Zeotropic Research Articles

Performance evaluation of an auto-cascade refrigeration system using grey correlation theory and response surface methodology

This article focuses on evaluating and analyzing the performance of an autocascade refrigeration system with the zeotropic mixture of R600a/R1150/R14 refrigerants using grey correlation theory and response surface methodology (RSM). The correlation degree among various factors is analyzed using grey correlation theory. The interactive influences that have significant impacts on the six output parameters are illustrated, and a regression model is further validated by five confirmation parameters. The results show that the vapor quality of the evaporator outlet is the greatest factor that affecting the refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). However, the evaporation temperature has the greatest effect on compressor’s discharge temperature, pressure ratio, exergy destruction rates, and exergy efficiency. Lower vapor quality of the condenser outlet and condensation temperature can improve the performances of refrigerating capacity, COP, compressor’s discharge temperature, compression ratio, total exergy destruction rate, and exergy efficiency based on the RSM results. The random five groups of validation parameters indicate that the errors between the predicted modeling and calculation results are all less than 5%, demonstrating that the RSM model has good predictability. The results achieved in this work will assist in the optimizing analysis and the application of cryogenic refrigerators.

Study and application of the shift-temperature of heating fluid for zeotropic mixtures in organic Rankine cycle

The theoretical formulations of the shift-temperature of the heating fluid for zeotropic mixtures (Tshift) were derived when the pinch point was located at the evaporating bubble point and the working fluid inlet of the evaporator, respectively, which were applicable to dry, wet, and isentropic zeotropic mixtures. Tshift was corrected by the impact factor analysis and calculated exactly using the Dragonfly algorithm. The optimal zeotropic mixture was matched by comparing the heat source temperature(Tg, in) and Tshift. The results indicate that Tshift is a property of every zeotropic mixture and is related to the critical temperature, the evaporation bubble point temperature, and the condensation dew point temperature. When the pinch point is at the evaporation bubble point, the zeotropic mixture with Tshift lower than Tg, in is selected and then combined with the thermal efficiency for a comprehensive evaluation. When the pinch point is at the working fluid inlet of the evaporator, Tshift is also affected by the pinch point temperature difference and the temperature glide of the condensation process, Tshift is significantly lower than Tg, in, all zeotropic mixtures are applied. Among the matched zeotropic mixtures, R227ea/R22 with the lowest Tshift has the best thermal performance in the ORC system.

Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental assessment of a geothermal-driven cogeneration system utilizing dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle and zeotropic mixtures

In the current study, a detailed assessment and multi-objective optimization of a geothermal-driven cogeneration system for producing hydrogen and electricity have been carried out. The system includes two parts; the primary cycle is the geothermal cycle, which extracts geothermal energy. The secondary cycle consists of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. In order to enhance ORC performance, zeotropic mixes have been used as working fluids. The concentration on the destructive environmental impacts of the system, which has not been considered in prior studies, is the research’s main novelty. This study mainly focuses on environmental evaluation using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to decrease destructive environmental impacts. From the perspectives of energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental (4E), the pentane (0.3)-butane (0.7) working fluid performed better than other working fluids. Energy and exergy efficiency for the cogeneration system increased by 19.34% and 58.67%, respectively. According to the results of the exergoenvironmental analysis, the PEM showed significant product environmental consequences at a speed of 261 mpts/h. The multi-objective optimization findings illustrated that energy efficiency and destruction cost in optimum conditions reach 20.06% and 22.64 $/h. Furthermore, exergy efficiency and destruction environmental impacts will reach 59.81% and 1762.11 mpts/h, respectively.

Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurement and heating performance modeling on eco-friendly zeotropic blends of CO2/R1234ze(Z) and CO2/R1336mzz(E)

In the context of sustainable development, CO2 and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are regarded as promising refrigerant candidates. Despite recognition of application potential, the knowledge of their blends is insufficient. In this paper, vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) properties of two eco-friendly zeotropic CO2/HFO blends, namely CO2/R1234ze(Z) and CO2/R1336mzz(E), were measured at temperature from 253.15 K to 333.15 K at CO2 concentration from 0 to 1. Peng-Robinson (PR) model and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) model are identified as suitable models for describing VLE of CO2/HFO with deviation less than 4.5%, whereas Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) model is shown to have larger deviation. Furthermore, a heat pump water heater is modelled to demonstrate the working potential of CO2/HFO in terms of thermodynamics and safety, while the newly fitted binary interaction parameter kij being used. Both CO2/R1234ze(Z) and CO2/R1336mzz(E) show more than 150% advantage in volumetric heating capacity and comparable heating efficiency compared to R134a. The optimal concentration of CO2 is higher than 0.6, eliminating the flammability of mixture. Additionally, the operating pressures of CO2/HFO are reduced to lower than 3.2 MPa at typical working condition due to HFO addition. The results contribute to the accurate VLE description of CO2/HFO and further investigation on the applications of eco-friendly refrigerants.

Measurement of vapour pressure, miscibility and thermal conductivity for binary and ternary refrigerant lubricant mixtures in the context of heat pump tumble dryers

Household appliances need to be both efficient and cost-effective. As a result, electrically driven tumble dryers were converted to heat pump driven ones several years ago in order to comply with energy directives, in this case in Germany. In order to increase the efficiency of heat pumps of different performance classes, the use of zeotropic refrigerant mixtures can be useful, since the temperature glide during the phase change of the refrigerant mixture can be adapted to the temperature gradients of the secondary fluids. In order to take advantage of this unique property, a refrigerant mixture selection was carried out by a screening procedure using REFPROP. Within the investigation presented here, two different zeotropic refrigerant blends, propane (R290)/dimethyl ether (DME or RE170) (30 wt.%/70 wt.%) and R152a/carbon dioxide (R744) (90 wt.%/10 wt.%) are focused on as substitutes with low global warming potential (GWP) for R134a in heat pump tumble dryers. The focus is on the interaction between the refrigerant mixtures and the respective lubricant to ensure usability in the heat pump tumble dryer. A specialised polyolefin-based (POE) lubricant was chosen for each refrigerant blend. Because the numerous combinations of possible refrigerant mixtures can lead to unanticipated challenges with oil mixtures, additional experimental investigations are necessary to ensure the compatibility of the lubricant and refrigerant mixture combination in the temperature ranges associated with the investigated application. Therefore, measurements of the vapor pressure, miscibility gaps and thermal conductivity of the refrigerant-lubricant mixture have been carried out and are the focus of this paper.

Condensation heat and mass transfer characteristics of zeotropic refrigerant mixture R1234yf/R32 inside small-scale tube: Flow patterns observation and non-equilibrium film model calculation

Minichannel heat exchanger has been more and more widely used in refrigeration industry and other fields due to its high heat transfer efficiency, lightweight and low carbon emissions and other advantages. And, the zeotropic mixture R1234yf/R32 with low global warming potential (GWP) is a promising substitute for R410A in commercial refrigeration. In this study, the experiment investigation of condensation heat and mass transfer characteristics of R1234yf/R32 in minichannel test tube (inner diameter (ID) 2 mm) were conducted. The influencing factors including mass flow rate, vapor quality, mass fraction and tube diameter on the mass transfer and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were discussed in detailed. The flow pattern was taken during condensation experiment. Meanwhile, based on the discussion of flow pattern, thermophysical properties, tube diameter and composition variation in the liquid film and at the vapor-liquid interface, the effects on heat transfer and mass transfer during condensation were analyzed. The calculation results using the non-equilibrium film model considering the mass transfer on both the liquid and vapor sides were compared and agreed well with the experimental HTC with an average deviation of 14.9%. In addition, the heat transfer degradation coefficient (HTDC), vapor-liquid interface temperature and diffusion flux of R32 were reasonably evaluated by the calculation model, and the comparison analysis were conducted with that of ID 4 mm in the previous study.

