Juvenile Detention Research Articles

Menu provision in a young offenders institution, comparison with dietary guidelines, and previous menu allocation: a cross-sectional nutritional analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to assess and comparatively analyse two menus from a Young Offenders Institution (YOI). One menu from 2019, and one from 2022, with the objective of identifying any improvements in meeting dietary guidelines. Design: Cross-sectional and comparative analysis. Setting: United Kingdom, a YOI in Northern England. Participants: YOI Menus. Results: Analysis of 30 dietary components identified that 25 exceeded the dietary guidelines (P < 0.05) for the 2022 menu, with five failing to meet the guidelines (P < 0.05). When compared to the 2019 menu, the 2022 menu showed improvements in saturated fat, sodium, and vitamin D. Despite the improvement, vitamin D levels remained below dietary guidelines (P < 0.01). Salt and energy content were reduced in the 2022 menu (P < 0.05); however, they were still above the dietary guidelines (P < 0.01). Free sugars were significantly above dietary guidelines for both menus, with no significant change between the 2019 and 2022 menu (P = 0.12). Conclusion: The 2022 menu has demonstrated progress in alignment with meeting dietary guidelines, particularly in reducing calories, fat, saturated fat, salt, sodium, and chloride, as well as increasing vitamin D. Despite improvements, calories, free sugars, salt, saturated fat, sodium, and chloride are still exceeding dietary guidelines, posing as potential health risks.

Improving adolescent sleep in long-term Juvenile correctional settings: case examples with clinical, research, and policy implications.

Poor sleep during adolescence is a public health concern that may be especially important to address among youth in juvenile correctional facilities, who tend to experience greater mental health challenges, substance use disorders, and traumatic stress exposure. However, evidence for addressing sleep in correctional settings is limited. Using de-identified composite clinical cases, this paper describes challenges and opportunities for addressing sleep disorders (i.e. insomnia) and promoting sleep health (i.e. improving duration, regularity, and behaviors) among adolescents in long-term juvenile correctional facilities. These clinical cases highlight common presenting problems and underscore the need for integrated sleep and mental health interventions as well as adaptations to enhance feasibility and efficacy of behavioral sleep treatment and sleep health promotion in juvenile correctional contexts. We conclude by summarizing clinical, research, and policy implications for addressing adolescent sleep problems and promoting sleep health and well-being in these contexts.

Zakład Karny dla Młodocianych w Szczypiornie 1958-1974. Mocne i słabe strony eksperymentu penitencjarnego

Juvenile Detention Facility in Szczypiorno 1958-1974. Strong and Weak Points of the Penitentiary Experiment The Świdowie experiment was not a classic experiment, but a search for the effectiveness of correctional treatment. Already known resocialization methods were used in changed organizational and environmental conditions. The OBP experiment was an attempt to correct previously made mistakes. In both experiments, an educational concept of punishment was implemented, in which school and science were at the centre of the prison for the juveniles. The system developed in Szczypiorno gave high effectiveness of the treatment measured by low return to crime. Many solutions of the experiment have entered the provisions of penitentiary law.

Banal humour and social order: Overlooked affects in staff interaction with incarcerated boys

Correctional institutions such as youth detention centres are highly emotional places, yet there are only a few studies of youth in locked institutions that take emotions as their starting point, and those who do primarily focus on explosive affects. Drawing on video ethnographic data from a Swedish youth detention home, this study highlights a mild form of joking, what we call ‘banal humour’, employed by staff and youth as a form of affective practice. Grounded in critical humour studies and affect theory, the paper demonstrates how banal humour contributes to maintaining positive affects, and to mitigate both anger and embarrassment, while simultaneously constructing social order and producing desirable subjectivities in the detention centre.

