Young Model Research Articles

The efficacy of schema therapy on the inflammation severity in rheumatoid arthritis patients

The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of schema therapy on the severity of inflammation in RA patients. The research method was cohort entry and end of study. The research sample consisted of 30 RA patients meeting the study's inclusion criteria selected through purposeful sampling. The intervention method in this research was schema therapy based on Rizzo, Tweet, Stein, and Young's (2007) model. Descriptive statistics indicators were used to describe the research data, and inferential statistics indicators, including repeated measures analysis of variance, were used to analyze data. The results showed that 16 people (53.3%) were women and 14 (46.7%) were men, i.e., the ratio of males and females in the experimental and control groups was the same. The age range of the two research groups was between 27 and 61 years. The results showed that there is a significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) between the average scores of disease activity intensity and inflammation intensity in the stages before and after the intervention and follow-up, which means that the intensity of disease activity and inflammation intensity in the experimental group significantly You have decreased. On the other hand, the lack of post-test-follow-up difference in inflammation intensity scores (P > 0.05) showed that the effectiveness of schema therapy on the inflammation intensity of patients with RA was stable. It is suggested that in the country's health care system policy, plans should be made to use schema therapy to reduce the patient's pain.

Infrastructural justice for responsible software engineering,

In recent years, we have seen many examples of software products unintentionally causing demonstrable harm. Many guidelines for ethical and responsible computing have been developed in response. Dominant approaches typically attribute liability and blame to individual companies or actors, rather than understanding how the working practices, norms, and cultural understandings in the software industry contribute to such outcomes. In this paper, we propose an understanding of responsibility that is infrastructural, relational, and cultural; thus, providing a foundation to better enable responsible software engineering into the future. Our approach draws on Young's (2006) social connection model of responsibility and Star and Ruhleder's (1994) concept of infrastructure. By bringing these theories together we introduce a concept called infrastructural injustice, which offers a new way for software engineers to consider their opportunities for responsible action with respect to society and the planet. We illustrate the utility of this approach by applying it to an Open-Source software communities’ development of Deepfake technology, to find key leverage points of responsibility that are relevant to both Deepfake technology and software engineering more broadly.

The Carbon Isotopic Ratio and Planet Formation

We present the first detection of 13CCH in a protoplanetary disk (TW Hya). Using observations of C2H, we measure CCH/13CCH = 65 ± 20 gas with a CO isotopic ratio of 12CO/13CO = 21 ± 5. The TW Hya disk exhibits a gas phase C/O that exceeds unity, and C2H is the tracer of this excess carbon. We confirm that the TW Hya gaseous disk exhibits two separate carbon isotopic reservoirs, as noted previously. We explore two theoretical solutions for the development of this dichotomy. One model represents TW Hya today with a protoplanetary disk exposed to a cosmic-ray ionization rate that is below interstellar as consistent with current estimates. We find that this model does not have sufficient ionization in cold (T < 40 K) layers to activate carbon isotopic fractionation. The second model investigates a younger TW Hya protostellar disk exposed to an interstellar cosmic-ray ionization rate. We find that the younger model has sources of ionization deeper in a colder disk that generates two independent isotopic reservoirs. One reservoir is 12C-enriched carried by methane/hydrocarbon ices, and the other is 13C-enriched carried by gaseous CO. The former potentially provides a source of methane/hydrocarbon ices to power the chemistry that generates the anomalously strong C2H emission in this (and other) disk systems in later stages. The latter provides a source of gaseous 13C-rich material to generate isotopic enrichments in forming giant planets, as recently detected in the super-Jupiter TYC 8998-760-1 b by Zhang et al.

Predicting dissolved oxygen level using Young's double-slit experiment optimizer-based weighting model

Accurate prediction of the dissolved oxygen level (DOL) is important for enhancing environmental conditions and facilitating water resource management. However, the irregularity and volatility inherent in DOL pose significant challenges to achieving precise forecasts. A single model usually suffers from low prediction accuracy, narrow application range, and difficult data acquisition. This study proposes a new weighted model that avoids these problems, which could increase the prediction accuracy of the DOL. The weighting constructs of the proposed model (PWM) included eight neural networks and one statistical method and utilized Young's double-slit experimental optimizer as an intelligent weighting tool. To evaluate the effectiveness of PWM, simulations were conducted using real-world data acquired from the Tualatin River Basin in Oregon, United States. Empirical findings unequivocally demonstrated that PWM outperforms both the statistical model and the individual machine learning models, and has the lowest mean absolute percentage error among all the weighted models. Based on two real datasets, the PWM can averagely obtain the mean absolute percentage errors of 1.0216%, 1.4630%, and 1.7087% for one-, two-, and three-step predictions, respectively. This study shows that the PWM can effectively integrate the distinctive merits of deep learning methods, neural networks, and statistical models, thereby increasing forecasting accuracy and providing indispensable technical support for the sustainable development of regional water environments.

