poling, due to the collective polarization reversals of parallel-stripe domain clusters and banded fine-stripe domain segments. Parallel stripes and herringbone bands become much wider upon poling, as some narrow stripes and herringbone bands coalesce into broad ones, respectively. Hierarchical domain structure is commonly seen in the domain patterns acid-etched at room temperature, but is less frequently recognized at elevated temperatures. Schematic models of domain configurations were proposed to explain the domain structure and its evolution with poling.

Enhanced piezoelectric and energy storage performance of 0.96(K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3–0.04Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5ZrO3 ceramics using two-step sintering method

Enhanced piezoelectric and energy storage performance of 0.96(K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3–0.04Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5ZrO3 ceramics using two-step sintering method

Microstructure and Piezoelectric Properties of 0.97(Na, K, Li)(Nb, Sb, Ta)O₃-0.03(Bi, Na, Sr)ZrO₃ Ceramics Doped with Boron Oxide for Piezoelectric Actuator.

In this study, with the motivation of developing low temperature sintered Pb-free ceramics for use in piezoelectric actuators, 0.97(Na0.52K0.443Li0.037)(Nb0.923Sb0.04Ta0.037)O₃ - 0.03 (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.9 (Sr)0.1ZrO₃ ceramics were manufactured and their piezoelectric properties analyzed. All specimens doped with boron oxide showed a typical pure perovskite structure. The ceramics with x = 0.1 composition showed a co-existence of R-T phases. When boron oxide is doped at 0.1 wt%, excellent physical properties of d33 = 270 pC/N εr = 1386, kp = 0.416, and Qm = 130 were obtained making the ceramic ideal for use in piezoelectric actuators.

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 0.965(Na0.5K0.5)0.97Li 0.03(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3-0.035(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.9(Sr)0.1ZrO3 ceramics with CuO addition

Recently, piezoelectric speakers have been widely researched for smartphone application. Accrordingly, in this study, in order to develop the low temperature sintering Pb-free ceramics, the 0.965(Na0.5K0.5)0.97Li0.03(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3-0.035(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.9(Sr)0.1ZrO3 ceramics for these devices were manufactured as a function of CuO addition and the their physical properties were investigated. At the manufactured ceramics, the coexistence phases of rhombohedral and tetragonal(R-T) phase were appeared. An average grain size of the specimen increased according to the increase of CuO addition until 1.5 mol% due to the formation of a liquid phase. The composition ceramics added with 2 mol% CuO showed the excellent physical properties of density = 4.496g/cm3, kp = 0.391, Qm = 88, εr = 1705, and d33 = 241pC/N. These results show that the ceramics added with 2 mol% CuO is an attractive candidate for lead-free piezoelectric actuator application.

High-temperature and long-term stability of Ho-doped potassium sodium niobate-based multifunctional ceramics

In this study, we synthesized lead-free 0.975(K0.4Na0.6)0.985Li0.015(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3−0.025 (Bi1−xHox)0.5Na0.5ZrO3 (KNLNS−2.5Bi1−xHoxNZ) ceramics with excellent temperature stability and temperature-independent fatigue-free behavior. The doping with Ho3+ ions induced the phase transition from the coexisting orthorhombic (O) − tetragonal (T) crystal phase into pure T symmetry, increasing the T:O ratio. The large-signal piezoelectric constant, d33*, of the synthesized KNLNS−2.5Bi1−xHoxNZ ceramics is almost constant in the temperature range from 30 to 120 °C. In-situ dielectric permittivity measurement indicated that the O − T phase transition becomes more diffuse in the electrical field, contributing to improved thermal stability. Furthermore, the Ho-doped ceramics exhibited a fatigue-free behavior regardless of the temperature, rendering these materials promising for actuator applications. Besides, the Ho-modified ceramics showed excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties with strong green light emission upon 453 nm visible light excitation. Polarization- and temperature-induced PL quenching behaviors were observed. These changes may originate from the electric field- or temperature-induced phase transitions from the mixed O − T to pure T crystal symmetry. These excellent and reliable electrical and photoluminescent properties reflect the great potential of the synthesized ceramics for applications in multifunctional devices.

Electrical Properties of Force Feedback Piezoelectric Actuator Using (Na,K)(Nb,Sb)O3–(Bi,Na)ZrO3 Ceramics

In this study, for developing the multilayer piezoelectric actuator, the (Na,K)(Nb,Sb)O3–(Bi,Na)ZrO3 ceramics were manufactured and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated. The manufactured ceramics showed the excellent physical properties: density = 4.56 g/cm2, kp = 0.47, Qm = 50, er = 1944, and d33 = 313 pC/N, suitable for piezoelectric actuator. The properties of the piezoelectric actuators are as follows: at the average size of 30.47 mm $$\times$$ 17.92 mm $$\times$$ 1.0 mm, resonance frequency fr = 69.87 kHz, anti-resonance frequency fa = 71.20 kHz, kp = 0.22, d33 = 1120 pC/N were appeared, respectively. The three piezoelectric actuators connected in parallel showed the high vibration acceleration of 2.0G at 580 Hz under 70 V, suitable for the force feedback actuator.