Behavior Of Young People Research Articles

Prevalence Rates of Sexual Behaviors, Condom Use, and Contraception Among Australian Heterosexual Adolescents

BackgroundThe development of effective health promotion practices and education programs to reduce rates of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy requires accurate, up-to-date information about young people's sexual behaviors. AimsTo provide prevalence rates on sexual behaviors and condom and contraceptive use for Australian year 10–12 heterosexual students in a nationally representative sample. MethodsA nationally representative sample of 2,301 male and 2,055 female year 10 through 12 heterosexual students were recruited to an online survey about their lifetime sexual behaviors and condom and contraceptive use. Means and 95% confidence intervals of weighted data, based on the national census, were reported. OutcomesThe main outcomes of this study were prevalence of sexual behaviors by gender (excluding trans and gender diverse) and prevalence of contraception and condom use among sexually active students by gender. ResultsThe most common sexual behavior was masturbation (96.3% of male students, 78.9% of female students), and the least common behavior was anal or vaginal sex (43.7% of male students, 48.5% of female students). Of the sexually active students, condoms were used by 78.1% of male students and 77.5% of female students at first sexual experience and by 65.1% of male students and 56.8% of female students at their most recent sexual experience, whereas 91.6% of male students and 92.3% of female students used some form of contraception at most recent sexual experience. Clinical TranslationResults provide up-to-date information on the practices clinicians who are likely to encounter with heterosexual cisgender adolescent populations in Australia. Strengths & LimitaitonsThe study represents the largest representative cohort of adolescents in Australia to date. However, comparisons with previous representative studies were limited owing to differing samples by age and culture. ConclusionsCompared with earlier Australian studies, young heterosexual cisgender people today engage in slightly less oral and penetrative sexual behaviors, with the exception of more women receiving oral sex, and are generally consistent in condom and contraceptive use.Fisher CM, Kauer S, Mikolajczak G, et al. Prevalence Rates of Sexual Behaviors, Condom Use, and Contraception Among Australian Heterosexual Adolescents. J Sex Med 2020;17:2313–2321.

Understanding the needs of local youth to inform drug and alcohol prevention and harm reduction services: A qualitative study.

Reducing drug and alcohol harm is a public health priority and the Australian government has adopted a harm minimisation approach to policy. Understanding the needs of local youth is necessary for the design of relevant prevention and harm reduction services. Using 5 unstructured focus groups and 10 interviews involving 30 participants recruited from different settings, this study explored youth perspectives around alcohol and other drugs and the psychosocial factors that influence their substance use. Three main themes were identified. First, young people perceived that drugs fell into a hierarchy related to the harm they cause and the stigma associated with use. Second, the importance of validating a young person's experience with using drugs (regardless of where they were placed on their substance-use trajectory) as a measure to increase the credibility of drug education programs. Third, the significant influence of peers on young people's drug attitudes and behaviours. Drug and alcohol education strategies must be more explicit regarding harm across all drug types, regardless of legal status or perceived social acceptability. Prevention services would benefit from including lived realities from young people's varied and changing experiences with using substances. Peer involvement in the design of preventive strategies (and involvement in participatory research to identify felt needs) is paramount to ensure teachings are grounded in a young person's social context and lived realities. SO WHAT?: This study provides information to guide the development of appropriate and authentic drug and alcohol prevention and harm reduction services for young people.

Teenage social behaviour and emotional well‐being: the role of gender and socio‐economic factors

This article draws on the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) to examine parent ratings of social, emotional and behavioural difficulties and prosocial behaviour in pre‐ and mid‐adolescents. A series of mixed‐design ANOVAs yielded interesting results. Parent ratings of emotional difficulties in girls increased as they moved from pre‐ to mid‐adolescence whereas for boys the reverse was found. Peer problems were found to be on the rise, whereas prosocial skills decreased for 14‐year‐olds. Most importantly, significant associations were found between socio‐economic measures (that is, family income and parent education) and ratings across the domains of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, highlighting the socio‐economic specificity of behaviour and well‐being in adolescents. These findings have significant implications for understanding trends in young people's social behaviour and emotional well‐being from pre‐ to mid‐adolescence within their socio‐economic context.

