Young Males Research Articles (Page 1)

Epidemiology and injury trends of acetabulum fractures including atypical fractures a tertiary care centre study in North India.

Advanced maternal age induced altered FoxO1 activation and cellular senescence in early placenta development in rats.

Sexual dimorphism assessment through morphological analysis of the sella turcica in multislice computed tomography scans.

Prenatal exposure to a mixture of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and lung function and immune-related outcomes among males in childhood and young adulthood.

Supports for young males' and females’ interest in swimming and competition

This study investigated the impact of epidemiological and demographic Changes on the health and economic burdens of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attributed to non-optimal temperature. Mortality data were from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, while economic data were sourced from multiple databases. The study analyzed global and regional trends in diabetes deaths, mortality rates, and years of life lost (YLL) due to non-optimal temperatures from 1990 to 2021, considering factors such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), gender, region, and age. The economic impact was assessed using YLL and labor market indicators in the 50 most populous countries. In 2021, 102,872 T2DM deaths globally were attributed to non-optimal temperatures, with low-temperature ASMR 1.61 times higher than high-temperature ASMR. From 1990 to 2021, Age-Standardized Mortality Rate(ASMR) for T2DM attributed to high and low temperatures increased significantly (84.17% and 24.06%) in low-to-middle SDI regions. Older adults had the highest mortality rate, and males faced higher risks than females. ASMR peaked at an SDI of 0.48 and decreased with increasing SDI. From 2022 to 2030, the female ASMR from T2DM attributed to non-optimal temperatures is projected to rise by 26.54% in Pakistan and 42.61% in Nepal. Low temperatures remain a major mortality driver, with elderly males and low-SDI populations most at risk. Targeting young males with preventive measures can reduce future mortality. Countries with large populations and low SDI should prioritize temperature interventions to address climate change. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01717-2.

Mechanisms driving breeding dispersal are complex but are of high interest because dispersal strongly links individual fitness to population dynamics. We examine the relative importance of personal information, neighbourhood effects and structural habitat characteristics in determining an individual's propensity for breeding dispersal. We attempted to identify relevant cues for breeding dispersal of a North American territorial migratory bird species, the Black‐capped Vireo Vireo atricapilla . We colour‐marked and radiotagged males in Southwestern Oklahoma, and used a conditional inference tree analysis to evaluate 11 variables that individuals could use as predictors of dispersal. We used the correlation between arrival date and habitat structure to determine habitat preference. Breeding dispersal propensity among Black‐capped Vireos depended mostly on their personal breeding experience, but also on reproductive information gleaned from their neighbours. Older and younger age‐classes that reproduced successfully did not disperse, but younger age‐class individuals that failed to reproduce were more likely to disperse than older individuals within the breeding season. Dispersal events among young males were significantly related to the proportion of their neighbours that successfully reproduced, with more dispersal from neighbourhoods of fewer, less successful neighbours. Vegetation structure within a territory was not identified as a significant cue. However, in this Oklahoma population, Black‐capped Vireos of different ages were spatially segregated into habitats of differing structure, which may further influence neighbourhood quality and the degree to which age‐group participates in breeding dispersal. Our results indicate localized, neighbourhood effects are important to breeding dispersal, which has implications for the establishment of new populations or a stabilization of a population within a metapopulation. Future studies focused on the spatio‐temporal aspects of breeding dispersal would be valuable. Especially useful for future research will be studies of the search behaviours of dispersing individuals and processes involved in selecting new habitat after leaving their initial territory.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical and demographic factors on patient outcomes among motorcycle crash victims and to investigate their associations with injury severity, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital mortality in a conflict-affected region of the Middle East. This retrospective study was conducted in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital located in a conflict-affected area of the Middle East. Data were collected for all patients presenting with motorcycle-related injuries between April 2023 and April 2024. Variables included demographic characteristics, accident mechanisms, trauma severity, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, and clinical outcomes. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to identify predictors of mortality. A total of 721 patients were included. The majority were male (88.1%), and the most frequently affected age group was 11 to 20 years (37.4%). Crashes occurred most often during the summer months and evening hours. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 4.2%, with deaths predominantly associated with severe trauma (96.7%), low Glasgow Coma Scale (≤8), intensive care unit admission, and head, thoracic, or abdominal injuries. Trauma severity demonstrated moderate accuracy in predicting mortality (area under the curve: 0.723). Motorcycle crashes in conflict zones place a significant burden on emergency healthcare systems and predominantly affect young males. These injuries often result in fatal head and thoracic trauma. Our study highlights the critical role of helmet use and vital signs at hospital admission in predicting outcomes and guiding triage decisions. The findings underscore the need to strengthen emergency response systems and implement context-specific trauma management protocols to improve survival in resource-limited conflict settings.