Mechanical characterization of nanoporous two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene membranes

• The Molecular Dynamics with ReaxFF potential were used to investigate the mechanical properties of nanoporous two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 MXene. • Young's model decreases with the increase of the area of the nanoporous. • The fracture pressure decrease with the increase of separation distance in the zigzag direction due to anisotropy in the structure of MXene. • The nanoporous Ti 3 C 2 MXene membrane can maintain its mechanical integrity in the reverse osmosis desalination process. We performed a molecular dynamics simulation to study the mechanical properties of nanoporous two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 MXene membranes. The aim is to find out whether these membranes are strong enough to maintain their mechanical integrity in the reverse osmosis desalination process. We modeled the atomic interaction potential of the Ti 3 C 2 system using a reactive force field (ReaxFF) potential. The obtained results indicate that the ultimate strength of nanoporous MXene membranes decreases with an increase in the nanoporous surface and the separation distance in the armchair direction. However, it increases with the decrease of separation distance following the zigzag direction. The Young's modulus of Ti 3 C 2 with a grating nanoporous (112 rectangle pores) was found to be equal to 475.699 GPa and 421.008 GPa, and the calculated fracture pressures at 300K were equal to 30.09 GPa and 28.25 GPa for porous with 28.666 Å 2 and 38.639 Å 2 respectively. The simulation findings are in good agreement with experimental ones for a sample without pores.

Naming famous people through face and voice: a normative study.

Within the large topic of naming disorders, an important and separated chapter belongs to proper names. Defects of proper naming could be a selective linguistic problem. Sometimes, it includes names belonging to various kinds of semantically unique entities, but other times, it has been observed for famous people proper names only. According to Bruce and Young's model, different stages allow to recognize, identify, and name famous people from their faces and voices, subsuming different anatomical pathways, both in right temporal lobe, and their different efficiency in this task. The present study aimed to report the normative data concerning the naming of the same famous people from voice and face. One hundred fifty-three normal subjects underwent a test in which they were requested to name famous people from their face and from their voice. The stimuli belonged to the previously published Famous People Recognition Battery. The mean percentage score on naming from face was 84.42 ± 12.03% (range 55.26-100%) and the mean percentage score on naming from voice was 66.04 ± 16.81% (range 28.13-100%). The difference observed in performance by face and by voice resulted significant (t|153= 15.973; p< 0.001). Regression analyses showed that the percentage score obtained on naming from faces was predicted by education, whereas naming from voice was predicted by education and gender. Naming from voice is more difficult than from face, confirming a different difficulty of the two tasks. Education showed high predicting value for faces and less for voices, whereas gender contributed to predict results only for voices.

Ground surface settlement analysis of shield tunneling under spatial variability of multiple geotechnical parameters

This paper presents an efficient method of shield tunneling reliability analysis using spatial random fields. We introduced two stochastic methods into numerical simulation. The first one computes the maximal ground surface settlement using classical statistics, in which the response surface method is utilized to calculate the failure probability by first-order second moment. Cohesion, internal friction angle, Young's modulus and mechanical model factor are considered as random variables. The second method is the spatial random fields of aforementioned three key geotechnical parameters. Using these two methods, similar multiple soil layers are converted into a stationary random field by local regression as the first step, and then the process is followed by the spatially conditional discretization of multivariate. Failure probability of maximal ground surface settlement is calculated by a subset Monte-Carlo Algorithm. This approach is applied into the four-overlapping shield tunnels of the 5th and 6th metro lines intersecting at Huanhu W Rd station, Tianjin China. The failure analysis results indicated that classical statistics of geotechnical parameters showing higher variability than spatial random fields, which substantially support the complex shield tunneling project.

