The expansion of virtual spaces has fundamentally transformed how individuals—especially youth—participate in political processes. This study focuses on how virtual spaces, particularly social media and online platforms, influence the political attitudes and partisan engagement of Iranian youth born in the 1990s (Gregorian calendar: 1991–2000). This study employed a quantitative research design and utilized Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for evaluation. Data were collected from a sample of 1990s-born youth, and the study hypotheses were tested accordingly. ANOVA was used to analyze mean differences in political attitude scores and partisan activity levels. ANOVA results indicate that virtual spaces have a statistically significant impact on political attitudes (F = 23.53, p < 0.001) and partisan activities (F = 20.80, p < 0.01) among youth born in the 1990s. The findings confirm that virtual spaces play a vital role in shaping the political perspectives and partisan engagement of young individuals. The substantial influence of virtual spaces demonstrates that they serve as essential tools for political expression and participation among the younger generation. However, alongside increased engagement, these spaces also pose challenges such as the potential spread of misinformation and the intensification of political polarization.

Enhancing the appreciation of museums among the younger generation is crucial for preserving cultural heritage, fostering education, and inspiring creativity. The interior experience at the Majapahit Information Center Museum in Trowulan, Indonesia, plays a vital role in creating a welcoming and engaging atmosphere. This study aims to analyze the relationship between young visitors' perceptions and their experiences in museum interiors, with a focus on comparisons between contemporary and traditional environments that emphasize local values. By attracting and involving younger visitors, museums can convey knowledge and promote cultural heritage, thereby supporting efforts to preserve cultural heritage. The study utilized a quantitative approach through an experimental survey involving 75 respondents who evaluated 3D visualizations of two simulated museum settings: one contemporary and one traditional. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze factors contributing to satisfaction with the space, including orientation and navigation, spaciousness and display density, design and display style, lighting, and color. Findings indicate that museum interiors with contemporary interior styles have a significant influence on the cognitive responses, particularly in terms of design style and appearance. Conversely, traditional interior styles significantly impact cognitive responses related to lighting factors, as well as the spaciousness and density of display. These insights offer valuable implications for designing museum environments that resonate with younger audiences and can guide future research in this area.

The agricultural sector in Indonesia faces serious challenges, including the farmer regeneration crisis and the loss of local variety identity. Sabrang Village, with its rich agricultural potential, is the focus of revitalization. The contemporary triennial art museum is considered an appropriate strategy to attract tourists and revive the cultural value of agriculture. This design aims to design the interior design of a contemporary triennial art museum that can revitalize the agricultural area in Sabrang Village, increase the interest of the younger generation in the agricultural sector, preserve local cultural values ​​and identity, and become a forum for the development of contemporary art. The methodology used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively to produce an interior design based on the context and objectives of the study. The results of the study produced an interior design concept with a terraced theme. The facilities designed include an exhibition area, workshop, public hall, office, merchandise store, and support area. This design is expected to create a dynamic, inspiring, and sustainable space, as well as a magnet for tourists and artists.

This study examines the relationship between health literacy and health information seeking behavior in late adolescent students at Surabaya State University through a cross-sectional study. Health literacy is defined as an individual's ability to acquire, understand, evaluate, and use health information for informed decision-making. A total of 229 students aged 17-19 years were respondents who were voluntarily taken using the HSL-EU-16 questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a sufficient level of health literacy with an average score of 14.08, where women had a slightly higher score than men. Health information search behavior was dominated by the use of online media (95.6%) and social media (99.1%), with the frequency of searches more than twice a week for most respondents (67.7%). The analysis showed a significant relationship between health literacy and the type of information search media and social media use, but not with gender, ownership of health applications on smartphones, and frequency of online searches. These findings underscore the importance of using digital media as the main means of increasing health literacy among students to support appropriate health decision-making and healthy lifestyles. Recommendations are given for the development of health literacy-based education programs and applications that are adaptive to the needs of the younger generation.

This study examines the role of religious education in shaping resilient Christian character in the era of Society 5.0, where rapid technological and informational developments present complex challenges. Religious education plays a crucial role in building mental and social resilience while providing a strong moral foundation for the younger generation. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) show that 70% of Indonesian adolescents experience mental pressure due to the rapid technological advancements, highlighting the importance of holistic education. Findings from Satya Wacana Christian University reveal that students actively involved in religious education demonstrate more positive social behavior. Additionally, the use of technology in religious education increased by 40% during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering opportunities for innovative learning. However, only 30% of religious education teachers have received specialized training, indicating the need for educational reforms to enhance teaching quality. This study underscores that effective religious education can shape Christian character capable of facing the challenges of the Society 5.0 era.

