YSZ Films Research Articles

Investigations on Impact of YSZ Nanoparticles on Morphology & Electrical conductivity of PEDOT: PSS

Conductive polymer nanocomposites, which combine the flexibility and conductivity of polymers with the unique properties of nanofillers, have generated interest in various fields such as energy storage, sensors, coatings, and corrosion protection. This study discusses the effect of Yttria-stabilized zirconium nanoparticles (YSZ NPs) on the morphology and electrical conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS). Thin films of PEDOT: PSS and PEDOT: PSS: YSZ were fabricated using spin coating technique. FTIR and XRD characterizations confirmed the interaction between YSZ nanoparticles and the PEDOT: PSS matrix, leading to changes in chemical morphology and film crystallinity. The investigation of the current-voltage (I-V) relationship showed improved electrical conductivity in PEDOT: PSS films with the addition of YSZ nanoparticles, with respective conductivities of 0.028×10−6 S cm−1 and 0.0885×10−4 S cm−1 for pristine and YSZ-containing films. Additionally, the sensing properties of the PEDOT: PSS: YSZ film in detecting organic vapours were studied. These findings suggest that these conducting polymer nanocomposite thin films could potentially be used as electrolyte components in battery cells, supercapacitors, and fuel cells, as well as serve as sensors for certain organic vapours.

A nozzle design for mitigating particle slowing in the bow shock region during micro-cold spray of 8 YSZ films

During micro-cold spray deposition, also referred to as the aerosol deposition method or vacuum kinetic spraying, performed with conventional nozzles, the particle impact velocities decrease drastically with particle size for fine particles <500 nm in diameter due to slowing in the stagnation region. A new design for a nozzle that contains pressure relief channels is proposed that allows the pressure in the stagnation region downstream of the bow shock to be reduced. This reduced stagnation pressure results in less particle slowing compared to conventional nozzle geometries, particularly for smaller or less dense particles. The effects of the channel geometry on the particle impact velocity are systematically investigated by independently varying the channel parameters. Calculations show that the impact velocities for 100 and 200 nm yttria stabilized zirconia particles is increased by 111% and 31%, respectively, for a selected pressure relief channel nozzle when compared to a comparable conventional nozzle. Although impact velocities are increased, a tradeoff exists with this nozzle design in that the particle focusing in the nozzle is decreased and some of the particles may be removed from the aerosol by the channels. Experiments using a nitrogen as a carrier gas at ∼40 kPa upstream pressure show that, despite the loss of larger particles into the relief channels, the deposition efficiency is improved by 300% when depositing films from fine 8 YSZ powder with the pressure relief nozzle compared to a conventional nozzle.

Strain-induced charge ordering above room temperature in rare-earth manganites.

Most known mixed manganites containing rare-earth elements demonstrate a pronounced charge ordering (CO) state below room temperature. The behavior of the magnetic susceptibility and electronic magnetic resonance of polycrystalline Pr1-xSrxMnO3/YSZ (x = 0.2 and x = 0.4) films without a pronounced texture indicates the formation of the CO phase in the samples at temperatures close to and above room temperature. Moreover, this phase manifests itself with a typical sign of martensitic transformation. The same phenomenon has been traced for textured polycrystalline La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/YSZ films. Electron microscope data indicate the presence of internal strain within the films, which is probably responsible for the formation of the CO phase. It is assumed that the reasons for the appearance of such strain include the crystallite size and the boundary between them. The results obtained provide the basis for the development of new research and technological tasks for the generation of the high-temperature CO state in various polycrystalline rare-earth manganites, since this state contributes to the manifestation of interesting magnetocaloric, magnetoelectric and multiferroic properties. In addition, recent data has opened up new opportunities for studying the strain-induced phenomena in such materials.