Does gender matter? Attitude towards waste charging policy and pro-environmental behaviours

Purpose A waste charging policy had been implemented in major Asian cities like Taipei and Seoul years ago. Hong Kong is not yet to charge household rubbish, which is one of the major municipal solid waste sources. Landfill places will be exhausted in a year or two in the city. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of waste charging policies by exploring relationships among social norms, lifestyles, attitudes towards waste charging policy and pro-environmental behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Purposeful sampling was used in this study to recruit university students to take part in the survey. Purposeful sampling helps to make a “highly credible sample” (Gall et al., 2006, p.185). This study distributed questionnaires to respondents aged over 18 years. Among them, there were 404 valid questionnaires (35.6% male; 64.4% female) that were returned with a response rate of 53.9%. Findings It is found that attitude towards waste charging policies affects pro-environmental behaviour through lifestyles and social norms. Female respondents’ pro-environmental behaviours are affected by their lifestyles and social norms. But male respondents’ lifestyle is affected by their attitude towards policy. Attitude towards charging policy does not have an impact on young people's pro-environmental behaviours. Originality/value Social acceptance towards any environmental policy is a must for its final outcome. It is because attitude towards any environmental policy is a starting point to affect pro-environmental behaviours. Female respondents are more engaged in pro-environmental behaviour compared to male. Almost all big cities encourage the re-use, re-cycle and reduce of waste. Before designing and implementing relevant policy, stakeholder participation is important. The new environmental policy usually has stricter measures, such as heavier charge on municipal waste. Policymakers are advised to obtain solid arguments and data support to convince stakeholders.

Complementing the Self-Determination Theory With the Need for Novelty: Motivation and Intention to Be Physically Active in Physical Education Students.

The theoretical framework of the self-determination theory establishes that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and more self-determined motivational forms are related to positive behavioral consequences and, therefore, may increase the intention to be physically active in Physical Education students. In this sense, the need for novelty has been proposed as a psychological need by recent scientific evidence, so it is necessary to prove its possible contribution to the prediction of young people’s behavior. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to test a model that analyzed the power of prediction of the satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence, relatedness, and novelty as well as the motivation experienced in Physical Education on the intention to be physically active. A questionnaire was administered to 1665 Physical Education students with an average age of 12.43 years (SD = 1.87), of which 835 were boys and 830 were girls. An adaptation of the Spanish educational context of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) that includes the need for novelty, the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC), and the Intention to be Physically Active Scale (IPAS) was used. Path analysis results showed that the satisfaction of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, relatedness, and novelty predicted autonomous motivation. On the other hand, the need for autonomy positively predicted controlled motivation, while the satisfaction of relatedness did so negatively. The need for competence and autonomous motivation positively predicted the intention to be physically active in Physical Education students, obtaining an explained variance of 33%. However, controlled motivation was not related in a statistically significant way to the intention to be physically active. In conclusion, the results of the hypothesized model highlight the importance of satisfying all the basic psychological needs (including novelty) and give special emphasis to the need for competence, since it predicts autonomous motivation and the intention to be physically active outside of the educational context.

Influence of financial education programs on young people's behavior: a literature review

Dada la evidente necesidad de educar económica y financieramente a la población, se han implementado en diferentes partes del mundo estrategias y programas que permiten desarrollar los conocimientos y comportamientos financieros de los jóvenes. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que permitan extraer evaluaciones significativas del impacto de dichos programas sobre la transformación de los hábitos y comportamientos de los jóvenes en materia financiera. Por lo que, este artículo busca reconocer la dinámica de publicación de dichos estudios, así como, identificar a través de los resultados de las diferentes investigaciones, los principales comportamientos financieros que logran desarrollar los jóvenes a partir de los programas de educación financiera implementados en instituciones educativas a nivel global. Los resultados de esta investigación revelan que la implementación de estos programas, genera cambios positivos sobre algunos de los comportamientos financieros de los jóvenes, principalmente sobre su comportamiento de ahorro y planificación para la jubilación, lo cual les permite tomar decisiones financieras asertivas, mejorando así su calidad de vida y la de sus familias.