Introduction: Carcinoma of the male breast is a very uncommon malignancy and accounts for less than 1% of all cases of breast carcinoma. The nonspecific presentation, along with low clinical suspicion, usually results in diagnosis at a delayed stage and poorer outcomes. Gynecomastia is a benign proliferation of male breast tissue and is the most common differential diagnosis that can mask underlying malignancy. Objective: To present a rare case of male breast cancer initially misdiagnosed as gynecomastia, and to emphasize the importance of early recognition and accurate differentiation between benign and malignant male breast conditions. Case Report: A 40-year-old male patient presented with a progressively enlarging right breast mass, which was earlier diagnosed as gynecomastia. The mass had been present since childhood but showed notable growth over the past two years. Physical examination revealed a hard, immobile, tender mass, 7 × 10 cm in size, without nipple discharge or axillary lymphadenopathy. Histopathology confirmed mixed carcinoma: invasive carcinoma of no special type with invasive lobular carcinoma. No metastasis was seen on imaging studies. Immunohistochemistry showed ER(+), PR(+), HER2(-), and Ki-67 at 20%. The patient underwent modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy, and tamoxifen therapy, with no recurrence observed at six-month follow-up. Discussion: This case represents the diagnostic dilemma in differentiating male breast cancer from gynecomastia, particularly in young males without any risk factors. The diagnosis is even difficult when it is an invasive lobular carcinoma or a mixed type. Imaging and biopsy remain important in the management. Conclusion: Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for malignancy when dealing with male breast masses. A timely diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment and results in better patient outcomes.

Background: Alcohol intoxication is a well-established risk factor in road traffic accidents (RTAs), yet its role among non-driving road users such as pedestrians, passengers, and cyclists remains underexplored. Postmortem toxicological analysis, particularly of vitreous humour, provides a reliable means of assessing alcohol levels at the time of death, provided contamination by fermentative microorganisms is ruled out. Objective: This study aimed to determine the presence and quantify levels of exogenous ethanol in the vitreous humour of deceased RTA victims. It also sought to analyze the distribution of alcohol intoxication across different road user categories, assess the impact of microbial contamination on toxicological results, and identify demographic patterns among alcohol-positive fatalities. Methods: A total of 100 vitreous humour samples were collected from confirmed RTA fatalities during medico-legal autopsies. Each sample underwent microbiological screening to detect contamination with fermentative bacteria or fungi. Forty-two samples (41.6%) were excluded due to microbial growth, particularly with organisms like Candida albicans, Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus, which can produce ethanol postmortem. The remaining 15 uncontaminated samples were analyzed for ethanol concentration and classified according to forensic toxicology thresholds into light, moderate, heavy, very heavy, and stuporous levels of intoxication. Results: Ethanol levels ranged from 0.04 g% to 0.52 g%. Passengers accounted for the largest proportion of alcohol-positive cases (46.7%), followed by pedestrians (20%), cyclists (20%), and drivers (13.3%). Heavy to very heavy intoxication levels were found predominantly among passengers, while all intoxicated pedestrians exhibited stuporous levels (>0.35 g%). Young adult males (aged 21–40 years) were disproportionately affected. The findings also underscore the necessity of excluding contaminated samples, as postmortem microbial fermentation poses a significant risk of false-positive ethanol detection.