Optimizing energy storage performance of ALD YSZ thin film devices via yttrium concentration variations

In the last decade, research has focused on fabricating new materials to accelerate the development of energy storage devices. In this work, metal-electrolyte-metal (Au-YSZ-Ru) structures were fabricated on silicon substrates using atomic layer deposition, sputtering, and thermal evaporation techniques. The effect of the yttrium concentration in YSZ films on their chemical, structural, optical, and electrical properties were studied. XPS analysis showed yttrium concentrations of 14.6, 10.3, 6.8, and 5.3 at.% for films with ALD cycle ratios Zr:Y of 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1. Deconvolution of the oxygen XPS signal demonstrate the yttrium to oxygen vacancies ratio. The band gap was calculated through UV–vis indicating an increase in values with yttrium concentration. In addition, the trend was confirmed by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS). The structure was investigated by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (IR-ATR) measurements. Both results indicate a better crystallization of the cubic phase for the samples with lower concentrations, as the intensity of (111) diffraction peaks and IR band increased for lower yttrium concentrations. Impedance spectroscopy revealed an activation energy of 1.69, 1.32, and 1.28 eV for the 10.3, 6.8, and 5.3 at.% film concentration, respectively. According to cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge tests, a lower yttrium concentration, 5.3 at.%, promotes electrode REDOX reactions improving the energy-storage properties.

Time-Dependence of Microstructural Evolution and Performance Degradation of Ni/YSZ Electrode in Co-Electrolysis SOEC

Production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels with Co-electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) by Fischer-Tropsch reaction has attracted attention to solving energy and environmental problems. Reduction of CO2 and H2O to CO and H2 like a simple reaction process. However, carbon coking and microstructure alteration due to long-term operation could cause degradation performance, especially at Ni/YSZ fuel electrode. In this study, we determined the microstructure evolution and performance degradation of fuel electrode supported SOEC (Nexceris, USA) as function of temperature under 10% H2O:20%CO2 and applied voltage of -1.3 Volt. As a result, lower temperatures (1023 K) degradation showed faster degradation rate than higher temperatures (1073 K) despite similar fuel composition. Post-mortem analysis by SEM-EDX showed that the amount of carbon deposition is relatively low. However, the Ni average diameter increase by factor of two compared to as-reduced Ni/YSZ fuel electrode. Another measurement was conducted to confirm the effect of the water vapor only. It showed that the Ni average diameter was observed to be similar between co-electrolysis and water electrolysis conditions. This result indicated that the change of the Ni average diameter could be affected by the presence of water vapor only.There have been many reports on the change of Ni diameter in the Ni/YSZ for SOEC [1,2]. The Ni migration/diffusion in the Ni/YSZ fuel electrode is a complex mechanism, especially at the porous body because the complex geometry and morphology. Thus, it is so often to use model electrodes to simplify the geometry in order to understand the Ni migration [3]. The YSZ film was deposited on the MgO single crystal by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). After that, the Ni film sputtered onto YSZ thin film, then patterned by photolithography. The Ni-pattern electrode can be viewed as a simplified cross-section of a porous electrode and simulated on a flat surface. It has two side Ni patterns in the opposite direction which are separated by a small gap on YSZ film which works as the electrolyte. At the edge of the Ni-pattern electrodes, the Pt electrodes were sputtered as a current collector. The model electrode was measured by applying a voltage on two-side of the Ni-patterned electrode where one Ni pattern was in fuel cell mode and another Ni pattern was in electrolysis mode. The measurement was completed under various gas composition at 1173 K. The measurement was taken every 20 h – 40 h before the laser microscope was used to observe the change in the Ni pattern electrode. The result on the model electrode will be corroborated with our study on Ni/YSZ porous.AcknowledgementThis study was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan.Reference:[1] A. Hauch, S. D. Ebbesen, S. H. Jensen, M. Mogensen, J. Electrochem. Soc., 155(11) (2008) B1184-B1193.[2] D. The, S. Grieshammer, M. Schroeder, M. Martin, M. A. Daroukh, F. Tietz, J. Schefold, A. Brisse, J. Power Sources, 275 (2015) 901-911.[3] Z. Ouyang, Y. Komatsu, A. Sciazko, J. Onishi, K. Nishimura, N. Shikazono, J. Power Sources, 529 (2022) 231228.