This study reexamines the founding philosophy and the legacy of the independence movement of Samil Technical High School on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of Korea’s liberation, with a focus on their significance for education and memory in future generations. Samil School was established in the spirit of the March First Independence Movement, and both teachers and students actively participated in anti-Japanese resistance. Despite Japan’s colonial oppression of education, the school nurtured national consciousness and a spirit of self-determination, values that continue to resonate today. This paper outlines the historical identity of Samil Technical High School and its role in the independence movement, while also presenting directions for transmitting this legacy to the younger generation. Furthermore, the case of Samil Technical High School demonstrates that local educational movements were closely intertwined with the national independence movement. Marking the 80th anniversary of liberation, this study contributes to exploring practical tasks for historical education and the cultivation of communal values.

Toeam Yi Seong-ryeol(1865–1913) was a high-ranking official of the Korean Empire(大韓帝國), born in Oeam Village(巍巖村), Asan. He was a nephew of Empress Myeongseong(Queen Min). After passing the state civil service examination in 1888, he served in various key posts such as Eunggyo(應敎), Seungji(承旨), Governor of Gyeongsangbuk-do(慶尙北道觀察使), and Imperial Household Ministry Special Officer(宮內府 特進官), gaining extensive experience in both local and central government. However, amid the decline of the Korean Empire and the growing aggression of Imperial Japan, Yi experienced deep political disillusionment and self-reflection. He retired to his hometown of Oeam, where he devoted himself to educating younger generations and promoting self-strengthening movements. His life can be understood within the context of his family’s scholarly tradition and ties to the royal household. The memorials, official documents, and his collected writings, Toeam Mungo(退庵文稿), reveal his intellectual pursuit of Neo-Confucian learning as a moral foundation and his belief in practical reform and self-strengthening as essential for national renewal. self-strengthening as essential for national renewal. Yi also submitted memorials criticizing foreign interference and domestic corruption, emphasizing that restoring traditional moral and political order was the key to overcoming national crises. His life stands as a symbolic example of the inner conflicts and tragic fate of the collapsing bureaucratic class of the Korean Empire. Nonetheless, his limitations lay in not fully recognizing the profound structural changes of the era and the overwhelming disadvantage Korea faced in the global power dynamics of his time.

Character education is a fundamental aspect in the formation of students' personalities, especially in the midst of the challenges of globalization and technological developments that have the potential to affect the moral values of the young generation. This research seeks to explain how character education is implemented through the Teaching Campus Program as an effort to reinforce students’ character values at SDN 16 Dasan Agung Baru Mataram. It also aims to identify the specific values being cultivated and to examine both the supporting and inhibiting factors in the process. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, the participants were selected purposively, consisting of the school principal, Islamic Religious Education teachers, Teaching Campus participants, and fourth-grade students. Data were gathered through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with data validity ensured by triangulating sources and techniques. The findings reveal that character education at SDN 16 Dasan Agung Baru Mataram is integrated into learning activities, routine practices, and religious programs such as congregational prayers, morning literacy sessions, flag ceremonies, imtaq activities, and the enforcement of school discipline. Teachers serve as key role models (uswah hasanah) in instilling values among students. The values emphasized include religiosity, discipline, responsibility, honesty, cooperation, tolerance, and environmental awareness. Factors that support the implementation of character education involve the commitment of principals, teachers, and parents, the presence of a positive school culture, and consistent habituation programs. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors include the influence of the environment outside school and social media, limited time for carrying out activities, and the lack of awareness of some students in applying character values. This study concludes that the Teaching Campus Program contributes positively to strengthening the implementation of character education in elementary schools.

