The hepatitis B care cascade among key populations towards global elimination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Producing high-quality content through open knowledge collaboration presents a dilemma. Successful quality control requires rejecting contributions that do not align with the aims of an open knowledge collaboration system, yet rejections demotivate new contributors from attempting further contributions. Building on research on the regulation of behavior in online communities and on organizational selection, we theorize how the way rejections are communicated affect new contributors. We leverage a change to the rejection notices used by the Stack Overflow community question-answering service to study the issue empirically. First, we use a regression discontinuity in time design to construct a natural experiment to estimate the average treatment effect of more informative rejection notices on the retention of initially rejected contributors. The results show that notices that better explain the reason for rejecting a contributor’s initial question—and therefore reduce uncertainty about the outcome if the contributor tries again—increase retention by approximately 21.7 percentage points. Second, we use a mediation model to study mechanisms by which more informative rejection notices affect contributor performance. We find that more informative notices affect contributor performance through selection rather than performance improvement. Additional contributors, who are retained because of the more informative rejection notices, ask more questions, on average, whereas we find no evidence of individual contributors improving their performance in terms of the quality or quantity of their contributions. Overall, the results suggest that rejection communications offer low-cost interventions to mitigate the trade-off between new contributor retention and the quality of contributions in open knowledge collaboration. This paper was accepted by Hemant Bhargava, information systems. Funding: Financial support from the Fox School of Business, Temple University (Young Scholar Interdisciplinary Forum) is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02720 .

On the 22nd JSHET Young Scholar Award

The current issue is dedicated to women scientists that work closely with us. These are highly qualified individuals in food systems, while the young scholars have a promising journey ahead. I wish to appreciate them for their support and afford them visibility, to be invited for collaboration, talks at conferences, consultancies, or scholarship support. I value them and appreciate them for their unrelenting support to the journal and propagation of food systems knowledge. Although the whole idea of women’s history month was started in the USA, United Kingdom and Australia, with eased communication, it rubs on all of us. For me, every day is woman's day. No problem, it is good to pick a month, a day to focus. Over the years I have focused on widows in my development work, because I became aware of their vulnerability once widowed at the hands of those who once embraced them before. It is bad in certain cultures; all of a sudden, you are no one. Then I started to advocate for smallholder women farmers in Africa, who toil away, with few resources, to feed their families. Over the years, I have supported the girl child with school fees, school uniform and sanitary pads, especially those that show promise but come from impoverished backgrounds. Being a woman myself, who made it despite many challenges, I do understand. And now even as I cut down on professional work, I mentor young scholars, especially women. One told me recently that socially for her as a young married scholar, it is easier to have a mature woman who has been through so much, as a mentor. I agree. I find mentoring is two ways. There is so much for me to learn in this fast-growing AI world. So, to try and keep up, my mentees teach me what my head can absorb. On my part I introduce them to what else they can do beyond their profession, that as women we need to show empathy and support those most vulnerable in the society. The ones I wish to pay special attention to today are the women scientists close to me because either they review for this journal or I mentor them. Being a woman scholar is quite a journey and being a woman scientist is even more challenging but also quite fulfilling. There are tens of thousands more out there. Be proud of yourselves. It is about being inquisitive and seeking answers to the world's most pressing problems. Feel valued and value yourselves as well.

Jazz education is an essential aspect of music education that must adapt to changing student needs, industry trends, and societal expectations. By being responsive to these changes, jazz education can best prepare the next generation of jazz scholars, practitioners, and advocates. This article explores a temporally focused adaptation of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory as put forth by Constance McKoy and Vicki Lind as it applies to jazz education, with particular attention to the microsystem—the interaction between different academic community members, faculty members, students, and the chosen and given families of students. This subsystem of intersections and relationships is significant because it often bears the most affirmational weight on the journey of a young jazz scholar. By adopting an adaptive approach in consideration of all of the systems in the Bronfenbrenner model, jazz educators and institutions of jazz learning can ensure that their programs live on. Additionally, by considering the impact of time and its dimensions, jazz educators can provide students with a comprehensive and meaningful learning experience that connects them to the past, present, and future of this vibrant art form.