Low temperature preparation of YSZ-based thin-film limiting current type oxygen sensor

Oxygen sensors based on YSZ solid electrolyte thin films have great application prospects due to their advantages in miniaturization and integration. Here, we report the gas sensing performance of Pt/YSZ/Pt oxygen gas sensors with low preparing temperatures. YSZ thin films with (200) preferred orientation have been prepared by room temperature RF magnetron sputtering combined with annealing at a temperature of 650 °C. The 700 nm-thick YSZ films exhibit an obvious limiting current platform, and the limiting current IL shows a linear dependence on oxygen concentration X(O2) (in the range of 6%–21%). Moreover, the devices with 700 nm-thick YSZ films worked well at the temperature range from 500 to 650 °C, and a linear relationship between logIL and 1000/T has been observed. These results demonstrate that YSZ thin films prepared by low temperature magnetron sputtering combined with the annealing process can reduce the working temperature.

The deposition of Ir/YSZ double-layer thin films on silicon by PLD and magnetron sputtering: Growth kinetics and the effects of oxygen

This work focuses on the epitaxial growth process and kinetics of silicon-based Ir/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) bilayer films prepared by PLD and magnetron sputtering, including the sequential growth of a YSZ film, an Ir seed layer, and an Ir film on a silicon substrate. The results show that for growing YSZ films by PLD at the target-to-substrate distance of 60 mm, the higher the laser energy density and the oxygen pressure, the lower the laser frequency, the higher the epitaxy quality. In addition, for the preparation of the Ir-seed layer by PLD, background gas decelerates the plasma and suppresses self-sputtering and implantation, which is beneficial to obtaining a high-quality seed layer. In particular, introducing a small amount of oxygen is able to improve the epitaxial quality of the films during the growth of Ir-seed and Ir films, and the mechanism of oxygen is proposed. For the growth of Ir films by magnetron sputtering, the growth rate and the energy of argon ions increased with the increase of RF power, while the epitaxial quality is the opposite. The kinetic theory and simulation results demonstrate that this trend is mainly caused by the increase in the number of particles reaching the substrate without significantly increasing the distribution of high-energy particles. Finally, high-quality Ir (100) films on the YSZ (100) with a fresh surface are prepared. It is shown that increasing the epitaxy quality of the YSZ (100) film and the growth temperature of the Ir film can improve the quality of Ir film. Based on our results, the growth of Ir films on YSZ films with fresh surfaces resulting from in-situ argon plasma cleaning provides a new idea for preparing Ir (100)/YSZ (100) bilayer epitaxial film.

Robust and reliable solid oxide fuel cells with modified thin film YSZ electrolyte

AbstractReduce electrolyte thickness can improve solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance. However, thinner electrolyte often contains prominent defects and flaws, which may decrease the yield and increase operation risk. This work proposes a method to modify the thin film YSZ electrolyte, to improve cell reliability and durability. The as‐sintered anode supported half‐cell with screen printed YSZ electrolyte was immersed in precursor solution of Y(NO3)3·6H2O and Zr(NO3)4·5H2O, and being treated under hydrothermal condition of 150°C for 12 h. As a result, the modified cells show slight increase in the OCV values. Furthermore, the hydrothermal modification effectively promotes interface sintering between YSZ electrolyte and GDC barrier layer, yielding a smaller ohmic resistance of .142 Ω·cm2 (a decrease of ∼11%) and a higher peak power density of .964 W/cm2 (an increase of ∼18%) at 750°C, than pristine cell. Moreover, the modified cell operates stably over 300 h, while the pristine cell presents large and irregular voltage fluctuations. This work suggests that the hydrothermal modification is an effective and promisingly industrial applicable method for thin film electrolyte recovery in SOFCs.

Fabrication of a YSZ electrolyte layer via co-pressing/co-sintering for tubular NiO-YSZ anode-supported SOFCs

• A simple and effective method to fabricated semi-cells of tubular Ni-YSZ anode-supported electrolyte film is proposed. • The method is the combination of centrifugal deposition, co-pressing and co-sintering techniques. • The YSZ films are dense with the thickness of 21.4∼27.3 μm. A simple and effective method to fabricated semi-cells of tubular NiO-YSZ anode-supported electrolyte film is proposed. This method is the combination of centrifugal deposition technique, cold isostatic co-pressing and co-sintering. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the presence of NiO and YSZ, and YSZ grains of electrolyte film grow preferentially on (2 2 0), (3 1 1), (2 2 2), (4 0 0). The YSZ films are dense with the thickness of 21.4∼27.3 μm. At 1400℃, the YSZ crystallite size in the electrolyte film is largest with the size of ∼4.6 μm, which confirms the crystallite growth during co-sintering. The EDX mapping at the same location of EDS further reveals the presence of O, Ni, Y and Zr in the calcined powders.