Simultaneous analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle coupling zeotropic organic Rankine cycle with composition-adjustment and dual-pressure evaporation

A novel cycle is established about the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle (S-CO2) and the zeotropic organic Rankine cycle (ORC). The thermal efficiency of S-CO2 is superior to the steam Rankine cycle. However, the waste heat released from the expander is not well utilized. The zeotropic ORC with dual-pressure evaporation is considered to be one of the most promising cycles for recovering waste heat. Dual-pressure evaporation of ORC can improve the phase change heat transfer matching in the evaporation section, thus improving the energy conversion efficiency. If the composition of the zeotropic mixture can be adjusted during the dual-pressure evaporation process, the system power performance can be further improved. The supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle coupling the zeotropic organic Rankine cycle with composition adjustment and dual-pressure evaporation (S-CO2/ORC) is proposed for energy utilization efficiency. The influence of different working fluids and exergy destruction analysis is carried out for S-CO2/ORC. The results show that the net power output of the system is the largest, which is 359.79 kW, when R245fa-R236ea is used as the working fluid for the ORC. The analysis of the exergy destruction of S-CO2/ORC using R245fa-R236ea shows that the S-CO2 system accounted for the largest exergy destructions.

Synthesis and optimization of energy integrated advanced distillation sequences

This paper explores the basis on which reliable screening of distillation sequences for energy-efficient separation of zeotropic multicomponent mixtures can be carried out. A case study for the separation of natural gas liquids is used to demonstrate the approach. To solve this generic problem, a screening algorithm has been developed using optimization of a superstructure for sequence synthesis using shortcut models, in conjunction with a transportation algorithm for the synthesis of the heat integration arrangement. Different approaches for the inclusion of heat integration are explored and compared. The best few designs from this screening are then evaluated using rigorous simulation. It has been found that separation problems of the type explored can be screened reliably using shortcut distillation models in conjunction with the synthesis of heat exchanger network designs. Non-integrated designs using thermally coupled complex columns show much better performance than the corresponding designs using simple columns. However, once heat integration is included the difference between designs using complex columns and simple columns narrows significantly.

Multipolar SAFT-VR Mie Equation of State: Predictions of Phase Equilibria in Refrigerant Systems with No Binary Interaction Parameter.

An extension of the SAFT-VR Mie equation of state is proposed to predict the properties of multipolar fluids. The new model, referred to as multipolar M-SAFT-VR Mie, incorporates the general multipolar term developed by Gubbins and co-workers, which accounts for dipole-dipole, quadrupole-quadrupole, and dipole-quadrupole interactions. A modification of the third order terms in the perturbation theory results in an accurate description of the simulation data for multipolar Lennard-Jones fluids. Both the M-SAFT-VR Mie and polar soft-SAFT models are extended to account for polarizability, and a good agreement is obtained with molecular simulation data. The M-SAFT-VR Mie model is applied to refrigerant systems, and it is found that including both dipole and quadrupole moments in molecular models leads to more accurate results than using only a dipole moment. The new model provides excellent predictions of the vapor-liquid equilibria of zeotropic and azeotropic refrigerant mixtures without the need for binary interaction parameters, making it a valuable tool for formulating low-GWP working fluids.

Organic rankine cycle systems with mixture of pure fluids: On infeasible fluid’s fractions due to the interaction between the mixture glide and the hexs pinchs

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a promising technology for power generation from low-grade heat. The selection of working fluids is one of the important key points to improve the performance of an ORC system. Zeotropic mixtures show promising performances as working fluids. In fact, their temperature glide during phase change enables better match between the working fluid and the heat source/sink temperatures. In order to reveal the performance of mixture in ORC system, this paper deals with the thermodynamic model of the subcritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems driven by low grade heat source while using zeotropic mixture working fluids with a special consideration to the interaction between phase change glides and the pinch value and their location in both the evaporator and the condenser (HEXs). Zeotropic mixtures of seven pure fluids are evaluated as working fluids for a subcritical ORC system. The mass fraction effects of mixtures on the thermal efficiency are analyzed. For given working conditions (working fluid mass flow, pressure and bubble temperature) the results show that for each considered zeotropic mixture there exist mass fraction ranges that are not consistent with the pinch values constraint in the HEXs and leads to so-called ‘infeasible zones’ with unreal HEXs dimensions. Results shows also that, out of these “infeasible fractions” zone, keeping unchanged the working conditions, the thermal performances of ORC system using zeotropic mixture are always better than the thermal performances of the same systems using the correspondent pure fluids. In addition, out of these highlighted “unfeasible zones” it was found that mixture with high temperature glide improve the thermal efficiency of ORC system.