In a world where academia's mantra increasingly demands interdisciplinary engagement, legal scholarship faces a choice: uphold its traditional boundaries or embrace disciplinary confluence. This paper explores how legal knowledge maintains its identity while adapting to contemporary academic discourse. It does so through the metaphorical address of a young legal scholar, proposing two crucial epistemic perspectives: the “legal phantasm” – a lawyer's distinct cognitive toolkit for constructing and applying law, and the “spirit of interdisciplinarity” – an attitude fostering creative engagement beyond normative boundaries. By distinguishing between knowledge of law and knowledge about law, the paper argues for a nuanced approach to scholarly engagement. Using the metaphor of dancing with disciplinary strangers, it explores how legal scholars might maintain professional rigour while pursuing intellectual innovation. It argues for epistemologically conscious inquiry that recognises both the necessity of boundaries and the value of their careful transgression. The paper calls for methodological awareness rather than mere interdisciplinary hype, suggesting that meaningful scholarship requires understanding not just whether to dance, but how.

Young Scholar Prize 2025

Establish a noninvasive model to screen metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in children aged 6–14 years in China and its applications in high-obesity-risk countries and regions

On the 8th JSHET Award / On the 21st JSHET Young Scholar Award

Optimal use of β-lactams in neonates: machine learning-based clinical decision support system

Former classroom teacher, teacher educator, and young adult literature scholar, Lisa Hazlett offers insight on her experiences in rural areas and how these experiences prompted her to write her book Teaching Diversity in Rural Schools. In this discussion, she explains the singularity of the Upper Midwest and why place matters when it comes to reading and teaching young adult literature.

Are women's reproductive factors associated with physical frailty and comprehensive frailty in middle-age and later life? Early menarche at <13 years, age at menopause <45 years, surgical menopause, experiencing miscarriage and a shorter reproductive period of <35 years were associated with increased odds of frailty, while having two or three children was related to decreased likelihood of frailty. Evidence has shown that women are frailer than men in all age groups and across different populations, although women have longer lifespans. Female-specific reproductive factors may be related to risk of frailty in women. A population-based cross-sectional study involved 189898 women from the UK Biobank. Frailty phenotype and frailty index were used to assess physical frailty and comprehensive frailty (assessed using 38 health indicators for physical and mental wellbeing), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI between reproductive factors and likelihood of physical frailty and comprehensive frailty. Restricted cubic spline models were used to test the non-linear associations between them. In addition, we examined the combined effect of categorized age at menopause and menopause hormone therapy (MHT) on frailty. There was a J-shape relationship between age at menarche, reproductive period, and frailty; age at menarche <13 years and >16 years, and reproductive period <35 years or >40 years were all associated with increased odds of frailty. There was a negative linear relationship between menopausal age (either natural or surgical) and odds of frailty. Surgical menopause was associated with 30% higher odds of physical frailty (1.34, 1.27-1.43) and 30% higher odds of comprehensive frailty (1.30, 1.25-1.35). Having two or three children was linked to the lowest likelihood of physical frailty (0.48, 0.38-0.59) and comprehensive frailty (0.72, 0.64-0.81). Experiencing a miscarriage increased the odds of frailty. MHT use was linked to increased odds of physical frailty in women with normal age at natural menopause (after 45 years), while no elevated likelihood was observed in women with early natural menopause taking MHT. The reproductive factors were self-reported and the data might be subject to recall bias. We lacked information on the types and initiation time of MHT, could not identify infertile women who later became pregnant, and the number of infertile women may be underestimated. Individuals participating in the UK Biobank are not representative of the general UK population, limiting the generalization of our findings. The reproductive factors experienced by women throughout their life course can potentially predict frailty in middle and old age. Identifying these reproductive factors as potential predictors of frailty can inform healthcare providers and policymakers about the importance of considering a woman's reproductive history when assessing their risk for frailty. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2703800), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273702), Science Fund Program for Excellent Young Scholars of Shandong Province (Overseas) (2022HWYQ-030), Taishan Scholars Project Special Fund (No. tsqnz20221103), and the Qilu Young Scholar (Tier-1) Program (202099000066). All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. N/A.