Prevalence of dichotic deficits in adjudicated adolescents: Implications for language skills and competency within the juvenile justice system

This study reports the prevalence of dichotic listening weaknesses in 10-18-year-old adjudicated adolescents and its potential impact on their language skills. The findings reveal that 35% of adjudicated adolescents exhibited matched dichotic deficit patterns sufficient to diagnose an APD, a prevalence rate that is higher than the 19% rate among age-matched typically developing children but lower than the 45% rate among age-matched children evaluated clinically for an auditory processing disorder (APD). These rates for all groups are significantly higher than the 2-7% prevalence rate commonly reported for APD in the pediatric population. The study also identified a link between low scores on dichotic listening tests and language deficits, suggesting potentially negative consequences for successful navigation through the juvenile justice system for these adolescents. These results challenge the sustained underestimation of auditory processing risks in children and advocate for early identification and treatment of common processing deficits, emphasizing the need for consensus among researchers and clinicians in identifying and treating them. The implications of untreated auditory processing deficit on educational achievement, language skills, and behavior in adjudicated adolescents are discussed, emphasizing how they contribute to the schools-to-prison pipeline in the United States (U.S.). The study concludes by suggesting that early intervention through an evidence-based short-term auditory training protocol can improve dichotic listening and may alleviate some long-term educational underachievement and dysregulated behaviors associated with juvenile incarceration. The findings underscore the need for increased awareness, screening, and intervention for dichotic listening deficits in general and particularly in the at-risk, underserved pediatric populations world-wide.

The Effect of Empathy Training on Bullying Behavior in Juvenile Prisoners: A Quasi Experiment [Letter

The Effect of Empathy Training on Bullying Behavior in Juvenile Prisoners: A Quasi Experiment [Letter

A ‘Minor’ Concern: An In-Depth Analysis on the Rising Incidents and Crime Cycle of Juvenile Delinquency

This paper, titled "A Minor Concern," challenges the prevailing notion that juvenile delinquency is a minor issue, asserting its profound significance in contemporary society. Despite often being marginalised, juvenile delinquency represents a severe challenge that demands immediate and comprehensive attention. The study adopts a multi-faceted approach, beginning with an extensive literature review that exposes systemic flaws, ineffective rehabilitation methods, and socio-economic drivers of juvenile crime. This review forms a critical backdrop for understanding the depth of the issue. The research incorporates an online survey conducted through Google Forms, capturing data from juvenile justice professionals, social workers, and the general public. This survey aims to gauge perceptions and gather empirical data on the prevalence, causes, and effectiveness of current interventions, revealing discrepancies between public views and on-ground realities. Interviews with police officers from C.R. Park, Defence Colony, and Hauz Khas Police Stations provide insights into operational challenges and systemic issues within the juvenile justice system. Their perspectives underscore practical inefficiencies and the urgent need for reform. Further insights are drawn from officers at Delhi Juvenile Home, Majnu-ka-Tila, and The Observation Home for Boys-II, Sewa Kutir, Mukherjee Nagar. Their accounts of the challenges in rehabilitating juvenile offenders highlight the gap between policy intentions and practical outcomes, emphasizing the critical need for effective support and systemic change. In conclusion, "A Minor Concern" aims to demonstrate that juvenile delinquency is a significant issue requiring urgent reform. By integrating literature review, empirical data, and professional insights, the study advocates for a comprehensive revaluation of current juvenile justice practices and the development of effective, evidence-based interventions.

Psychological Aspects and Coping Strategies Among Children of Baal Sudhar Griha, Morang

Background: Child development incorporates physical growth as well as intellectual, language, emotional and social development. During Juvenile home stay they are unable to fulfill their need and requirements of children over the duration of sentences, so many children are compromising their childhood as well as mental health. Assessment of psychological aspects and coping strategies of the children to identify their mental health and their measures to cope or overcome ups and down, also to identify the root causes of offending behavior and measures to prevent such behavior. Assessment of psychological aspects and ability to cope among children of Baal Sudhar Griha, Morang was the objective.&#x0D; Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was adopted. At present 152 children residing at Baal Sudhar Griha of Morang were included by population enumerate sampling method. To assess socio-demographic variables semi- constructed structured questionnaire was used. To assess psychological aspects and coping strategies DASS-21 and Brief Cope was used. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used for data analysis.&#x0D; Results: Most of the children (46%) were facing severe form of psychological challenges like stress, anxiety, depression. Similarly majority (67.1%) of the respondents were found to have emotion focused coping strategies used by the children of Baal Sudhar Griha.&#x0D; Conclusion: Study result reveals that majority of the children were facing severe form of stress, anxiety and depression. Around half of children used emotion focused coping strategies to cope such psychological distress in their day today life.