Psychosocial maturity is one of the key factors for understanding the course of criminal offences in juveniles and young adults. Until recently, forensic-psychiatric assessments to diagnose a severe disorder of personality development remained mostly unguided because validated instruments were not available. A new tool, the Young Adult Personality Development (YAPD) instrument, was introduced in 2021 and consists of three dimensions related to psychosocial maturity:YAPD environmental,YAPD pathologyandYAPD developmental tasks failure. The current study tested the reliability (internal consistency, interrater reliability) and concurrent validity of these dimensions. We analysed files of a consecutive sample of young adults in the Canton of Zurich (2007 to 2020, n = 234, mean age: 21.33 years, SD: 1.74 years), who were either assigned to specialised institutional treatment for young adults (Swiss Penal Code [SPC] Article 61) or outpatient treatment (SPC Article 63). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) agreements were used to analyse interrater reliability of YAPD dimensions across three independent raters. In the absence of a gold standard, we analysed concurrent validity by measuring the associations of the YAPD dimensions with expert opinion and sample status (judicial decisions on measures) using multiple logistic regressions. Expert-rated personality development disorder was found to be highly prevalent in both samples. The YAPD dimensions showed adequate-to-good interrater reliability (ICC: 0.74-0.92). In logistic regression models,YAPD developmental tasks failurewas related to diagnoses of severe development disorder and juridical decision on a measure for young adults according to SPC Art. 61.YAPD environmentalwas related to the diagnosis of a severe development disorder.YAPD pathologywas found to be unrelated to the diagnosis of severe personality development disorder. Our findings support theYAPD developmental tasks failuredimension and to a lesser degree theYAPD environmentaldimension as valid dimensions to diagnose severe personality development disorder. Structured assessment instruments such as the YAPD may further improve diagnostic decision-making in forensic psychiatry and psychology.

.Young Black sexual minority males (YBSMM; ages 14-24) navigate intersecting structural and interpersonal stressors that shape theirmental, physical, and sexual health. Moving beyond deficit framings, we apply a person-centered lens to map developmental asset constellations-how internal and external strengths cluster within individuals. By emphasizing resilience and heterogeneity, this approach informs culturally responsive, strengths-based interventions to advance health equity and prevention outcomes. YBSMM (N= 548) residing in three Midwestern U.S. cities completed an online survey assessing external assets (e.g., support, other adult relationships) and internal assets (e.g., positive identity, positive values). Participants also provided demographic information and details about their living conditions, including food and housing security. Latent profile analysis-conducted with Mplus software-identified the most representative asset configurations after evaluating models with two to seven classes. Four distinct profiles were identified: Low Assets, Moderate Assets, Inconsistent Assets, and High Assets. The Low Assets group exhibited vulnerabilities associated with limited social support. The Moderate Assets group reported stable housing but remained susceptible to resource instability. The Inconsistent Assets group experienced pronounced food insecurity yet maintained a positive identity. The High Assets group, characterized by robust socioeconomic resources, demonstrated the highest levels of developmental assets. These findings underscore the complexity of development among YBSMM, highlighting the need for tailored interventions that promote economic stability, affirm identity, and expand access to resources. The results inform policy and practice enhancements that account for the nuanced socioeconomic contexts shaping YBSMM's experiences, fostering resilience and reducing health disparities. Future research should prioritize the design and implementation of strengths-based, culturally competent interventions.

ObjectivesThe last 2 decades have seen a reduction in the use of multiple arterial grafting (MAG) worldwide. The increase in risk profile in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been suggested as a cause for this limited use. This study aims to evaluate national variation at the surgeon and hospital level in the use of MAG while considering patients’ risk profiles.MethodsAll patients who underwent first-time, elective/urgent, isolated CABG in the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2019 were included from the national adult cardiac surgery database. MAG was defined as the use of 2 or more arterial grafts. A 3-level multilevel logistic regression models (level 1: patients, level 2: surgeons, and level 3: hospitals) were used to estimate the variation in the use of MAG at each level.ResultsForty hospitals were identified, in which the MAG use ranged from 0% to 43.79%. A total of 135 978 patients were included in the study, of which 15 310 (11.3%) received MAG. Younger (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.06, P < .001), male (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.19, P < .001), and patients with fewer comorbidities and a higher socioeconomic status were more likely to receive MAG. After propensity score matching, there was no differences between patients who received single or MAG in in-hospital survival (0.8% vs 1.1%, P = .11), return to theatre for bleeding (3.3% vs 3.6%, P = .23), post-operative stroke (0.5% vs 0.3%, P = .08), and deep sternal wound infection (0.8% vs 0.8%, P = .66). Overall, surgeons’ and hospitals’ volumes were not associated with the use of MAG. However, surgeons with a higher volume of off-pump CABG were more likely to offer MAG (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.31-1.42, P < .001). The interclass correlation coefficient was 0.31 at the surgeon level and 0.20 at the hospital level, implying 31% of the variability in the use of MAG is due to systematic differences between surgeons, and 20% due to systematic differences between hospitals.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a considerable variation in both individual surgeons and hospital levels in the use of MAG. Young males with few comorbidities and higher socioeconomic status were more likely to be recipients of MAG. The use of multiple arterial grafts did not seem to increase the incidence of early in-hospital major complications.