Disease burden of Parkinson's disease in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021

This article aims to demonstrate the enduring impact of Rodolfo Sacco’s influential contributions to comparative law on the perspectives of young scholars. It explores two pivotal aspects of his research that continue to significantly influence the work of a young scholar—the theory of legal formant and exploration of the relationship between law and language. The article also briefly highlights the relevance of legal comparison in the contemporary European legal context.

The author of the review introduces the voluminous research work written by Adilkhan Adiloglu, a young Turkish scholar, and dedicated to the problem of women's rights and freedoms in the Tatar literature and periodicals of the Jadid era (mid-19th – early 20th centuries). The work’s value lies in the fact that, using rich factual material, the researcher presented the history of the emergence of the national-cultural revival among the Tatars and its outstanding participants. He managed to show the scale of participation of an educated Tatar Muslim woman in this process.

Cheiron's Young Scholar Award Committee is pleased to announce that Matthew Soleiman, a PhD candidate in the Department of History and Science Studies Program at the University of California, San Diego, has been chosen to receive the 2023 award for his paper "Recerebrated: The rise of the clinic in the twentieth-century science of pain." Using published and archival sources, Soleiman's paper examines two key developments in early- to mid-20th-century pain research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Report of Research Exchange Meeting on Biophysics: Young Scholar’s Festival

Health has always been, and always will be, one of the most highly ranked priorities of people. Understanding how health and health behaviours are created, promoted, and maintained in the future under the influence of constant and changing media environments requires a younger generation of scholars in the field of health communication who are willing and able to bring their own ideas and methods to this ever-changing field. The special issue “Young Scholar Action” reflects an effort to embrace these young scholars from the European Journal of Health Communication and ECREA Health Communication.

Gifts are important instruments for forming bonds in interpersonal relationships. Our study analyzes the phenomenon of gift contagion in online groups. Gift contagion encourages social bonds by prompting further gifts; it may also promote group interaction and solidarity. Using data on 36 million online red packet gifts on a large social site in East Asia, we leverage a natural experimental design to identify the social contagion of gift giving in online groups. Our natural experiment is enabled by the randomization of the gift amount allocation algorithm on the platform, which addresses the common challenge of causal identification in observational data. Our study provides evidence of gift contagion: On average, receiving one additional dollar causes a recipient to send 18 cents back to the group within the subsequent 24 hours. Decomposing this effect, we find that it is mainly driven by the extensive margin: more recipients are triggered to send red packets. Moreover, we find that this effect is stronger for “luckiest draw” recipients, suggesting the presence of a group norm regarding the next red packet sender. Finally, we investigate the moderating effects of group- and individual-level social network characteristics on gift contagion as well as the causal impact of receiving gifts on group network structure. Our study has implications for promoting group dynamics and designing marketing strategies for product adoption. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: T. Liu was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72222005] and Tsinghua University [Grant 2022Z04W01032]. J. Tang was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholar [Grant 61825602]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4906 .

Bachar Bakour, Al-Buti and the Syrian Revolution. Islamic Book Trust, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 2020. 349 pp. ISBN-10: 9670526817; ISBN-13: 978-9670526812. Bachar Bakour’s Al-Buti and The Syrian Revolution underscores, through balanced academic analysis, a critical juncture in the history of contemporary Syria, where a horrific war claimed the lives of thousands and displaced millions of others in a calamitous manner around the world. The author has thoroughly examined al-Buti's views on the Syrian revolution and the ensuing war. His insights into al-Buti's legal and maqasidic thinking were based on interviews, document analysis and his personal experience as a young Syrian scholar. The book provides critical insights into al-Buti's positions on the Syrian Revolution and political Islam, Islamist movements and his relationship with the ruling family in Syria.