Effect of Sputtering Pressure on the Nanostructure and Residual Stress of Thin-Film YSZ Electrolyte

Solid oxide fuel cells are energy conversion devices that contribute to carbon neutrality, with the advantages of high efficiency, clean emissions production, and distributed power generation. However, the high operating temperature of the solid oxide fuel cells causes system stability and material selection problems. In this study, we aimed to lower the operating temperature of a solid oxide fuel cell by reducing the thickness of the electrolyte via sputtering. The deposition process was conducted under various pressure conditions to find the optimal sputtering process for a gas-tight YSZ thin-film electrolyte. The gas-tightness of the YSZ electrolytes was evaluated by observing the nanostructure and cell performance. As a result, the YSZ thin-film deposited at 3 mTorr showed the best gas-tightness and cell performance. At 500 °C, 1.043 V of OCV and a maximum power density of 1593 mW/cm2 were observed. Then, X-ray diffraction was used to calculate the residual stress of the YSZ films. As a result, it was confirmed that the gas-tight film showed compressive residual stress. Through this study, we were successful in developing a room-temperature YSZ electrolyte fabrication process with excellent gas-tightness and performance. It was also proven that there is a strong relationship between the gas-tightness and residual stress. This study is expected to contribute to cost reductions and the mass production of solid oxide fuel cells.

Thermal radiative properties of zirconium oxide films in the near‐infrared wavelengths

AbstractThermal barrier coatings (TBCs) using yttria‐stabilized zirconium dioxide (YSZ) are widely used in gas turbines to protect metal components against the high combustion product temperature. Increasing combustion temperature and pressure, radiative heat transfer becomes an essential portion of the overall heat transfer in TBCs. This necessitates a greater understanding of the thermal radiative properties of YSZ films, especially in the near‐infrared wavelength range. The commonly used Kubelka–Munk (KM) method in the radiative property reduction from the measured transmittance and reflectance spectra of YSZ films can incur inaccurate results when the coating optical thickness is not sufficiently large. The discrete ordinates method with the asymmetric spherical ring angular quadrature can solve the radiative transfer equation with good accuracy in optically thin media. Considering the solution accuracy and computational efficiency, a hybrid approach of combining the KM and discrete ordinate methods is used to invert radiative properties. The absorption and scattering coefficients of air plasma sprayed YSZ films are determined over the wavelength range from 1 to 2.6 μm at room temperature. Over this near‐infrared wavelength range, the scattering coefficient decreases with the increasing wavelength, and the absorption coefficient is very small overall.

Ferroelastic deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of [001]-oriented YSZ film by indentation

The ferroelastic properties of zirconia-based ceramics are crucial for their use as structural and functional materials. In this study, [001]-oriented ferroelastic YSZ films are prepared on the (100) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The mechanical properties and ferroelastic deformation mechanism of the film have been studied in detail through experiments and modeling. The Hardness and Young’s modulus of the YSZ film are 19.3 ± 0.4 GPa and 293.8 ± 5.1 GPa, respectively, which are determined by nanoindentation tests with the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) mode. Indentation experiments show that a 90° twin domain structure is produced on the surface of the film. By combining TEM and STEM analysis methods, it was experimentally confirmed for the first time that the YSZ film produces ferroelastic deformation under the compressive stress of the indenter, causing the ferroelastic domain switching mechanism. Then the phase field simulation reproduced the ferroelastic domain switching process in the film under the indenter load and obtained the ferroelastic domain switching mechanism of the YSZ film. This proves the fundamental reason for the excellent mechanical properties of the ferroelastic YSZ film.

