Young Kids Research Articles

Advertising on television and children's purchasing patterns

The goal is to understand how children's cognitive abilities affect how they comprehend television commercials and how they develop opinions about them. The goal of this essay is to examine how children's perceptions of television advertising affect their subsequent purchasing choices. Methodology, design, and strategy - Experimental and descriptive methods have been used in this study. A literature study and deep conversations with pediatricians, marketers, and families of young kids are part of exploratory research. It was further developed by conducting a survey of kids between the ages of five and eleven whilst they were participating in class. The student teacher provided help with filling out the questionnaires, which had response possibilities presented in a visual form. Findings: There is a market for the advertised goods. Children's perceptions of commercials have a significant impact on consumer demand for the things that are promoted. Additionally, the cognitive development of the various age groups results in the development of diverse attitudes toward the commercials. However, there are other strong elements outside ads that cause people to desire a product or brand. Investigation limitations/implications: The study was conducted among students in Delhi's National Capital Region English-medium schools. As a result, the sample size is too limited. There hasn't been any investigation into how the various purchase aspects interact with one another

Inclusive Development through Providing Vertical Housing for Low Income Family in Yogyakarta Urban Areas

Inclusive development is meant to accommodate the marginalised people, most of whom are the poor with the problem of fulfilling their need for housing. The government has tried hard to meet the need of housing by constructing rusunawa. This paper is aimed at describing the provision and uses of rusunawa, both in cities and peri-urban area by studying the cases in the City of Yogyakarta, Sleman Regency, and Bantul Regency. The study was conducted by doing observation and both structured and in-depth interviews. The research results show that rusunawa were viewed as one solution to help a low-income family in fulfilling their need for housing. In some cases in the City of Yogyakarta, rusunawa plays an essential role in preventing the settlement along both sides of rivers from becoming slum areas. Rusunawa in both Regencies of Sleman and Bantul is located near the city, so it is easy for the settlers to get to their workplace. The construction of rusunawa has also paid attention to the disabled by providing exceptional facilities. The same case is providing a playground for children and facilities for early education for young kids. However, there have not been special facilities for the elderly and pregnant women.

공용화장실에서 적정 조도 및 색온도 범위 도출

A Public toilet is the sanitary space, which is installed for public citizens or guardians, or customers so that they can wash hands, or relieve themselves, and it is installed alone or as a part of a building. It is used widely from young kids to the elderly. In the private space where an individual lives, personalized lighting design could be made, but in case of the public space where many and unspecified persons use, it’s necessary to arrange the lighting design reflecting the common visual properties, and sensibility reaction of all ages. Accordingly, This study intended to deduct the optimum color temperature and illumination scope corresponding to majors of toilet uses in their 20s～50s performed at a public toilet. As a result of the comprehensive analysis, it was found that 400lx in illumination of 4,000～5,000K in color temperature was the most optimal as the lighting environment for a public toilet. In addition, it was found that there was no difference between the illumination and color temperature of lighting by behavior. This study deducted the evaluation result targeting the age groups in their 20s～30s, and 40s～50s.

A Method for Assessing the Development of Children under Six Years of Age

In this paper we propose a method for monitoring and evaluating the development and early education of children under the age of six by using historical and cultural heritage objects. We begin with outlining several problems identified in our research and then describe the internals of our method. Last, we define an architecture for and describe the characteristics of an online platform for managing the full process assessing and improving skills of young kids.

Complication of newborn circumcision: Meatal stenosis or meatal web?