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a pivotal role in many diseases that involve distinct pathological mechanisms.ObjectivesSince KP metabolites are potential disease biomarkers, it is crucial to investigate their fluctuations under physiological conditions. As the KP is stress‐responsive, this study examines how peripheral KP metabolites change with core temperature increases induced by two different modalities.MethodsIn this randomized cross‐over study, 11 young healthy males were subjected to (a) exogenous heating via hot water immersion (44°C, EXO), and (b) exertional heating via exercise (EXE), until rectal temperature (Trec) reached 39°C, followed by a recovery phase. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at every 0.5°C Trec increment during both the heating and recovery phases. Plasma levels of KP metabolites, stress, and metabolic markers were measured. Correlation analyses between kynurenine pathway metabolites and stress markers were computed over the course of the trials.ResultsEXE and EXO trials induced the KP, but to different extents. Most plasma KP metabolite concentrations (kynurenic acid, picolinic acid, 3‐hydrokynurenine, quinolinic acid) increased. Stress markers were elevated in both trials. Changes in KP metabolites, stress, and metabolic markers were not persistent, and returned to baseline following recovery.ConclusionAn elevation in body temperature by heat exposure or exercise increases peripheral concentration of several KP metabolites that return to baseline upon trial cessation, suggesting that KP enzymes are adaptable to physiological stressors.

Background: Penetrating abdominal trauma is a critical, high-stakes emergency and a leading cause of trauma-related mortality, particularly among young males in urban settings. It involves a breach of the abdominal wall by objects such as knives or bullets, posing immediate risks of life-threatening hemorrhage and hollow viscus perforation. Aim: This article synthesizes the current principles for managing penetrating abdominal trauma in the emergency department, focusing on rapid triage, accurate evaluation, and decisive intervention to control hemorrhage and contamination, thereby reducing preventable deaths. Methods: The review outlines a protocol-driven approach based on Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) principles. Key diagnostic methods include the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) for unstable patients and computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast for stable patients to identify injury tracts and organ damage. Management pathways are stratified by patient physiology. Results: Hemodynamically unstable patients require immediate surgical exploration. For stable patients, Selective Non-Operative Management (SNOM) is increasingly viable, supported by serial examinations and imaging. Minimally invasive techniques like laparoscopy and endovascular interventions (e.g., REBOA, angioembolization) have expanded treatment options, reduced the rate of non-therapeutic laparotomies and improving outcomes. Conclusion: Successful management hinges on a disciplined, algorithm-based approach that integrates rapid assessment, judicious use of imaging, and a spectrum of interventions from observation to damage-control surgery. This systematic strategy is essential for optimizing survival and minimizing complications.