Effect of Fuel Depletion on Ni-YSZ Anode Supported Membrane Fuel Cell Under Different Discharge Modes

Declining performance and service life are important factors restricting SOFC commercial applications. It is necessary to study the influencing factors of material selection, preparation process, operation parameter and failure. During the long-term operation, local gas path failure may lead to insufficient or depletion of fuel gas supply, which may lead to the decline of battery performance or failure directly. During the discharge period, there are two possibilities: gas depletion in a cell unit in stack or in a local region of one cell. In this work, button single cells with Ni-YSZ (anode support)|YSZ (film)|GDC (buffer layer)|LSCF (cathode) structure by mass-producing under industrial conditions were operated with dry hydrogen as fuel. The experiments of fuel gas depletion were carried out by constant current and constant voltage discharge modes to simulate single cell unit failure in series stack and local region failure of one cell. The results show that during constant current discharge, the terminal voltage decreased rapidly and even appeared negative voltage after cutting off the H2 supply. When the H2 was refueled, voltage could rise quickly or even exceed the initial value. However, as the hydrogen was cut off and the constant current was maintained, the performance of the single cell decreased significantly, and the open circuit voltage and maximum power density decreased sharply, which was due to the damage of the cell caused by the anode Ni oxidation-reduction cycles, and cracks appeared on the electrolyte membrane. By contrast, no matter how long the fuel supply was cut off, the single cell performance in constant voltage discharging mode didn’t decline significantly, which indicates that maintaining a reasonable cell terminal voltage can avoid the Ni oxidation in anode caused by fuel depletion. Finally, we conclude that the long time fuel depletion of the cell unit may directly destroy the cell and affect the stack life, while the local fuel depletion of a certain cell will not cause its damage.

Stoichiometric redox reaction-controlled, combustion assisted spray pyrolyzed zirconia films on stainless steel

In this contribution, an efficient aqueous solution combustion technique was implemented to achieve zirconia films on stainless steel substrates at 400 °C, by low capital and facile spray pyrolysis of a combustible precursor comprising stoichiometric amounts of zirconium oxynitrate hydrate and glycine. Detailed derivation of stoichiometric redox reaction is emphasized in the present work. Thermal behaviour of combustible precursor revealed the combustion temperature at ∼220 °C. Crystalline tetragonal zirconia film was deposited at 400 °C with a wavy morphological surface inferred from diffraction patterns and microstructural studies, respectively. Besides, an approach to fabricate spray pyrolysed YSZ films through combustion at 400 °C was successfully accomplished. These films can have a potential impact on biomedical and thermal barrier applications.

Physical methods of YSZ film application on solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte

Today high effective and sensitive physical methods are used to deposit thin and durable YSZ films (zirconium oxide stabilized by yttrium) for a solid oxide fuel cells electrolyte. The review article is intended to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of perspective physical methods used in the papers of various authors, such as reactive magnetron and plasma sputtering, pulsed laser deposition. One of the main advantages of the pulsed laser deposition method is the choice of the background gas and the ambient pressure during the emission of the ultraviolet camera and the evaporation energy, however, the penetration of microporous particles and target particles on the substrate surface leads to structural changes caused by deformation of the film, as well as a change in the morphology of the film surface YSZ. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the remaining methods are discussed in detail by comparing the articles of the authors. In particular, from the above methods, special attention is paid to the features of the reactive magnetron sputtering method, and it is shown that this method is the most effective, sensitive, expressive method for future use.

Material processing for low thermal conductivity for advanced aero-engine applications

High performance turbine blade for advanced aero-engines needs a low thermal-conductive layer to buffer surface heat from the base metal. Since air possesses lowest thermal conductivity, adding the air ingredient into the solid material or increasing the porosity will accordingly improve the thermal buffering effect of this layer. In this paper, this principle is demonstrated by etching deep trench in silicon wafer with ICP technique, by ionized porous Ti surface, by nested copper and nickel structures and by varying porosity in YSZ film. SEM and AFM characterization as well as delicate thermal conductivity measurements were conducted for visual observation and thermal conductivity evaluations. The thermal insulation properties of these porous structures above were also extensively studied by numerical computer simulations with various air-filling situations. Results revealed that noticeable thermal buffering effect would occur when enough amount of air (above 60%) was filled into the solid in the material processing.