A study on measures to support self-reliance of students discharged from juvenile correctional facilities based on a correctional welfare perspective

A study on measures to support self-reliance of students discharged from juvenile correctional facilities based on a correctional welfare perspective

The Risk for Readmission to Juvenile Detention: The Role of Trauma Exposure and Trauma-related Mental Health Disorders

The Risk for Readmission to Juvenile Detention: The Role of Trauma Exposure and Trauma-related Mental Health Disorders

Religious coping or coping with religion? Religious belief and practice during incarceration in German youth prisons

Prisoners’ religiosity can be a helpful resource for a successful reintegration into society. Yet, the Christian-focused institutional concepts do not meet the religious needs of Muslims. We assumed that Muslim inmates would find strategies to deal with this lack of religious opportunity structure and postulated that the association between religious practice and belief would change over time. We chose a multi-method approach and collected data of 766 Christian and Muslim inmates from four different youth prisons on religious belief and practice via questionnaires and interviews. Qualitative data illustrates how Muslim inmates experience inequality when it comes to practicing their religion. Religious practice and time served was found to predict religious belief. Time served moderated the association between religious belief and practice. Steeper slopes for Muslims with longer time spent in prison indicated two different coping styles: ‘engage’ and ‘retreat’. However, inmates favored ‘retreat’ over ‘engage’. Further research on Muslims’ religious coping mechanisms is needed to build an understanding of religiosity as a resource during and after incarceration.

Migrant and Marginalized Body in Connection with Digital Technologies as a Prosthesis of the Monstrous

This article situates the (human) body as a signifier for society at large, arguing that developments in many societies of structural and systematic violence that targets minorities such as refugees and first nation peoples, points to a failure of democratic values. Using two examples, we elaborate technology and digital devices as prosthesis of the body, that are also acting as proxy for state violence. The first example is from the carceral archipelago of Manus Island as a site of remote detention of refugees carried out by the Australian government. Refugees held on Manus Island describe the treatment they experience as torture. The second example is drawn from the Australian mainland, telling the stories of First Nations children subjected to abuse and violence in juvenile detention centers. A judicial inquiry (Royal Commission) found that a systematic approach aimed at punishing children constituted torture. The concepts developed in this article are those of bordering and racialization, while the intertwining of human and “more than human life” helps to understand and challenge the necropolitical power evident in (liberal) capitalism.

INCARCERATION HISTORY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH COGNITION AND ISOLATION AMONG OLDER BLACK AMERICANS

Abstract Incarceration is a risk factor for adverse health and disproportionately affects Black Americans. Little is known about its implications for later life functioning. This study investigated the associations between incarceration and social isolation and cognition among older Black Americans. Sample included African American and Caribbean Black respondents aged 50+ from the National Survey of American Life, 2001-2003 (N=1,561; 12.6% with incarceration history). Lifetime incarceration history (yes/no) was defined as having been in jail, prison, or juvenile detention. Continuous cognitive score was measured using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule-II, with higher scores indicating higher cognitive difficulty. Binary isolation was assessed by combining two indicators of frequency of contact and feelings of closeness, for friends and family, using a 4-point Likert scale. Multivariable weighted linear and logistic regressions were fit for the associations between cognitive score and social isolation, respectively. All models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, poverty, education, marital status, and drug use; model for cognition further adjusted for mental health and traumatic experiences and models for isolation further adjusted for discrimination. Moderation by nativity (U.S. versus foreign born) was assessed using interaction. History of incarceration was associated with worse cognition (β = 0.09, 95% CI: -1.48, 1.66) and higher odds of social isolation for frequency (AOR: 1.48 95% CI: 0.89, 2.46) and closeness (AOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.52, 2.15). Results not moderated by nativity. Findings suggest contexts surrounding incarceration, like social supports, may be important engagement points for successful transitions and promotion of psychological and cognitive health in this population.

Self-Forgiveness, Servant-Leadership, and Religious Volunteers in a Juvenile Incarceration Setting

Engaging volunteers with religious backgrounds in a juvenile incarceration setting leads to encountering white saviorism (Raypole, 2021, para. 4) and white evangelicalism as expressed through the theology of these volunteers and their racial demographic. Additionally, white evangelicalism used the language and values of Christian nationalism (Boston, 2021). Servant-leadership is an antidote to white Christian nationalism and can balance the inequalities of relationships between volunteer and incarcerated youth. Specifically, self-forgiveness as a practice of servant-leadership and of incarcerated youth can lead to healing from white Christian nationalism and healing from a criminal background.