The Function of Proverbs as Educational Media: Anthropological Linguistics on Wolio Proverbs

This study aims to explain the function of proverbs as an educational media in the socio-cultural life of Wolio people in Southeast Sulawesi. The method used in this study was a descriptive qualitative in anthropological linguistics perspective. Data collected through observation and in-depth interviews. Data analysis departs from language analysis and then cultural analysis. This study concludes that Wolio proverb as an educational medium has five important functions in the social life of Wolio people, namely as a means to: (1) teach linguistic knowledge, (2) train the performance of Wolio young people in speaking, (3) instill values wisdom for young people, (4) controlling young people's behavior to conform to agreed norms, and (5) educating Wolio youths to own and uphold their life principles. From these findings, this study confirms that proverbs are a good educational medium because they contain linguistic knowledge and positive cultural values so that they must be kept and preserved by their supporting communities. The role of the government is very important to support the preservation of this proverb.

THE EFFECT OF INDONESIAN YOUTUBER'S AND VLOGGER'S REGISTER ON YOUNG GENERATION BEHAVIOR

YouTube as one of the most popular online platforms today, has brought millions of videos with a variety of entertaining and useful content and has made millions of internet users get access to YouTube. This benefits the content creators so they are competing to make interesting, unique and high-quality videos. Considering the increasing number of YouTubers and Vloggers appearing in Indonesia along with the large number of subscribers indicates that their emergence has become a new trend among the younger generation today.
 Therefore, this research is worth making to investigate the effect of the variety of Indonesian You Tuber and Vlogger on young people's language behavior. The research data is derived from a number of videos uploaded by IndonesianYoutuber and Vlogger by filtering representative content. To obtain the data on the effect of Indonesian You Tubers and Vlogers on the language behavior of the younger generation, it was carried out through questionnaires, interviews, and observations of youth groups to be able to hear firsthand variety of their languages. The data retrieval is done on sampling method of some contents of Youtuber and Vlogger analyzed, then listening to the language used both verbally and non verbally, after that note-taking and documenting the language variety. The data were qualitatively analyzed by appying several sociolinguistic theories. The results of the analysis were descriptively presented to reveal the variety of languages used by well-known Youtubers and Vlogers such as Atta Halilintar, Ria Ricis, Raffi Ahmad, etc. by using light and easy to understand language such as the word gaeess, kuy, tercyduk 
 Youtuber or Vlogger's style of language has an impact on the language behavior of the younger generation today, where they often adopt their favorite Youtuber language style, especially jargon and slang words that often adorn teenagers' conversations today. However this cannot be said to have a negative effect on language behavior because they are quite selective in absorbing and using the Indonesian Youtuber's and Vlogger's language styles.
 Keywords: register, style, YouTuber, Vlogger

School Refusal or Truancy? A Qualitative Study of Misconceptions Among School Personnel About Absenteeism of Children From Immigrant Families

BackgroundSchool refusal is a form of school attendance problem (SAP) distinct from truancy, school withdrawal, and school exclusion; it requires specific mental health care. Schools' identification and referral to care of school refusers depends on school personnel's interpretation of the reasons for absences. Because cultural factors can induce misunderstanding of the young people's behavior and of their parents' attitudes toward school attendance, school personnel can have difficulty understanding these reasons for children with transcultural backgrounds (migrants or children of migrants). The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and opinions of school personnel, mainly teachers, related to school refusal among these students.MethodsGrounded theory methodology was used to conduct 52 qualitative interviews of school personnel in two regions of France. Their daily practices with students presenting with school refusal were addressed in general (i.e., in response to absence of all youth) and in transcultural contexts (i.e., absence of migrant children or children of migrants). This study analyzed the interviews of the 30 participants who reported working with students from transcultural backgrounds.ResultsMany school personnel reported experiencing difficulties, ambivalence, and destabilizing feelings in situations involving immigrant families whose school culture differed from their own. Talking about culture appeared to be taboo for most participants. These situations challenged the participants' usual strategies and forced them to devise new ones to deal with these young people and their families. Although some personnel were at risk of developing exclusionary attitudes, others dealt with school refusal with both commitment and creativity.ConclusionThe tensions experienced by these participants reveal contradictions between the French universalist ideology and the reality of daily life in schools becoming increasingly multicultural. School personnel's attitudes toward children with transcultural backgrounds presenting with school refusal can affect children's access to care and shape social inequalities. Further research should develop, implement, and assess interventions including transcultural training of school personnel, improved use of interpreters at school for migrant families, and the addition of a transcultural dimension to SAP assessment scales, especially for school refusal.