In principle, emerging countries such as many in Africa offer great opportunities for innovation, growth, and entrepreneurship to serve the growing middle class both locally and in neighbouring countries. Unfortunately, few young graduates from Higher Education Institutions (HEI) engage in entrepreneurship, even many may remain unemployed at the start of their careers or take jobs for which they are overqualified. Preparing the young generation of HEI graduates and encouraging them to choose entrepreneurship as a career option is key to sustaining economic growth and raising qualified job opportunities. This may require a paradigm shift in higher education to go beyond the development of technical and managerial competencies of students, train them in entrepreneurship, and connect them to entrepreneurs, resources, and business ecosystems. This paper aims to contribute to answering the question: What should HEIs' educational and support conditions be to enhance students' engagement in entrepreneurship and have entrepreneurship as an institutionalized career path? This paper provides a conceptual design of a three-stage entrepreneurship development process, namely intention development, opportunity recognition, and opportunity transformation and and related 5S activities, namely, Starting the process, Sensing, Selecting, Shaping, and Seizing entrepreneurial opportunities, to help students progress successfully through the process. The Design Science Research (DSR) paradigm, based on the concept of ‘knowing through making’, is used for the development of the process and the related 5S activities, and for the pragmatic validity of the process. The paper illustrates the relevance of the proposed process by using the Academy of Traditional Arts (ATA) in Casablanca as a case study and draws first conclusions on the process and its practice. For the rigor phase of the DSR paradigm and to further validate the findings, more applied research is needed, both for the review of the proposed design and the evaluation of the impact of the process and the related 5S activities on the rate of generation of graduate entrepreneurs. This will also be done to ensure the adoption and replicability of the process in different contexts.

Entering marriage is a significant life decision that includes major transitions in one's life. The study investigated the perceptions of marriage among Filipino senior university students majoring in Human and Family Development at a university in the Philippines. It aimed to understand their definition and views of marriage, and the factors that influence their decision to get married. The study employed a two-step descriptive qualitative design, combining initial surveys to identify themes, followed by in-depth interviews for deeper exploration, and purposive sampling to select eight senior students aged 20-22 years old from the University of the Philippines Los Baños in 2019, whose responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that participants define marriage as a lifelong commitment to another person that is legally recognized and strengthened by intimacy. While they viewed marriage as a personal choice, they acknowledged its legal benefits, such as legitimate recognition of their children. Five key factors emerged in their decision to marry: influence of media, family pressure, financial capability, achievement of personal goals, and desire to build their own family. These findings reflect the negotiation between traditional family values and the modern aspirations of the younger generation in the Philippines. The study offers valuable insights for developing culturally-responsive relationship education programs for Filipino students and informing family-oriented policies that address the evolving perspectives of early adults toward marriage.

ABSTRACT Recent studies on postsocialist postmemory have underscored the importance of understanding how this form of memory operates among younger generations. This study analyzes the manifestation of postmemory and the associated emotional responses to the 1989 Romanian Revolution among young people in Timișoara, the city where the uprising began. Drawing on the frameworks of lieu de mémoire and collective memory, the research explores how this historical event, which involves affective spaces and transmitted narratives, is internalized by Generations Y and Z. We employed two brief Q‐surveys conducted during the Revolution's commemorative periods in 2019 and 2024, with emotions analyzed using an adapted version of Plutchik's Wheel and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR). The findings indicate that youth postmemory is characterized by symbolic empathy, with dominant emotions being sadness, solidarity, and gratitude. While the 2019 analysis found no significant overall emotional differences between Generations Y and Z, the 2024 model for Generation Z revealed that family involvement significantly inhibited anger, decreasing the likelihood of reporting it. These results confirm that memory experience is stratified by contextual and familial factors and provide a novel generational comparison of postmemory emotions concerning the 1989 Revolution. The study underscores the necessity of continuous monitoring to prevent the deterioration of this crucial collective memory. The findings demonstrate that postmemory is an inherited coping strategy that facilitates Generation Z's conscious and functional engagement with a complex historical legacy, rather than succumbing to passive emotional burdens.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to examine the association between age and menstrual hygiene practices of the domestic workers of Kolkata. Methods Data were collected from 300 women domestic workers belonging to their reproductive age (15 to 44 years), residing in Kolkata and working as domestic workers. For the analysis of the collected data, the participants were classified into four age-groups − 15–19 years, 20–24 years, 25–29 years and 30–44 years. Correspondence Analysis (CA) was employed to examine interdependent associations between the age-groups and their menstrual hygiene practices. Results Sanitary pad is mostly used by the older women i.e. age-group 30–44 years (0.389) and 24–29 years (0.584), whereas the younger women of aged between 15 and 19 and 20–24 years prefer to use old cloth pieces as menstrual absorbents. The age-group 30–44 years are the only women who change their absorbents frequently i.e. more than 3 times a day (0.623) and also practice safe method of absorbent disposal (0.586) amongst the all groups. The youngest women amongst the study participants i.e. age-group 15–19 years (0.682) are found to be more frequently washing hands with soap after changing absorbents and to clean external genitalia satisfactorily compared to the other groups. Conclusion Age appears to be an important factor for menstrual hygiene practices. Older women maintain good hygiene and employ modern means of hygienic methods, presumably which are learned through experience and everyday situation as they go out for work. The results of this study nevertheless call for targeted awareness-raising programmes to improving menstrual hygiene practices particularly among the younger generation.