Lucy's World

Lucy's World Jane Rosenberg LaForge (bio) Lucy, Go See Marianne Maili Chez Soi Press https://chezsoipress.org 370 Pages; Print, $16.99 How do you solve a problem like Marianne Maili, or more to the point, her protagonist Lucy Pilgrim in the novel Lucy, Go See.? Both women, from what can be gleaned through the Internet and the declarations of other characters Maili has created to populate Lucy's world, are gorgeous. They are highly both educated: Maili has a doctorate, and she does not permit her creation to launch her fictional modeling career until after graduating from college. They share a career, and both have a flare for summarizing the glory of travel, love, and sexual conquest. Just how Lucy squanders her adventures and her agency is the impetus for this bildungsroman, but Maili's portrait of Lucy in her crucible is flawed. The moral of Lucy's odyssey is an important one in this era of #MeToo as the nation becomes more aware of the dilemmas women face in reporting sexual assault. However, the presentation of Lucy's life from age 14 to when she is able to make peace, as it seems, with what happened to her is muddled by the novel's technical issues. The text is riddled with inexplicable, spontaneous changes in point of view, when an omniscient voice takes it upon itself to tell the reader what Lucy is not thinking, or how everything will be fine in the future. "She did not even think about how worried her mother might be," we are informed during one of Lucy's getaways between modeling jobs in Europe and Asia. Similarly, Lucy seriously considers whether her beauty, particularly men's reaction to it, precludes her from ever having a genuine relationship with a man. "Lucy wanted to think that human nature was more curious than craving," we are told. But a second later, we learn, "It would take her decades to understand and accept men's disinterest in being with her unless they felt they could eventually be with her sexually, too." One might consider these intrusions mere distractions. But because Lucy's story is ultimately one of recovery, the introduction of a presumably older, and wiser voice reduces her issues to those brought on by youth. In other words, she is sexually assaulted; then she is ignored, if not taken advantage of by a man she may love. Later, she is bullied by her family. If she were more mature, perhaps, she could have avoided these pitfalls. If some of these shifts in point of view are gendered, in the voice of a more authoritative male sensibility, it could also raise a question over whether Lucy's supposed selfactualization, in the end, is authentic. More troubling are what could be described as inconsistencies in Lucy's character and narration. While Maili's rendering of a life circumscribed by sexual assault is convincing—even if Maili seems to drop the subject for almost two hundred pages—she seems undecided whether Lucy is naïve, a free spirit, or potentially suffering from mental illness. To one man, who speaks of living in the sumptuous Waldorf-Astoria Hotel with Lucy someday, Lucy paraphrases Hemingway: "'It's pretty, kind of, to think so.'" This Weltschmerz does not last long, however. On the next page, she asks a potential lover what a diaphragm is and how it works. "'I want to know everything,'" she asks earnestly. Lucy also proclaims herself bisexual, telling a younger model that making love to women "can be very lovely." Through all her travels, Lucy does not embark on a single bisexual relationship. It's possible the briefly glimpsed female friendships here were originally meant to convey a bisexual experience, but that material has been discarded. The author acknowledges in the preface (no page numbers given) that portions of the original manuscript had to be sacrificed for publication. Perhaps this is the case in showing, if not telling, about Lucy's bisexuality. Most injurious to the novel's credibility are its factual errors. The singer of "I'm Walking on Sunshine" is misidentified on page 343, for example. More significantly is the...

Genetically Modified Crops, Inclusion, and Democracy

The public controversy over genetically modified [GM] crops is predominantly framed in terms of health and safety risks to humans and the environment. However, opponents of GM crops are motivated by a wide variety of other social, political, and economic concerns. In this paper, I critically assess the predominance of the health and safety framing in terms of Iris Young's model of communicative democracy. I argue that the health and safety framing leads to the marginalization of the social, political, and economic concerns of GM opponents, within both public discourse and government, and is therefore democratically illegitimate.