Background: Sex-based differences in survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been widely studied, but the joint effect of age and sex remains unclear. Aims: To examine the joint effect of age and sex on OHCA outcomes, hypothesizing that older females have lower rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital discharge. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the British Columbia (BC) site of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Cardiac Arrest registry (2011–2016). EMS-treated adult OHCA patients were included; traumatic arrests and DNR cases were excluded. Patients were stratified into four age-sex groups: younger females (18–47 years), younger males (18–47), older females (≥53), and older males (≥53). To reduce misclassification bias, we excluded 833 patients aged 48–52. Multivariable logistic regression assessed differences in ROSC and survival between groups, using younger females as the reference and adjusting for Utstein predictors. Results: A total of 6,454 cases were included in the analysis. Older females had the lowest rates of public location arrests (7.1%) and shockable rhythms (12.4%). Crude ROSC rate was lowest in older females (33.9%) compared to other groups: older males (35.4%), younger males (38.7%), and younger females (38.9%) (p = 0.33). Crude survival to hospital discharge differed significantly across groups, with older females having the lowest survival rate (6.1%) (p &lt; 0.001) (Table 1). After adjusting for Utstein predictors, the odds of ROSC were significantly lower in younger males (OR 0.76, p = 0.01), older females (OR 0.75, p = 0.006), and older males (OR 0.63, p &lt; 0.001), compared to younger females (reference group). For survival to hospital discharge, older females had the lowest odds (OR 0.30, p &lt; 0.001), followed by older males (OR 0.42, p &lt; 0.001). The odds of survival in younger males did not differ significantly from younger females (OR 1.02, p = 0.87) (Table 2). Conclusion: Older females exhibited the lowest rates of ROSC and survival to hospital discharge. Adjusted analysis confirmed significantly lower odds of both outcomes in this group. The lower prevalence of shockable rhythms among older females may partially explain these disparities; however, further investigation is warranted to identify additional factors contributing to these disparities in outcomes.

Background: Cocaine use is a growing global public health concern, with its use rising steadily over the past decades. As a potent sympathomimetic agent, cocaine is linked to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular(CV) complications. Among these complications, heart failure (HF) stands out as one of the most severe and disabling consequences of chronic cocaine exposure. Method: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 was utilized to quantify the non-fatal burden of HF attributable to cocaine use disorders(CUDs) across 204 countries and territories from 1990-2021. Prevalence and YLDs were estimated using standardized case definitions and epidemiological modeling techniques, and age-standardized rates were calculated to allow for temporal and regional comparisons. Annualized percentage change(APC) was used to assess trends. Estimates were stratified by sex, age group, region. Results: Between 1990-2021, the global prevalence of HF attributable to CUDs rose markedly from 10,413(95%UI:8,240–13,061) to 42,284(34,080–52,224), while YLDs increased from 965(608–1,445) to 3,921(2,549–5,671). This reflects a 306% increase in total prevalence, significantly outpacing the 118% rise observed for all-cause HF. Regionally, the most pronounced APC increases in age-standardized prevalence rates were observed in Australasia 9.21%, Tropical Latin America 8.75%, High-income North America 6.57%, Southern Latin America 6.10%, High-income Asia Pacific 5.18%, and Western Europe 4.02%. In 2021, over half 54.15% of all global HF cases due to CUDs were concentrated in high-income regions (HIC), with the United States(US) alone accounting for 75%(17,246/22,901) of the burden. By age, the highest prevalence rate was recorded in the 15–39 age group (0.85 per 100,000), followed by 40–44 (0.75), 45–49 (0.67), 50–54 (0.65), and 55+ (0.53) age brackets in 2021. Sex-specific trends showed a disproportionately higher burden among males, with a 366% increase, compared to 237% in females. Conclusion: HF attributable to CUDs is an escalating global concern, with a disproportionate burden falling on young males in HIC—particularly the U.S, which accounts for three-quarters of the total cases in these settings. This trend highlights how substance use is silently dismantling CV health among youth in economically advanced nations. While the burden remains lower in low-income countries, increasing drug accessibility and limited health infrastructure raise the risk of a similar surge.