This study aims to explore the philosophy of Islamic education grounded in tolerance by revisiting the influential ideas of Gus Dur and assessing their significance for the younger generation in contemporary society. Adopting a qualitative descriptive approach through document analysis, in-depth interviews, and thematic interpretation, the research highlights that values such as tolerance, humanism, intellectual freedom, and respect for diversity are essential foundations for shaping modern Islamic education. The findings indicate that incorporating these principles into educational curricula not only enriches the learning experience but also strengthens inclusive and participatory teaching practices, fostering an environment that encourages open dialogue, mutual understanding, and moderation. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that systematic integration of Gus Dur’s educational philosophy can contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking, ethical awareness, and social responsibility, ensuring that Islamic education remains relevant and responsive to contemporary societal challenges. Overall, the research concludes that implementing these values consistently is crucial for advancing a modern, tolerant, and pluralistic approach to Islamic education that benefits both individuals and society as a whole.

The work examined some aspects of the image of “ideal students and teachersˮ presented in the works of famous medieval European theologians. Often theologians themselves acted as teachers for the younger generation, headed schools. This makes their views on the process of acquiring knowledge, the activities of students and mentors interesting for research. Thus, according to theologians, a mentor and a student should lead a decent way of life, close to a monastic one; strive for knowledge, the search for truth. A good student observes good behavior, calmness, moderation, overcomes vanity and self-interest, gluttony. After all, an overly fat belly dulls any feelings. Not just memorizing the text was encouraged, but its thoughtful retelling. Elements of a dispute were also used, where the central place was given to the mentor. The pace and speed of speech, good manners, the ability to simply tell about complex things were important for the teacher. The age of the mentor was not of great importance. The teacher could punish a negligent ward. There were differences between the requirements for male and female students. The former were brought up in strictness and asceticism, the latter had to maintain purity of morals and thoughts, and avoid communication with males. Note that our research is limited to the 12th-13th centuries - the time of the formation of the first universities and the development of secular education.

This research aims to examine the values of Siri' Na Pacce as a paradigm of Islamic character education based on local culture in South Sulawesi. Siri' Na Pacce is a philosophy of life for the Bugis-Makassar community that contains moral, social, and spiritual values such as self-esteem (siri') and social concern (pacce). This study uses a qualitative approach with the library research method, exploring various cultural, Islamic, and character education literature. The analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically to explore the relevance between Siri' Na Pacce values and the principles of Islamic character education. The research findings indicate that Siri' aligns with the Islamic concepts of 'izzah (self-respect) and haya' (shame toward sin), while Pacce reflects the values of rahmah (compassion) and ukhuwah islamiyah (Islamic brotherhood). These two values have great potential to be integrated into the Islamic character education curriculum thru curriculum approaches, habituation, and role modelling. Case studies in several Islamic educational institutions in South Sulawesi show that applying the values of Siri' Na Pacce can strengthen the character development of students to be honest, responsible, and caring toward others. Thus, Siri' Na Pacce is not only a local cultural heritage, but also a paradigm of Islamic character education that is contextual and relevant in addressing the moral challenges of the younger generation in the era of globalization.

Solving issues of higher education requires cohesion and solidarity among different generational groups. In recent years, however, universities have increasingly encountered a crisis and imbalance of the system in intergenerational relations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the sources of intergenerational conflicts within university educational communities. To achieve this aim, the author conducted a survey involving scientific and pedagogical workers and administrative and management personnel in universities of the Ural Federal District. The survey focused on the issues surrounding intergenerational interaction within the university community (May — July 2025, n = 41). The study reveals that intergenerational conflicts in universities are latent. The key subjects in these conflicts are the older and the younger generations. The author`s study identified two groups of sources of these latent intergenerational conflicts: socio-psychological and social. The paper highlights the significance of social sources, because they are due to the value and institutional contexts of intergenerational interaction. Scientific novelty consists in identifying the sources of intergenerational conflicts among university workers for the development of a comprehensive and differentiated age policy.