Transition to Adulthood Autonomy Scale for Young People: Design and Validation.

Given that autonomy is a fundamental process in the transition to adulthood, there are several scales that measure the concept as a main construct or a constituent feature of broader constructs. However, most of these scales are based on a notion of autonomy focused on the individual, while the proposed scale aims to incorporate the idea of the individual mediated by others and society. This article aims to show the results of the design and validation process of the Transition to Adulthood Autonomy Scale (EDATVA), which was developed using this approach. A group of 61 items with a Likert-type response scale of four options was used on a sample of 1,148 Spanish and Colombian individuals, aged between 16 and 21. A systematic process was performed using an exploratory factorial analysis. Additional indexes were calculated from the Rasch Model. The matrices obtained from the factorial analysis gave rise to a 4-factor structure comprising a total of 19 items with weights >0.3. In the case of Spain, the KMO test returned a value of 0.80 and in the case of Colombia, 0.83. In the Rasch model, the Item Separation Reliability (0.99) indicates that the items constitute a well-defined variable that meets the local independence assumption. Cronbach's alpha for the Spanish sample was 0.86 and for the Colombian sample 0.85. In conclusion, this new scale consists of four dimensions: self-organization, understanding context, critical thinking, and socio-political engagement. The scale is easy to use and interpret, especially considering the age range of the target population and its possible uses within the contexts of assessing and intervening in young people's behavior. Due to its characteristics, it can be used in family, educational, and social contexts. This scale is valuable for research because its optimal psychometric properties provide an alternative way of understanding autonomy.

Pathways of Disadvantage: Unpacking the Intergenerational Correlation in Welfare

Our goal is to investigate the pathways that link welfare receipt across generations. We undertake a mediation analysis in which we not only calculate the intergenerational correlation in welfare, but also quantify the portion of that correlation that operates through key mechanisms. Our data come from administrative welfare records for young people (aged 23 – 26) and their parents over nearly two decades which have been linked to survey responses from young people at age 18. The mediators we consider jointly explain nearly a third (32.2 percent) of the intergenerational correlation in welfare participation and more than half (52.6 percent) of the link between parental welfare participation and young people's total welfare benefits. The primary mechanism linking welfare receipt across generations is the failure to complete high school. Adolescents in welfare-reliant families experience more disruptions in their schooling (e.g., school changes and residential mobility, expulsions and suspensions) and receive less financial support from their families both of which impact on their chances of completing high school and avoiding the welfare roll. Young people's risk-taking behavior (smoking, illicit drug use, delinquency and pregnancy) is also a key mechanism underpinning intergenerational welfare reliance. Physical and mental health, work-welfare attitudes and academic achievement, in contrast, have a more modest role in transmitting welfare receipt across generations.

A Qualitative Exploration of Electronic Image Sharing Among Young People: Navigating the Issues of Conformity, Trust, Intention, and Reputation.

This research sought to explore the main factors affecting young people's image-sharing behaviors, particularly in the context of peer relationships and norms. Ten focus groups were held with young people aged 13 to 14 years (Grade 9) with a total of 68 participants (39 females and 29 males) across 15 Australian schools contributing to the discussions. Focus groups were divided into either all-girls (n = 4), all-boys (n = 4), or mixed gender (n = 2) participants to observe gender-specific issues. Thematic analysis of the data revealed the considerable complexities that young people encounter daily when sharing images in the online environment, including how they navigate issues of conformity, trust, intention, and reputation. Gender-specific differences in young people's perceptions of risky image sharing were also observed. These findings have important implications for the design of school-based interventions to prevent and reduce harm from image-sharing behaviors, including the appointment and training of cyber ambassadors in schools to help positively influence peer-level norms about image sharing.