Dynamo action and magnetic activity during the pre-main sequence: Influence of rotation and structural changes

AbstractDuring the PMS, structure and rotation rate of stars evolve significantly. We wish to assess the consequences of these drastic changes on stellar dynamo, internal magnetic field topology and activity level by mean of HPC simulations with the ASH code. To answer this question, we develop 3D MHD simulations that represent specific stages of stellar evolution along the PMS. We choose five different models characterized by the radius of their radiative zone following an evolutionary track, from 1 Myr to 50 Myr, computed by a 1D stellar evolution code. We introduce a seed magnetic field in the youngest model and then we spread it through all simulations. First of all, we study the consequences that the increase of rotation rate and the change of geometry of the convective zone have on the dynamo field that exists in the convective envelop. The magnetic energy increases, the topology of the magnetic field becomes more complex and the axisymmetric magnetic field becomes less predominant as the star ages. The computation of the fully convective MHD model shows that a strong dynamo develops with a ratio of magnetic to kinetic energy reaching equipartition and even super-equipartition states in the faster rotating cases. Magnetic fields resulting from our MHD simulations possess a mixed poloidal-toroidal topology with no obvious dominant component. We also study the relaxation of the vestige dynamo magnetic field within the radiative core and found that it satisfies stability criteria. Hence it does not experience a global reconfiguration and instead slowly relaxes by retaining its mixed poloidal-toroidal topology.

Business Suit, Briefcase, and Handkerchief: The Material Culture of Retro Masculinity in &lt;em&gt;The Intern&lt;/em&gt;

Business Suit, Briefcase, and Handkerchief: The Material Culture of Retro Masculinity in &lt;em&gt;The Intern&lt;/em&gt;

Localization of micro- and nano-silica particles in heterophase poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends

This work studies the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters influencing the localization of micro- and nano-silica particles in multiphase mixtures of poly (lactic acid), (PLA), and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PBAT. The surface energies of PLA and PBAT were measured at ambient and high temperature using contact angle and pendant drop techniques respectively. Based on this data, as well as that for silica, Young's model, which estimates the preferred lowest interfacial energy condition, predicts that silica particles should be located in the PBAT phase. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy results confirm that when micro- or nano-silica particles are added to a PLA/PBAT melt, the silica particles are selectively localized in the PBAT phase irrespective of the PLA phase viscosity. The preferential encapsulation of silica particles by PBAT is shown to occur at the early stages of mixing. However, when micro- or nano-silica is initially distributed into the PLA melt prior to PLA/PBAT mixing, two distinct morphological behaviours are observed that persist over long mixing times. Nano-silica in PLA locates perfectly at the PLA/PBAT interface independently of the PLA viscosity while micro-silica locates at the interface with low viscosity PLA and stays distributed within the PLA when it is of high viscosity. It will be shown that the observed localization of micro- and nano-silica particles at the interface is due to the slow migration velocity of the particles at the interface that originates from the very low interfacial tension in this system. The localization of micro-silica particles in high viscosity PLA is related to the slow PLA film draining step close to the PLA-PBAT interface.

Rape-related cognitive distortions: Preliminary findings on the role of early maladaptive schemas

Despite the important focus on the notion of cognitive distortions in the sexual offending area, the relevance of underlying cognitive schemas in sexual offenders has also been suggested. The aim of the present study was to investigate a potential relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) and cognitive distortions in rapists. A total of 33 men convicted for rape completed the Bumby Rape Scale (BRS), the Young Schema Questionnaire — Short form-3 (YSQ-S3), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the Socially Desirable Response Set Measure (SDRS-5). Results showed a significant relationship between the impaired limits schematic domain and the Justifying Rape dimension of the BRS. Specifically, after controlling for psychological distress levels and social desirability tendency, the entitlement/grandiosity schema from the impaired limits domain was a significant predictor of cognitive distortions related to Justifying Rape themes. Overall, despite preliminary, there is some evidence that the Young's Schema-Focused model namely the impaired limits dimension may contribute for the conceptualization of cognitive distortions in rapists and further investigation is recommended.

Estimation and Validation of Offshore Wave Characteristics of Bay of Bengal Cyclones (2008-2009)

Offshore wave characteristics viz; significant wave height (Hs) and peak wave period (Tp) during cyclonic storms are important in planning and design of offshore structures, ship operations and other offshore activities. During June, 2008 to May, 2009 four cyclonic storm (CS) and one depression (D) originated over Bay of Bengal (BoB). In this paper, with the help of empirical formulae (Young's model, 1984; SMB method, 1984 and Sanil et al. (2003) we have estimated the offshore wave characteristics along the tracks of the four CS and one depression using the cyclone wind climate of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). The spectral wave model of MIKE 21 is used to simulate wave characteristics of BOB while the observed wave characteristics off Gopalpur measured at 23 m water depth is used for validation. Various statistical parameters viz. root mean square error (RMSE), scatter index (SI), and correlation coefficient (R) are derived to inter-compare the observed, simulated and estimated results. The observed and simulated values of Hs show very good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.86) while the agreement in case of wave period is relatively lower (R=0.55). Comparison between simulated and estimated Hs shows good agreement for Young's model and SMB method, while Sanil et al. equation shows over estimation as compared to simulation. Similar comparison for Tp shows good agreement with Young's model and Sanil et al. equation and over prediction for SMB method.