The text discusses a study that aims to explore trust among individuals who use their first language in a multilingual setting. The study seeks to understand the level of trust that speakers have in their first language within specific domains and applications. Through a survey-based approach, participants were asked to respond to statements related to various domains where the trust in their first language was examined. The findings revealed that participants generally expressed a high level of trust in their first language, particularly in domains such as their place of residence, the perceived usefulness of the first language, the learning necessity of the first language, confidence-building through its use, its simplicity, and its importance among the younger generation. Conversely, domains such as academic discussions, linguistic inferiority, social media posts, and multimedia choice elicited contrasting responses. Additionally, the research aims to examine the connection between trust in the first language and the speaker’s second language. The objective is to gain a deeper understanding of how speakers place their trust in their first language, which represents their mother tongue. Mother Language, 2024; 8(1-2): 70-100

The Journal of Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention is a distinguished publication within academic circles, providing a valuable platform for the dissemination of innovative research findings from around the globe. The contemporary trends in education and the advancement of critical thinking underscore the necessity for an interdisciplinary approach to addressing the pressing challenges of our era. From a philosophical perspective, the robust concept of ecosystem sustainability represents a paradigm in which partialities from both the natural sciences and the humanities find a firm place, and at the same time, this paradigm offers a creative space for inspiring dialogue beyond the professional mandate of the individual authors of the papers presented. Each issue of the journal presents a range of highly technical perspectives on different issues within ecosystem sustainability, oscillating around a central theme

The objective of this research is to examine the potential of the sphere in the context of architecture for individual housing. The point of departure is the idea of the bubble and the identification of the connotations inherent to it since antiquity that have inspired architects to employ spheres that challenge settled architectural paradigms. The development and use of the sphere are presented through a selection of the most important examples - from the first known utopian vision designed by Antoine Laurent Thomas Vaudoyer in 1783 to the constructed and actually used facilities designed for individual dwellings in the 20th century. The interior design strategies that can address the challenges posed by curved envelope and optimize the use of space in spherical individual dwellings have been further explored in a practical assignment given to students enrolled in the Interior Workshop in the Graduate Programme of Architecture and Urban Planning at the Faculty of Architecture in Zagreb in the academic year 2020/2021. In addition to these architectural problems of formal nature, the intention of this design-driven experiment was to examine the affinity of the younger generation towards moving away from traditional models of layouts for individual housing, with the goal of possibly creating more humanized spaces that support the idea of a new domesticity: nomadic lifestyles, the integration of work into the domestic sphere, new family models (e.g., single-occupant) or the increasing need for privacy. In the architecture of individual housing, the sphere is in general an uncommon phenomenon. And yet there is a perceptible continuity of innovative architectural forays into the search for the most effective application of this elementary geometrical form.

In the midst of modernity, the understanding of Tauhid in Islamic education is often trapped in dogmatic memorisation without rational and spiritual depth, thus necessitating a more philosophical and reflective approach to the concept of divine oneness. This study aimed to analyse the concept of Tauhid through two main philosophical approaches, namely ontology and epistemology, as well as its implementation in Islamic education at MA Lukmanul Hakim. A qualitative method was employed through field research using observation, interviews, and content analysis to explore how Tauhid is understood as the reality of existence (ontology) and how knowledge of divine oneness is acquired and validated (epistemology). The findings show that, ontologically, Tauhid establishes Allah as wājib al-wujūd (absolute existence) who is entirely distinct from creation (laysa kamithlihi shay’un), whereas epistemologically the understanding of Tauhid is constructed through the integration of revelation (dalil naqli), reason (dalil ‘aqli), and spiritual experience (‘irfānī). The internalisation of Tauhid values in the educational process is carried out by harmonising science and religion, whereby science explains the mechanisms of the natural world (how), while Tauhid explains the intellectual agent behind them (who). The study concludes that a philosophical approach to Tauhid not only deepens students’ theoretical understanding but also provides intellectual immunity for the younger generation in facing the challenges of materialism and secularism in contemporary Islamic education.