Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Datura stramonium leaf extracts and investigate the antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains.

Preliminary evaluation of surface functional properties of chitosan films reinforced with TiO₂ or ZnO nanoparticles

This study addresses the growing environmental challenge posed by dyes, which are highly persistent and toxic contaminants that require advanced and sustainable treatment technologies. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized through a green processing route using Rosa gallica extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. By varying the extract concentration (2–8% w / v ), the synthesis conditions were optimized, enabling the establishment of clear processing-structure-property relationships. XRD confirmed the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite phase, while FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis, and photoluminescence analyses demonstrated that increasing the extract concentration led to smaller nanoparticle sizes (from 26 to 11 nm), improved size uniformity, and noticeable modifications in optical behavior consistent with quantum confinement effects. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized ZnO NPs was evaluated against six model dyes, including azo and cationic dyes. The results demonstrated that both extract concentration and the dye molecular structure strongly influence degradation efficiency. Among the samples, ZnO/RC8 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving degradation efficiencies of 78–99% for azo dyes and 93–96% for cationic dyes under UV irradiation. These findings highlight the potential of green-synthesized ZnO nanomaterials as functional photocatalysts with tunable properties for environmental applications. • Green synthesis enabled tunable structure-property control in ZnO nanoparticles. • Rosa gallica extract modulated ZnO crystallite size, defects, and optical behavior. • Structure-property variations dictated degradation of azo and cationic dyes. • ZnO/RC8 from the highest extract concentration delivered the best photocatalytic performance.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles in smart agricultural fertilization: Current developments and future perspectives

Sustainable green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for antimicrobial and anticancer applications.

Recent advances in zinc oxide nanostructures: Synthesis methods, doping Effects, Structural properties and emerging applications

Green synthesis of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles from edible mushrooms: Characterization and evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities

The pursuit of eco-friendly nanomaterials with both antibacterial and anticancer properties is gaining momentum in biomedical research. This study reports the green synthesis of Silver and Zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite using Coleus amboinicus leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Characterization via UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption peaks at approximately 280 nm and 370 nm, indicative of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. FTIR analysis identified phytochemical-derived functional groups responsible for particle stabilization, while SEM imaging showed agglomerated nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 100 to 150 nm. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanocomposites. The biosynthesized Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains including Enterococcus faecalis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , MRSA, and Klebsiella pneumoniae , with significant zones of inhibition observed at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. Furthermore, the nanocomposite displayed promising anticancer activity against A549 lung cancer cells, achieving an IC₅₀ of 60 μg/mL after 24 h, as determined by MTT assay. Morphological features of apoptosis, such as membrane blebbing and nuclear condensation, were observed, while AO/EtBr, DCFDA, and Rhodamine 123 staining confirmed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings suggest a ROS mediated mechanism underlying the dual antibacterial and anticancer activities of the Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. This green synthesis approach provides a sustainable strategy for developing multifunctional nanomaterials, although further in vivo studies are required to confirm efficacy and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved for future therapeutic applications. • Green synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanocomposite using Camboinicus leaf extract • Potent activity against MDR bacteria at 80 μg/mL concentration • Anticancer efficacy against A549 lung cancer cells • ROS-mediated mechanism confirmed via multiple fluorescence staining assays.

An integrated computational study combining density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism of acetaminophen on Copper Oxide (CuO) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in aqueous media. The global electronic descriptors of the optimized adsorption complexes show clear differences. CuO/acetaminophen exhibits E HOMO = −7.33, E LUMO = −6.87 (ΔEgap = 0.461 eV), low chemical hardness (η = 0.23), high softness (S = 4.33) and very large electrophilicity (ω = 109.35). In contrast, ZnO/acetaminophen has E HOMO = −5.76, E LUMO = −0.92 (ΔE gap = 4.84 eV), η = 2.42, S = 0.41 and ω = 2.30, indicating CuO as a much stronger electron acceptor. Fukui and MEP maps identify the carbonyl (O11) and phenolic (O7) oxygens as primary donors (O11 f − = 0.1398, f + = 0.0866, f° = 0.2264). NBO analysis reveals larger donor → acceptor stabilization for CuO (E 2 = 37.7 kcal/mol) than ZnO (E 2 = 8.5 kcal/mol), consistent with significant LP(O/N) → metal charge-transfer on CuO. MD simulations corroborate stronger binding on CuO (E ads = −276 to −277.6 kcal/mol) than ZnO (−219 to −230 kcal/mol) over 290-318 K. Energy decomposition shows that (E deformation = −182 to −186 kcal/mol) dominates stabilization in both systems, while CuO displays a much larger E rigid (−93 to −95 kcal/mol) than ZnO (−36 to −45 kcal/mol). RDFs and non-bonded decomposition indicate short range, electrostatic coordination bonding on CuO (1.9–2.0 Å), and longer-range, dispersion H-bonding dominated contacts on ZnO (> 3.5 Å). These descriptors support a mechanism in which CuO favors charge transfer coordination (chemisorption), while ZnO favors relaxation assisted physisorption. This could guide the development of practical adsorbents for water treatment. CuO for strong sequestration and ZnO for reversible capture. • Mechanistic Contrast. • Electronic Structure Drivers. • Primary Adsorption Sites. • Stronger Binding to CuO. • Charge Transfer Evidence. • Practical Implications for Water Treatment.

Isoelectronic Mn and Te doping-induced band gap engineering and white-light emission in ZnO nanoparticles

Multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/quercetin-ZnO nanofiber composites: Synergistic interplay of bioactivity, conductivity, and surface engineering.

Fabrication, characterisation and antimicrobial application of the ZnO@fGO nanocomposite

Novel observation of SEIRA and SERS in aluminum-doped ZnO–BSA protein corona complexes

Assessing the ecological risks of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles to black sea picophytoplankton.

High performance UV-protection properties of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles by eco-friendly synthesis using Elaeis guineensis Jacq extract

Critical perspective review on green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Explored wurtzite phase, characterization and real world applications

Phycologically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles: Enhancing growth, nutrition, biochemical efficiency, and silk quality in the Bombyx mori L.

Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using seagrasses Halodule uninervis and Syringodium isoetifolium against HepG2 cell line

Retraction notice to "Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Sida acuta leaf extract for antibacterial and antioxidant applications, and catalytic degradation of dye through the use of convolutional neural network" [Environ. Res. 258 (2024) 119204

Protean bio-heterojunction nanoparticle coating for dynamically modulating diabetic microenvironment.