Background: Libman-Sacks endocarditis (LSE) is a rare, non-infective form of endocarditis, often associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It is characterized by sterile, verrucous vegetations that typically affect the mitral and aortic valves. While mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation are more frequently reported, severe aortic stenosis (AS) as the primary manifestation of LSE is exceedingly rare, with a reported prevalence of only 1.1% among affected patients. Even more unusual is its presentation as the first sign of undiagnosed SLE in a male patient, given the strong female predominance of the disease, with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 8:1. Case: A previously healthy 37-year-old male, presented with severe chest pain. A Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed severe aortic stenosis (Figure1), with vegetations on the right coronary cusp (RCC) and non-coronary cusp (NCC) of the aortic valve. His left ventricular ejection fraction was reported as normal, and minimal pericardial effusion was also detected. Infective endocarditis and pericarditis were suspected and he was started on analgesics and colchicine. Empirical antibiotic treatment was initiated, and blood cultures were collected. Transesophageal echo revealed vegetation on the RCC and NCC of the aortic valve, confirming endocarditis (Figure2). His blood cultures returned with negative results, and an autoimmune workup was consistent with the diagnosis of SLE and APS (Table1). A diagnosis of Libman-Sacks endocarditis was suspected as the underlying cause of the valvular disease. He was started on prednisolone, enoxaparin, hydroxychloroquine, warfarin, and aspirin. On follow-up six months later, TEE and TTE showed no significant change in the severity of his AS, nor the vegetation. Therefore, an aortic valve replacement was planned. Discussion: This is a rare case of a male patient with no prior symptoms who presented with LSE as the first manifestation of SLE and APS. It involved severe aortic stenosis, a less common outcome, as LSE typically causes regurgitation. Diagnosis was challenging due to the atypical presentation and initial suspicion of infection. Despite immunosuppressive treatment, the stenosis persisted, necessitating eventual aortic valve replacement. Early diagnosis and management of SLE and APS are crucial to reduce the risk of thromboembolic complications and potentially prevent irreversible organ damage.

Introduction/Background: The COVID-19 vaccines has been pivotal in controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission and reducing hospitalization and mortality. Authorized vaccines, including mRNA-based and adenoviral vector platforms, have demonstrated strong safety and efficacy profiles. However, post-marketing surveillance has identified rare cases of vaccine-associated myocarditis and pericarditis, predominantly among young males following mRNA vaccines. Understanding these occurrences is essential to inform risk-benefit analyses and guide clinical management. Research Questions/Hypothesis: What is the clinical presentation and outcome of myocarditis and related cardiologic manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination? Goals/Aims: This review aims to evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, and short-term outcomes of myocarditis, pericarditis, and myopericarditis following COVID-19 immunization. Methods/Approach: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, PMC, Embase, Google Scholar, and the VAERS database to identify relevant literature between March 2020 and April 2022. A total of 98 studies were screened, and 75 met the inclusion criteria, including 47 primary studies (case reports/series) detailing 103 individual cases. English-language studies involving adverse cardiac events temporally related to COVID-19 vaccination in the U.S. were included. Results/Data: Of the 103 reported cases, myocarditis was most prevalent (n=88, 85.4%), followed by myopericarditis (n=10) and pericarditis (n=5). Most cases (n=90, 87.4%) involved male patients, particularly aged 16–30. The BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccine was associated with the highest number of cases (n=67), followed by mRNA1273 (Moderna, n=29), and Ad26.COV2.S (J&amp;J, n=4). The average symptom onset was 3.5 days post-vaccination, with chest pain (90.9%) being the most common symptom. Elevated troponin (89.7%), ECG abnormalities (80.6%), and cardiac MRI findings consistent with myocarditis (70.4%) were frequently reported. Clinical outcomes were favorable in 93.1% of cases, with symptom resolution and discharge. Five deaths were reported.

Vascular aging is characterized by a tandem increase in pulse pressure and large elastic artery stiffness. Greater stiffness of the large arteries leads to elevated pulse pressure transmitted into the cerebral circulation, causing dysfunction. However, little is known in females about age-related stiffening of the arteries and the impacts of high pulse pressure on the cerebral vasculature. To examine the effects of sex and age on the cerebral artery response to pulse pressure, we studied cerebral arteries collected from young and old female and male C57BL/6 mice. Isolated posterior cerebral arteries (141.3±3.9 μm diameter), were exposed ex vivo to acute static pressure, low pulse pressure, and high pulse pressure. Exposure to high pulse pressure impaired endothelium-dependent dilation in cerebral arteries from young female and male mice, with impairments also occurring in young female cerebral arteries after exposure to low pulse pressure. In contrast, exposure to low or high pulse pressure had minimal effects on cerebral artery endothelium-dependent dilation in old male and female mice. During exposure to high pulse pressure, young females had higher cerebral artery compliance compared with young males and old females. Old mice had higher cerebral artery passive stiffness and aortic pulse wave velocity compared with young mice. We also found age and sex differences in arterial wall thickness, collagen and elastin content, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression. Taken together, young female mice have more compliant cerebral arteries, which are more susceptible to endothelial dysfunction caused by pulse pressure.