In- and through-plane conductivity of 8YSZ films produced at room temperature by aerosol deposition

Aerosol deposition is a unique spray coating process to deposit dense ceramic films directly at room temperature just by spraying a dry powder, without any binder or additional sintering step needed. Therefore, it is a very promising coating method for functional materials that may be used to produce a variety of electrochemical devices, solid oxide fuel cells or gas sensors. However, functional properties like the electrical conductivity significantly depend on the microstructure of the produced film. Consequently, anisotropic film properties may occur even for isotropic functional materials. In this work, films of oxide ion-conducting yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were produced by aerosol deposition. The orientation-dependent electrical conductivity was measured using two different electrode configurations: one for the in-plane conductivity and another one for through-plane measurements. A slight anisotropy was observed, attributed to the present film morphology. In particular, the grain boundaries influenced the total conductivity. Furthermore, a thermal post-deposition treatment significantly affected the total conductivity of aerosol-deposited YSZ films.

Dip-coating of 8YSZ nanocrystalline particles on NiO–YSZ substrate

In this study, 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ)-agglomerated particles were dispersed in de-ionized water using different weights of Tiron. The results of viscosity and sedimentation measurements of each suspension were evaluated and the optimum amount of Tiron was selected. The most stable suspension was prepared for dip-coating. The substrate was prepared by mixing NiO and YSZ powders and then pressed and pre-sintered at \(1050^{\circ }\hbox {C}\). The effect of saturated and unsaturated substrates on morphology and thickness of films were investigated. The thickness of YSZ films with different withdrawn speeds and dip-times were calculated. Also, the morphologies of deposited films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The above experimental results showed that by adjusting pH about 10, the view point of rheological behaviour, the optimum dispersant was 0.8% and the suspension containing 0.8% Tiron had the lowest viscosity. Finally, the obtained layers from dip-coating method represented that the films deposited on saturated substrate were crack-free and homogeneous when compared to unsaturated substrates.

Structural studies and physical properties of hexagonal-YbFeO3 thin films

We present structural, magnetic, and optical properties of multiferroic hexagonal YbFeO3 thin films, deposited on single crystal (001) Al2O3 and (111) ysz substrates by a magnetron sputtering system. Interestingly, the thermal stress affects YbFeO3 films on Al2O3 and ysz very differently. Although hexagonal-YbFeO3/Al2O3 films changed from a hexagonal to an orthorhombic phase due to annealing above 1000 °C, hexagonal-YbFeO3/ysz films remained mostly unaffected even after annealing at 1200 °C. The electronic excitations of the YbFeO3 thin films are dominated by Fe3+ d to d on-site electronic excitations as well as O 2p to Fe 3d, Yb 6s, and 5d charge-transfer excitations, and these excitations for hexagonal-YbFeO3 and orthorhombic-YbFeO3 thin films are distinctly different, consistent with the crystal field environments in the hexagonal and orthorhombic phases of YbFeO3. The room temperature energy band gaps of the hexagonal-YbFeO3 and orthorhombic-YbFeO3 thin films were measured to be ∼1.95 ± 0.05 eV and ∼2.40 ± 0.05 eV, respectively.

Preparation of yttria-stabilized zirconia film from an aqueous nano-grain suspension for solid electrolyte

Yttria-stabilized zirconia film was prepared by casting of a green-nano-grain suspension. The suspension was prepared by considering environmentally friendly of components, that is, water as solvent, α-terpineol as dispersant and glycerin as plasticizer. Addition of surfactant mixture (tween-80 and span-60) was also studied. The prepared film was characterized to understand its diffraction pattern, crystal structure, surface and cross-section morphology, thermal properties and its electrical conductivity in accordance with solid electrolyte application. Analysis found that surfactant addition allows the YSZ film to become wet soon after storing at room condition, instead of to increase quality of product. The film is in the same cubic structure with powder YSZ, as well as the space group. Vibrations at 521.77 cm−1 and 563.24 cm−1 confirm the Zr(Y)-O- vibrations. The average grain size of film is 115.84 ± 6.56 nm, larger than YSZ powder grain size of 81.57 ± 1.08 nm. Impedance measurement confirms only ionic migration to produce conductivity. The value at 800 °C is 3.90 × 10−3 S cm−1 and it could reach 2.35 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 1000 °C. It ensures reliability of the YSZ film for solid electrolyte and also provides a promising way to produce YSZ film from a green aqueous-nano-grain suspension.