Comprehensive analysis and multi-objective optimization of power and cooling production system based on a flash-binary geothermal system

The sustainable and environmentally-benign nature of geothermal energy motivates the current investigation to design a cogeneration of power and cooling system. The designed system consists of a double-flash binary system with an organic Rankine cycle and ejector refrigeration cycle integration as the waste heat recovery system. The subsystem's performance is enhanced through the zeotropic working fluid implementation. The energy, exergy, and exergo-economic assessments were utilized to compare two zeotropic mixtures' performances and select an appropriate working fluid. This comparison is carried out by comprehensive sensitivity analysis to study their performance under variable operational conditions. The results reveal that the Pentane-Isohexane has higher performance leading to 1.9 MW of net power and 290.15 kW of cooling load generation. Hence, the total exergetic efficiency and payback period are obtained to be 58.33% and 6.70 years. Considering the energy/economic optimization scenario enhances the cooling load generation to 574 kW and reduces the net power to 1.85 kW, while the exergy/economic scenario increases the net power production to 1.99 MW and declines the cooling load. By considering the overall performance indexes, the exergy/economic scenario with 6.56 years payback period provides a higher performance and the best optimization scenario.

Modelling and analysis of a compression/resorption heat pump system with a zeotropic mixture of acetone/CO2

Industrial processes represent one of the most energy-consuming activities, which are related to fossil fuel utilization and the growing environmental problems. In this way, the heat waste energy recovery has been presented as an efficient solution, to take advantage of low-grade residual heat, where the compressor -resorption heat pump technology has proven to achieve high-temperature levels with a considerable Coefficient of Performance. However, known working fluids such as hydrofluorocarbons represents an environmental hazard due to its Global Warming potential, these have been replaced by natural fluids such as ammonia, but they also have disadvantages like its toxicity. In this way, the CO2 is an available waste heat compound product of fossil combustions, therefore, this research is based on the utilization of novel fluids such as the zeotropic mixture of CO2/Acetone as an eco-friendly working fluid with low Global Warming Potential. Even more, the utilization of the mentioned compound represents the opportunity to explore the utilization of low-grade residual heat that sometimes is not used in subsequent applications. In this sense, the modelling of the binary vapor–liquid equilibria of the mixture CO2/Acetone has been performed based on a thermodynamic model using the Peng-Robinson equation regarding the conditions of pressure, temperature, and concentration of the fluids for operational industry applications. The modelling of the compression/resorption heat pump cycle is based on the mass and energy balance for each component with Engineering Equation Solver software (EES). In this way, the adjustment of equilibria for the mixture determinates the maximum average square deviation of 4.28 % and 8.70 % for a temperature range between 291 and 303 K and 333 to 393 K. The concentration of CO2 from 20 % to 50 % showed that the increasing molar fraction delivers a more efficient cycle, even reaching a coefficient of performance of 3 for a difference of 0.2 between the global concentration of CO2 and the poor solution, and a 20 °C temperature difference between source and sink. Even more, the COP obtained in the simulation was not affected by variations of steam mass flow rate and it was proven that the mathematical model proposed has a correlation with the literature.

Facile Fabrication of a Continuous ZIF‐67 Membrane for Efficient Azeotropic Organic Solvent Mixture Separation

AbstractAzeotropic organic solvent mixture separation is common in the chemical industry but extremely difficult. Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) shows great potential in organic solvent mixture separation due to its rigid micropores and excellent stability. However, due to the fast nucleation rate, it is a great challenge to prepare continuous ZIF‐67 membrane layers with ultrathin thickness. In this study, a hydroxy salt layer with high inducible activity was synthesized as a precursor on different porous substrates to prepare ZIF‐67 membranes at room temperature. The precursor layer enables an intact ZIF‐67 membrane with an ultrathin thickness of 176±12 nm. The experimental and simulation results confirmed that the size sieving through the pore windows and the preferential adsorption of polar solvent molecules provide the ZIF‐67 membrane an unprecedented separation performance such as high separation factors and fluxes, for four types of azeotropic organic solvent mixtures.