Meatal stenosis (MS) is a known complication of newborn circumcision. Symptoms are usually masked in young kids with a diaper. Deflation of urinary stream, dysuria, urinary frequency, and incontinence are the most common reported symptoms. Diagnosis of MS is still controversial. A narrow pinpoint urethral meatus is the current accepted diagnostic criteria. In our practice, we observed that our cases do not overlap to the classic definition and presentation of MS. In this study, we presented our cases and aimed to share our observations. Records of children who had meatoplasty between 2014 with 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Only children with MS who had had newborn circumcision performed in our clinic were included in the study. Over 500 newborn circumcisions are performed per year in our clinic using the Gomco Clamp technique. Age at diagnosis, presenting complaints, penile anomalies including urethral meatus configuration, urinary symptoms, operation methods, and postoperative follow-up were gathered. A total of 13 boys who were circumcised in the newborn period had undergone meatoplasty with the diagnosis of MS. The mean age at the time of meatoplasty was 52.5±17.9 (range 37-93 months). All children were examined before and during the circumcision. There were no associated penile anomalies, including MS. The only presenting complaint was upward deflation of urinary stream instead of other lower urinary tract symptoms. Although the appearance of the meatus was pinpoint in all cases (Figure); it was easy to calibrate with an 8-10 Fr feeding tube. There was no stenosis, but a ventral web was detected. Meatoplasty with removal of this web was performed under general anesthesia. Two sutures were applied at 5 and 7 o'clock with 7/0 PDS. Mean postoperative follow-up time was 16.9±7.5 months. Children were pleased with direction of urinary stream. Both the diagnosis and morphological definition of MS have some controversies. To our knowledge, there is no similar reported study with pinpoint appearance and normal calibration of the meatus. There was no stenosis in any of them. Unlike classical MS presentations, upward deflation of urinary stream resulting from ventral web was a single presenting complaint. Upward deflation of urinary stream can develop afterneonatal circumcision because of a meatal web without stenosis, and can be cured easily with meatoplasty. Instead of 'meatal stenosis', 'meatal web' may be a moreappropriate term to explain the pathology in these patients.

Impact of parasitism in goat production

Goats can be infected by protozoan or metazoan parasites, in internal infections or external infestations, in certain predilection organs or found at various sites. Parasitism leads to depletion of resources of affected animals, as well as, in many cases, in decreased feed intake, resulting in reduced production. These production constraints are particularly important in many tropical or subtropical areas, where goats play an essential role in the agricultural economy. The present paper summarises the potential impact of parasitism in the production of goats and discusses specific examples of adverse effects in the various facets of goat production. Animals with highest milk yield have particularly significantly decrease in milk production in cases of parasitic infections, but no changes in milk composition. In relation to effects of gastrointestinal parasitism in goat-kids, it has been found that growth rate of kids increased and carcasses produced were of better quality after administration of effective anthelmintic drug. Various parasitic infections adversely affect reproductive efficiency in herds; for example, genital myiosis would cause lesions impeding mating, scrotal sarcoptic mange can lead to reduction of testicular mass and besnoitosis may affect the testes, whilst protozoa have a foetopathic effect, causing abortions and/or stillbirths, and long-term reduction of reproductive output in affected does, as well as infecting young kids, causing increased neonatal mortality. Finally, the various ectoparasites affecting goats (e.g., Mallophaga lice or Przhevalskiana silenus) cause severe damage on the skin of affected animals, which would render their hair unsuitable for processing or would reduce its value.

Effects of farm management practices and transport duration on stress response and meat quality traits of suckling goat kids

Studies aimed to assess up to what extent farming and transport previous to slaughtering might affect physiology and meat quality in young goat kids are needed, with the ultimate purpose of promoting practices that minimize stress in these animals. In this regard the effects of on-farm management and transport duration on some physiological responses and meat quality parameters in goat kids were assessed. Two farms representing ‘high’ and ‘low’ welfare-friendly management practices were selected. In total, 32 suckling kids were withdrawn from each farm, transported by road for 2 or 6 h, and then slaughtered. Blood samples were collected both on-farm and in the slaughterhouse, and biochemistry, cell counts and haematocrit were determined. After slaughtering, carcass quality parameters were measured. Longissimus dorsi muscle was dissected and pH, colour parameters, water holding capacity and shear force were measured throughout 8-day ageing period. Results indicate that, regardless its duration, transport caused significant effects on some blood parameters suggesting stress in live animals, like glucose, cortisol or creatine kinase. Despite the marked stress status in animals, this condition was not decisively reflected on L. dorsi quality parameters, but some effects were observed regarding fat cover in carcasses and colour parameters. The results suggest that postmortem changes throughout ageing were more decisive in terms of meat quality than stressful management either on-farm or during transport.