Nutritional Behaviour is a Social Problem in the Modern Lifestyle

The purpose of this study is to observe, analyze, compare and educate young people's dietary behaviour. It was noticed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables is low, restricted in many cases to one or two servings per day. This result led to the conclusion that healthy food does not play an important role in young people's eating habits. Given this situation, in a few years, childhood obesity rates could rise alarmingly. The nutrition factors contemplated were: the motivation of young people for a healthy diet; the information they possess about correct nutrition habits and their attitudes for a healthy lifestyle.

'It's got adverts… Always, always there' - Change over time in the impact of junk food marketing on children and young people's dietary behaviours

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in obesity ISSN 2632-9808 (online)

Social influence of e-cigarette smoking prevalence on smoking behaviours among high-school teenagers: Microsimulation experiments.

The prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has rapidly increased among young people, while conventional cigarette use has decreased in this age group. However, some evidence suggests that e-cigarette use is likely to induce conventional cigarette smoking. The present study explored the social influence of the prevalence of e-cigarette use in the peer network and in the general population as a potential mechanism by which e-cigarette use affects adolescents’ overall smoking behaviours. For this purpose, we developed an agent-based model in which young agents repeatedly choose to smoke conventional cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes, or to remain non-smokers. The choice is based on the agent’s evaluation of the utility derived from smoking and attitude towards smoking (‘openness’), which is influenced by smoking prevalence in the agent’s peer network and in the broader society. We also assumed a ‘crossover’ effect between the different types of smoking. The model was calibrated with United States National Youth Tobacco Survey data to reflect real-world numbers. We further simulated the prevalence of different types of smoking under counterfactual scenarios with different levels of openness and crossover effects. The models developed successfully reproduced actual prevalence trends in different types of smoking from 2011 to 2014. Openness to smoking is associated with a dramatic increase in e-cigarette smoking and especially in dual smoking, which cancels out the decline in sole conventional smoking. Larger crossover effects are associated with a higher prevalence of conventional smoking. The simulation results indicate that the social influence of the prevalence of e-cigarette use may influence young people to initiate or continue conventional cigarette smoking. Assessing the impact of e-cigarettes in the general population as a ‘healthier’ alternative to conventional smoking may require carefully monitoring trends in young people’s smoking behaviours.

Social values and civic behaviour among youth in Ireland: The influence of social contexts

As youth civic engagement is widely considered important for social cohesion and democracy, concerns have been expressed regarding a perceived decline in civic and political engagement among young people throughout the western world. While research has shown that the social environment is influential in terms of the development of civic values, knowledge and behaviours among youth, limited research has been conducted on these issues in an Irish context. Drawing on survey research conducted with 167 young people aged 12–15 years in Irish secondary schools, this paper examines young people's civic attitudes and behaviours and how they are linked to their social contexts. Findings indicate that youth report high levels of social responsibility values but low engagement in both online and offline civic engagement. Furthermore, while parent, peer, school and/or community contexts were found to have a significant influence on youths' social responsibility values and offline civic behaviours, youth's online civic behaviours were not connected to these social environments. This study provides insights into the socialisation of civic values and behaviours among young people in Ireland and highlights the importance of investigating the link between the social context and different forms of youth civic involvement.