Energy, exergy, economic and environmental analysis of a regasification system integrating simple ORC and LNG open power cycle in floating storage regasification units

A thermodynamic, economic and environmental analysis of a regasification system including a simple Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and an Open Organic Rankine Cycle (OC) to utilise the liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy is carried out in the present paper. The proposed system, called ORC-OC, uses ambient seawater as heat source (open loop) and is implemented on board a Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU) in order to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the electricity generation plant, i.e., dual fuel (DF) engines. Regarding the ORC working fluids analysed, an ethane/propane zeotropic mixture is applied. The ORC-OC is compared with the simple ORC architecture, giving the first one better energy (lower specific energy consumption), exergy (higher exergy efficiency) and environmental (lower CO2e emissions) results. When compared to the regasification systems installed on board, the ORC-OC system reduces the specific energy consumption by 86.99 % and increases the exergy efficiency by 17.82 % with respect to the most efficient conventional system installed on FSRUs (direct seawater regasification system), leading to a reduction of CO2e emissions of more than 80 %. In addition, the ORC-OC system is more cost-effective than conventional regasification systems when the LNG price is above 6,508 USD/MMBtu.

Thermodynamic Analysis of an Innovative Cold Energy Storage System for Auto-Cascade Refrigeration Applications

The cooling capacity needed by ultra-low temperature apparatus cannot be reached economically with a single vapor compression refrigeration cycle due to the constraint of the high compressor pressure ratio. The auto-cascade refrigeration cycle is a good alternative. In this work, a novel concept that applies the principle of the auto-cascade refrigeration cycle to store cold energy is conducted. The environment-friendly refrigerants of R600a/R290/R170 zeotropic mixtures are used to study the performance of the modified auto-cascade refrigeration cycle (MACRC) as an alternative for cold-energy applications. The simulation results show that a cooling capacity of 500 W can be provided below −60 °C. The mixture with a mass fraction of 0.25/0.35/0.40 yields a COP of 0.695 and an exergy efficiency of 0.262 at −66 °C. The performance of the MACRC system was investigated at an ambient temperature of 20 to 40 °C for indoor small-scale applications. It is concluded that the performance would be improved by decreasing the ambient temperature. The results of the work should be helpful for the design and optimization of auto-cascade systems.

Environmental analysis and optimization of fuel cells integrated with organic rankine cycle using zeotropic mixture

The use of fuel cell (FC) is considered one of the methods of producing electricity with relatively high efficiency. So, it has attracted many researchers' attention to develop and improve its performance. The present study deals with the technical-economic optimal design of a hybrid power generation system based on a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) FC combined with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). ORC is used to recover the generated heat in PEM FC. The decision variables of this study include FC operating pressure and temperature, current density, FC area, the quantity of FC, and operating parameters of the ORC system, including HRVG PPTD, condenser PPTD, and refrigerant mass fraction in zeotropic mixture. In this study, three zeotropic mixtures, including R11-R245fa, R11-R123, and R123-R245fa, are studied as the working fluid of the ORC system. The objective functions considered to be optimized are the system's exergy efficiency and total cost rate (TCR). Finally, it is observed that the highest exergy efficiency is obtained using the zeotropic mixture R11-R245fa with a value of 54.15%, and the lowest TCR is obtained with the mixture R11-R123 with a value of 0.65 $/s. Zeotropic mixture R11-R123 has the exergoenvironmental index, environmental damage effectiveness index, and exergy stability factor of 0.5506, 1.277, and 0.4750, respectively.

Performance of a CO2-mixture cycled energy storage system: Thermodynamic and economic analysis

Liquid state storage is one of the most features for CO2 energy storage. How to effectively liquefy the gaseous CO2 after generating the power severely restricts its further development. In this paper, the refrigerants are employed as the additives to the CO2 working fluid and utilizing the temperature glide of zeotropic mixtures the two-tank cold energy storage can be designed to complete the condensation and evaporation processes of the gaseous working fluid. The numerical simulations for the system are completed by using an in-house code with the built mathematical models. The round trip efficiency and the economic indicators including levelized cost of storage, net present value, dynamic payback period and savings to investment ratio are analyzed in detail. The results demonstrate that increasing the mass fraction of refrigerants is negative to the system efficiency. The efficiency of the system with working fluid CO2/R32 is obviously insensitive to the additive mass fraction, with just a 3.5% change ratio when mass fraction of R32 is varied from 0.05 to 0.5. There is always an optimized mass fraction to reach the best economic performance for each additive. The mixtures CO2/R32 and CO2/R161 are firstly recommended as the working fluid pairs of the designed system with the suggested mass compositions of about 0.65/0.35 and 0.85/0.15, respectively. The charge pressure is advocated at 15 MPa and the discharge pressure is suggested at 13–16 MPa. Furthermore, the proposed energy storage system is favorable to adapt the surrounding temperatures.