Pragmatists, Deliberativists, and Democracy: The Quest for Inclusion

Pragmatists, Deliberativists, and Democracy: The Quest for Inclusion

Effects of Model Age on Adult Female Consumers’ Purchase Intentions and Attitudes for an Age-Specific Product, Clothing

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of model age on female consumers’ purchase intentions and attitudes for an age-specific product such as clothing. The sample for this study consisted of 377 women between the ages of 30-80. The instrument designed for this study included four major scales to assess participants’ beliefs about fashion models depicted in clothing advertisements, participants’ purchase intentions of the clothing worn by the models in the advertisements, participants’ perceived similarity to the models shown in the ads, and participants’ perceived fashionability of the clothing worn by the models. The stimuli used in this study included four full-colored photographs of current fashion models. Findings revealed that participants preferred older models over younger models, with consumers exhibiting greater purchase intent of clothing appearing on older models. Moreover, perceived similarity was found to be a significant predictor of participants’ perspectives of the models, in terms of appearance and attractiveness, fashionability, and purchase intentions.

Pictorial versus structural representations of ingroup and outgroup faces

Mental representations of unfamiliar faces may rely, to a greater or lesser extent, on pictorial cues that are closely linked to the specific image studied, and structural cues that allow for recognition across various transformations. Here, we test participants’ recognition of unfamiliar ingroup and outgroup faces, manipulating image transformation (pose) and exposure duration. The results showed that changes in pose reduced accuracy for outgroup faces but not for ingroup faces. Overall, accuracy increased as exposure duration increased. Accurate responses were made more rapidly than inaccurate responses for both ingroup and outgroup faces, showing that response latency is a useful postdictor of accuracy even for cross-ethnic identifications. The results are discussed in the framework of Bruce and Young's (1986) model of face recognition.

Sex and hemispheric differences in facial invariants extraction

This present study investigates sex differences in hemispheric cooperation during a facial identity matching task. The method used was a divided visual field paradigm in which the probe face was neutral or expressive and the target face was always neutral. Probe and target faces were presented both unilaterally and sequentially. A total of 28 right-handed women and 32 right-handed men participated in this study. The results confirm the women's advantage in face recognition and reveal symmetrical interhemispheric cooperation in women only. In men, processing time was faster when the probe face appeared in the left visual field—and encoded by the right hemisphere—and the target in the right visual field—projected to the left hemisphere—compared to the reverse direction. Interestingly, the data also show that women were not influenced by the expression of the probe face when matching identity, whereas men were always faster when the probe face was neutral, like the target, than when it was expressive. These results are discussed in light of Bruce and Young's (1986) model, and in terms of view-dependent and view-independent processes.

Understanding Voice Perception

Voices carry large amounts of socially relevant information on persons, much like 'auditory faces'. Following Bruce and Young (1986)'s seminal model of face perception, we propose that the cerebral processing of vocal information is organized in interacting but functionally dissociable pathways for processing the three main types of vocal information: speech, identity, and affect. The predictions of the 'auditory face' model of voice perception are reviewed in the light of recent clinical, psychological, and neuroimaging evidence.

An appreciation of Bruce and Young's (1986) serial stage model of face naming after 25 years

The current status of Bruce and Young's (1986) serial model of face naming is discussed 25 years after its original publication. In the first part of the paper, evidence for and against the serial model is reviewed. It is argued that there is no compelling reason why we should abandon Bruce and Young's claim that recall of a name is contingent upon prior retrieval of semantic information about the person. The current status of the claim that people's names are more difficult to recall than the names of objects is then evaluated. Finally, an account of the anatomical location in the brain of Bruce and Young's three processing stages (face familiarity, retrieval of semantic information, retrieval of names) is suggested. In particular, there is evidence that biographical knowledge about familiar people is stored in the right anterior temporal lobes (ATL) and that the left temporal pole (TP) is heavily involved in retrieval of the names of familiar people. The issue of whether these brain areas play a similar role in object processing is also discussed.