An Epic Viewpoint: An Interview with Judy Faulkner, CEO of Epic Systems

An Epic Viewpoint: An Interview with Judy Faulkner, CEO of Epic Systems

The Nilgiri Tahr (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae: Nilgiritragus hylocrius Ogilby, 1838) in the Agastyamalai range, Western Ghats, India: population status and threats

The Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius Ogilby, 1838) has not been comprehensively surveyed in the southern Western Ghats, India. Here we present results of a survey conducted in 2012 and 2013 in 25 sites where Nilgiri Tahr was reported in Agastyamalai range south of the Shencottah gap. The objectives of the survey were to assess population status; evaluate threats and propose conservation measures. In each site the geographical coordinates were noted. If Nilgiri Tahr (=Tahr) were sighted, the number and herd structure were recorded. Indirect signs of Tahr presence such as faecal pellets and feedback from local informants were noted in sites with no direct sightings of Tahr. The total sightings were 247 Tahr in 10 sites, and indication of Tahr presence in seven sites. Only two populations viz. Kalamalai-Varraiattumudi and Muthukulivayal-Balamore were large (>30 individuals). Tahr were not present in eight sites: of which four had earlier records of Tahr presence, and the other four had no prior data. There was a significant positive association between percentage of young (kids and yearlings) and number of Tahr sighted. Illegal hunting was widespread in the past, and continues to be a serious threat. Loss of Tahr grazing habitat to successional processes resulting in increased tree cover, is a long term threat that could increase with climate change. A landscape level management plan to reconnect small populations, rehabilitate Tahr in sites where they have disappeared, use fire to restore short grass habitats, and stringent curb on illegal hunting is required for the long term viability of the Nilgiri Tahr in this region.

Effect of peritoneal dialysis on malarial AKI children: a cross sectional study

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the main stream of treatment as renal replacement therapy in pediatric patients with AKI in developing countries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-recognized complication of severe malaria in adults, but its incidence, prevalence and clinical importance in paediatric medicine not well documented. Objectives: To find out the effect of peritoneal dialysis on outcome of malarial AKI children in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A cross-sectional study done in under 14 children suffering from severe malaria (SM). Neonates, children with associated pre-existing renal disease or having chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute on CKD and known hypertensives were excluded. All the enrolled children were screen for AKI as per KDIGO guidelines & categorised in two three stages. PD was done as per the predefined criteria& all relevant data were analysed with computer generated software. Results: Out of 406 SM cases, AKI detected in 15% with female predominance Mortality among renal failure patients is 26.67%. PD required in 52.0% of patients & mortality rate of 25.0% in KDIGO stage I, II but 55.0% in KDIGO Stage III significance(p=0.000). There is a significant correlation between pre dialysis & post dialysis serum urea/ creatinine/ potassium/ TPC & urine output (p = 0.000). Conclusion: AKI is an under-recognized complication in young kids with SM and is related to enhanced acute/ long-term morbidity & mortality. Its early detection & intervention by peritoneal dialysis improves the same. Keywords: Severe malaria (SM), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), Peritoneal dialysis(PD), KDIGO(Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome) guidelines, Chronic, Kidney Disease(CKD)

Study on the Perception of the Primary School Teachers in Updating Technology for Teaching Learning Practices in Krishnagiri District, Tamilnadu

Now-a-days all the schools have introduced modern technology in teaching learning practices to attract the students and parents. In order to improve the standard of the children and their school, it is must to establish the digital learning facility in all the schools. It is noted that Krishnagiri District is one of the upcoming area in all aspect of growth. People of Krishnagiri district are known to agriculture with no of small scale business. Many mango juice factories are there in this region and providing job facilities to rural community. It is also popular for Granite business in which several hundred people are employing in different levels for many granite industries. Education in this area will be a challenging task and imparting excellent school education from various schools. Though it is an undeveloped district, the students are securing state level ranks with very high percentage of marks and leading them to Medical, Engineering and other Professional courses. In the present trend of education, primary schools are taking more vital role in shaping the young kids towards global excellence through innovative technology and modern teaching learning practices. No doubt those children of today will lead our country for the success of tomorrow. As per the present requirement, the school authorities should create a wonderful working environment for the teachers and professionalism in school education at primary level.