Alternative blends of CO2 for transcritical refrigeration systems. Experimental approach and energy analysis

As a natural refrigerant, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) has been extended in almost all refrigeration fields due to its environmental friendliness, high availability, and high technological development in the main components of the cycle. However, despite the benefits, CO2 is limited to high-capacity applications due to the cost of components and the complex cycle arrangements to overcome the low coefficient of performance (COP) at high ambient temperatures. A simple but effective method to solve this issue involves mixing CO2 with other refrigerants obtaining a new refrigerant mixture with higher critical points, lower working pressures and low global warming potential (GWP). Depending on the mixture percentage, the mixture flammability can be suppressed, and the performance of the refrigeration plant can be increased.Building on this, this work determines theoretically different CO2­based zeotropic blends as an alternative to pure CO2 with the restrictions of non-flammability, GWP below 150 and higher COP than pure CO2. The results suggest two blends of CO2/R1270 and CO2/R32 that have been prepared and energetically tested in a vertical display cooler using pure CO2 as a reference. The results revealed that CO2-blends reduce energy consumption by up to 17.2 % at the ambient temperature of 25 °C and up to 12.2 % at 30 °C. Moreover, the results with CO2-blends were closest to those obtained with pure R1270 and better than R134a under the same operating conditions.

Geothermal and solar energy utilization for the development of a sustainable power and cooling production

The growth of power demand and environmental issues of fossil fuels lead to renewable energy utilization. A novel combination of parabolic trough solar collectors with a double-flash geothermal system is proposed to generate power and cooling simultaneously. Two parabolic trough solar collectors are employed; the first one directly supplies the solar heat during the day and the second one stores the solar heat for the night operating time. Zeotropic mixtures in an integrated ejector refrigeration-organic Rankine cycle are employed to improve waste heat recovery and overall performance. Exergy and exergoeconomic assessment criteria are employed to evaluate the performance of the designed plant. The subsystem’s working fluid selection was performed by comparison of the performance of six zeotropic mixtures. The parametric investigation reveals that the exergetic efficiency and net power are affected by the inlet pressure of the separators, and direct normal irradiation presents the highest effect on the payback period. Moreover, the system’s optimum state is evaluated by a multi-objective optimization scheme.

Thermal process simulation and multi-variable study/optimization of a novel geothermal-driven multi-generation process using bi-evaporator with zeotropic mixture

Bi-evaporator technology is a robust tool, operating in two levels of coolant production for normal cooling and freezing purposes. The current study is motivated to assess the feasibility of integrating a bi-evaporator technology and a single-flash geothermal power plant. The main novelty of this paper is to design a novel combined cooling and power (CCP) production cycle relying on an organic Rankin cycle and a modified bi-evaporator refrigeration cycle. In addition, the use of a zeotropic mixture (Pentane/Isobutane) fed to the CCP is another difference between the current research and the available literature review. In addition to the power and cooling, the entire system is boosted by the use of a multi-generation process, producing heating via a heating production unit and hydrogen (H2) via a low-temperature electrolyzer. The proposed system was analyzed from the energy, exergy, specific exergy costing, and net present value points of view. Therefore, a coherent single- and dual-sensitivity study is done, and the variability of the main performance metrics is viewed against the decision parameters. In addition, owing to the incompatible trend of the newly devised plant's chief performance metrics, an advanced triple-objective optimization through a NSGA-II method is regraded from the standpoints of thermodynamics and economics. The objective functions include the coefficient of performance, exergy efficiency, and sum unit cost of products, and the optimum solution reveals their values of 33.56%, 63.2%, and 6.0 $/GJ, respectively.