Addressing Prison Education and the Obstacles in Ensuring the Right to Education in Indonesian Juvenile Correctional Facilities

Reintegrating juvenile offenders into society with a positive reception is a primary objective of education, aimed at breaking the cycle of incarceration that results in recidivism. This article aims to delineate the prison education policies within Indonesian juvenile correctional facilities (LPKA), focusing on regulatory frameworks and their practical implementation. It focuses on the issue of the LPKA's capability in Indonesia to ensure access to education, which is a fundamental right of juvenile inmates, and on whether its benefits can be felt and realized. Data collection methods encompassed interviews, regulatory assessments, institutional report evaluations, and literature reviews. Findings indicate that, despite a 270% decrease in juvenile inmate numbers from 2018 to 2022, only 68% of this population was granted educational access. Contributing factors include specific regulatory constraints on educational access and a lack of innovative collaborations, even with the reduced workload in LPKA. The study advocates for the initiation of formal educational institutions within LPKA, minimizing reliance on the Ministry of Education and allowing for curriculum adaptation to prevailing conditions.&#x0D; Keywords: Prison Education, Right to Education, Juvenile Correctional Facilities, Juvenile Inmates, Social Rehabilitation

Family Socialization of Adolescents Convicted of Crimes of Varying Severity

Features of family functioning and parent-child interaction affect the success of the socialization process, because parental attitudes and habitual ways of behavior are subsequently reproduced by children in further interaction in society. Aspects of family socialization of adolescents who have committed crimes of varying severity have been little studied in Russia. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of interaction with parents and the features of family socialization of male adolescents convicted of crimes of varying severity. The study involved 280 adolescents, of whom 120 were serving sentences in juvenile correctional facilities, 80 were given and were registered with the penitentiary inspection, 80 were studying in educational institutions in Moscow and had never been held brought before the law for offenses. The average age of the participants was 15.8±0.8 years, all the respondents were male. As main methods the authors used interviews and analysis of personal files as well as a number of psychodiagnostic methods, including: The Scale of Tactics of Behavior in Parent-Child Conflict (adapted by I.A. Furmanova); A Questionnaire on Family Emotional Communications (A.B. Kholmogorova, S.V. Volikova, M.G. Sorokova); Unfinished Sentences Sacks - Sidney Variant (modified by T.A. Zaeko). The results of the study revealed the following reliably significant characteristics of the family socialization of convicted adolescents: living in an incomplete family, dissatisfaction with the financial situation, narcotization and alcoholization of parents, deprivation of parental rights of one of the parents, problems with the law of one of the family members, and fewer children in the family. In the families of adolescents convicted of serious crimes, there was a high level of cruelty and violence against the child on the part of the parents manifested. In the families of probationers, there was a lack of clear rules and methods of discipline, neglect of the child’s needs. The families of all the adolescents with unlawful behavior were characterized by a dysfunctional nature of communication (communication on the part of the parents was dominated by criticism, causing anxiety, prohibiting the expression of emotions, fixating on negative experiences, etc.). The information obtained in the study can be used by employees of the psychological and educational services of the penitentiary system.

A Pilot Study of Yoga with Incarcerated Youth Using the Prison Yoga Project Approach.

In recent decades, there has been more significant implementation and research of yoga programs in prisons and correctional facilities. Existing literature suggests that adult and juvenile prison-based yoga programs may improve stress-management and self-regulation skills; reduce depression, anxiety, aggression, and addictive behaviors; and increase prosocial behaviors. However, yoga in juvenile correctional facilities is still understudied compared to adult populations. The Prison Yoga Project (PYP) and Yoga FLAME (Focus, Letting go, Anger management, Mindfulness, and Exhaling negativity) are two frameworks used to structure the implementation of prison-based yoga programs among incarcerated adolescents. The present study aimed to describe trauma-related stress and self-regulation levels in a sample of incarcerated youth and to explore yoga's effects on developing stress-reduction skills. The study collected measures on overall and in-session stress reduction and baseline self-regulation. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic and public-safety restrictions, the present study was prematurely terminated after 5 months. Only pre-assessment measures were collected. Across time, participants reported a 38% mean stress reduction from the beginning to the end of a yoga session. Incarcerated youth with higher initial self-regulation levels showed higher pre- to post-session improvements in stress. The present findings provide valuable evidence that yoga practice using the combined PYP and FLAME framework can deliver practical benefits to juvenile correctional facilities. Furthermore, yoga may be used to foster rehabilitation, enhance skill development, and facilitate greater success in youth transitioning back into the community.