A RESEARCH ON YOUNG PEOPLE’SPERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS TRADE UNIONS

Gençler genellikle düşük ücretli, düşük statülü ve güvencesiz işlerde çalışmakta ve işgücü piyasasındaki konumları giderek daha fazla istikrarsızlığa maruz kalmakta dolayısıyla sendikal destek ve korumaya daha fazla ihtiyaç duymaları beklenilmektedir. Fakat tüm dünyada olduğu gibi, Türkiye'de de son yıllarda genç sendikalaşma oranı yetişkinlerin oranından daha hızlı düşmektedir. Bu çalışmada genç işgücünün düşük sendika üyelik oranlarının nedenleri arasında yer alan gençlerin sendikaya yönelik tutum ve davranışlarına odaklanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın evreni tam zamanlı/yarı zamanlı, dönemsel veya geçici olarak iş piyasasında yer alan 15-29 yaş grubunda yer alan gençler oluşturmaktadır. Veriler yüz yüze yapılan anket yöntemi ile toplanmış ve verilerin analizinde frekans dağılımı ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları bize gençlerin sendikal tutum ve algılarının olumsuz olmasından ziyade sendika konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıklarını, sendikaların da kendilerini anlatma ve tanıtma konusunda yetersiz ve işlevsiz kaldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Shagaluf: reality television and British working class heterosexuality on holiday in Mallorca

ABSTRACT This paper draws from British reality television to further understand young people's touristic behaviours, actions and identities in Magaluf, Mallorca. The paper utilises thematic analysis in researching the content and imagery of three British reality television programmes and one documentary filmed in Magaluf and adds to the under-researched and limited work on reality television and theoretical understandings concerning the relationship between reality television and destination image. In this focus, the paper will also contribute to emerging ideas concerning how stigma of place(s), as represented through reality television, may serve as an important attraction, rather than a deterrent, to other young people who wish to have the type of holiday or experiences as portrayed on television. Finally, through a particular focus on performances of heterosexuality within the programmes discussed, this paper adds new understandings to the limited work on young men's heterosexualities within all male friendship networks on holiday.

Development of students' spirituality and morality through allegoric tales when teaching English as a foreign language

This paper considers the use of allegoric tales as an effective means of students' ethic education while learning a foreign language. The social and psychological factors of the popularity of allegoric tales among adults in recent times are analysed. The place and role of allegoric tales in the youth's spiritual and moral development are determined. They help pedagogical correction of the young people's social behaviour, offer role models, promote positive interpersonal relationships, social skills, relieve stress and teach to resolve conflicts. The criteria for selecting allegoric tales are determined, the technology of students' moral development through the use of allegoric tales when learning a foreign language is described, and some specific methods are suggested: the method of educational metamorphoses, philosophical dialogue, solving ethical dilemmas, theatre forum, etc. The efficiency of the proposed technology is proved by the results of the experiment carried out at a non-linguistic university. Keywords: Moral development, higher school students, allegoric tales, ethic education, non-linguistic university.

A population-based and case-controlled study of children and adolescents with narcolepsy: Health-related quality of life, adaptive behavior and parental stress.

To investigate health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and adaptive behavior in young people with narcolepsy and stress among their parents. In a cross-sectional exploratory quantitative study design, 37 young people with narcolepsy (8-20 years of age) and their parents were recruited. Thirty-one had post-H1N1 vaccination-related narcolepsy (PHV) and six had narcolepsy not related to PHV (nPHV). In addition, 40 age- and gender-matched controls (aged 5-20 years) were recruited. Thirty-one patients completed the generic HrQoL questionnaire KIDSCREEN and the disease-specific NARQoL-21. HrQoL was found to be significantly diminished in all domains in the PHV group (p=0.001) and in the School/Concentration domain (p=0.004) in the nPHV group compared to age- and gender-matched controls. The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System was completed by parents of 32 patients. They rated their children significantly lower in the General adaptive composite (p=0.026) and the Conceptual (p=0.050) and Social composite scores (p=0.001) compared with reference data on healthy Swedish children's and young people's adaptive behavior. Parents of 36 patients filled in the 36-item short form of the Parenting Stress Index questionnaire. They rated significantly higher Total stress, Parent-child dysfunctional interaction, and Difficult child scores compared with parents of controls (p=0.001, p=0.005, p<0.001). Children with narcolepsy have diminished HrQoL compared with controls. Parents of children with narcolepsy experience impaired adaptive behavior in their children and high levels of parenting stress. Identifying the contributory factors is necessary, and early intervention is crucial in order to improve the HrQoL of these children and their families.