Legal Protection For Juvenile, Female, and Elderly Prisoners in The Provisions of Facilities

A Penitentiary is an implementing institution of the criminal system that functions to foster prisoners, including in this case women who undergo criminal punishment are required to participate in a whole series of formation activities in prisons. In this case, the effectiveness of the formation of prisoners can set a good example and example to others, especially for women, children, and elderly prisoners. Then the supporting factors can be used as examples for better in the future and factors that can hinder the coaching can be found better solutions. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of coaching female, child, and elderly prisoners and determine the inhibiting and supporting factors of coaching. To overcome problems in the implementation of the development of women, children, and elderly prisoners, synergy is needed between all parties involved, ranging from prisoners, correctional officers, and related agencies to cooperate in the implementation of training for women, children, and elderly prisoners. For this reason, it is necessary to handle and coach to achieve better goals, and if the prisoner has come out, it will create an independent character and have a better leadership spirit

Prevalence of and Gender Differences in Psychiatric Disorders among Juvenile Detainees in South Korea: A Comparative Study.

Background and Objectives: High rates of psychiatric disorders and comorbidities have been reported in juvenile detainees, which have been associated with repeat offenses. However, research into this topic has been limited to Asian countries. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and sexual differences among juvenile detainees in a detention center in South Korea. Materials and Methods: The participants comprised 54 males and 46 females, with a minimum intelligence score of 80. Psychiatric diagnosis was determined using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). The Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2) was used to investigate gender differences. Results: Using the MINI-KID, the most frequent diseases were conduct disorder (CD), alcohol dependence, suicidal tendency, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with statistically significant differences between men and women. Only alcohol abuse was higher in males, while the rest were higher in females. The items with a statistically significant gender difference in MAYSI-2 were alcohol/drug use, feeling depressed/anxious, somatic complaints, suicidal ideation, and traumatic experiences. All items for which gender difference was statistically significant were higher in the proportion of women. Conclusions: Juvenile detainees exhibit high rates of psychiatric disorders and comorbidities. CDs, alcohol dependence, and ADHD are the most common psychiatric disorders among juvenile detainees in South Korea. Assessment of and intervention in psychiatric disorders may help prevent further offenses. These findings highlight the importance of diagnosing and intervening in psychiatric disorders within juvenile detention systems.

Effectiveness of interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses in incarcerated adult populations: a systematic review protocol.

This review will identify, synthesize, and make recommendations regarding the effectiveness of interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) in incarcerated adult settings. High-risk sexual behaviors, intravenous drug use, piercing, and tattooing are well documented within incarceration environments. Despite the World Health Organization's Global Health Sector Strategy on Sexually Transmitted Infections 2016-2021 and the Global Health Sector Strategies on, Respectively, HIV, Viral Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infections for the Period 2022-2030, STI rates within adult incarceration environments continue to rise. Identifying and implementing best-practice interventions to prevent and manage STIs and BBVs will aid infection reduction in correctional settings. The review results will inform the development of educational programs, health promotion, and policies and procedures to improve health outcomes for incarcerated populations. This review will consider studies in any language from any adult incarceration facility. Studies set in juvenile facilities or detention centers will be excluded. Any intervention for preventing or reducing STI and/or BBV transmission will be included. This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Ovid Library, PsycINFO (EBSCO), Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and assess full-text citations against inclusion criteria. Methodological quality will be appraised using JBI's standardized critical appraisal instruments. Where possible, studies will be pooled using meta-analysis. Where statistical pooling is not possible, findings will be presented in narrative format. Certainty of evidence will be ascertained using the GRADE approach. PROSPERO CRD42022325077.