Kano 모형을 이용한 항공사 영유아 고객의 기내특화서비스 청사진 도출

The purposes of this research were to (1) classify specialized in-flight service quality elements for young kids by applying to Kano model and verify Timko customer satisfaction coefficient, and (2) build the specialized in-flight service blueprint for young kids customers. The Kano model was analyzed and Timko satisfaction coefficient was drawn using data collected from 198 customers who have flown with their young kids. The results of this study indicate that (1) 35 young kids customers’ specialized in-flight service items collected from FGI(Focus Group Interview) were categorized as following: 26 elements as Attractive Quality, 7 elements as One-Dimensional Quality, one element as Must-be Quality, and one element as Indifferent Quality, and (2) specialized in-flight service blueprint for young kids customers was generated to indicate all steps in the service process including Kano service quality category and Timko customer satisfaction coefficient. This study can provide managers with crucial implication to improve service quality in airline industry.

Roadside observational surveys of restraint use by young children in Qatar: Initial results and recommendations

In a report by the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region(1), the non-use of child restraints for children was identified as a key risk factor that can be addressed by the adoption and enforcement of legislation that will increase their use. Currently, there are no child restraint laws in Qatar. The objective of the study is to report baseline data on child restraint use and to provide evidence to inform the passage of child passenger restraint laws in Qatar. This roadside observational survey was conducted as part of the Young Kids in Safe Seats Project funded by the Qatar Foundation. Trained observers conducted roadside observations of passenger restraint use in vehicles with children, less than 5 years, at 12 sampling sites. Standard data was collected per observation: seating position, restraint used and appropriateness of restraint used. Of 2232 observations of young child passengers: 41% were properly restrained, 21% improperly restrained and 38% unrestrained, 10.9% were on an adult’s lap. The most common seating location was right second row followed by left second row. These 2 locations also had the highest rates of proper restraint use. The positions with the lowest restraint use were the front and second row middle seat. One in 9 children observed was illegally seated in the front row, most on the lap of an adult [38.3%] or unrestrained [34.4%]. This is the first observational study in Qatar that measures child restraint rates in children younger than 5. Less than half of these children are traveling safely. Priority areas for intervention include: enforcement of existent laws banning children in the front seat, education about the risks for children in an adult’s lap and encouraging the proper use of age/size appropriate restraint systems. These findings can inform the development of national child passenger restraint laws. Reference: 1. Road safety in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Facts from the Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013.

Are there car seats in Qatar? Results and recommendations from a rapid market survey

Mortality for young children in motor vehicle crashes in Qatar was highest in those who were unrestrained1. Anecdotal reports have attributed low car seat use to their expense and unavailability prompting car seat giveaway programs, but an assessment of the local car seat market has not been conducted previously. This study will report the results of a rapid market survey (RMS) to understand the availability, characteristics and the cost of child restraints and make recommendations for future child restraint policies and legislation in Qatar. This RMS was conducted as part of the Young Kids in Safe Seats Project funded by the Qatar Foundation. The survey involved locating all retail outlets that sell child restraints in Qatar and collecting standard data on each restraint system: brand, model no. age/weight limits, compliance with standards, availability and language of owner's manual. The RMS showed a sufficient number and variety of car seat models [83] available at 19 retail outlets with a wide affordability range [$46 - $810]. All of the car seats complied with the European standard. Only 2% showed a date of manufacture or expiry. A user manual was available in only 71% of seats and in a variety of different languages, but only 36% in the native language of Arabic. This RMS demonstrates the availability and variety of child restraint systems in Qatar. Unavailability and expense cannot be cited as barriers to their use and the market is prepared for legislation requiring car seats for children in Qatar. Areas for improvement include: requiring user manuals for all seats, especially in Arabic, that all car seats comply with globally accepted safety standards, especially expiry/manufacturing dates, given the harsh local climate, and encouraging more variety in the local markets.

Genetic variability in a nucleus herd of Boer goats in Brazil assessed by pedigree analysis

Genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed in Boer goats raised in Brazil, based on pedigree information of a population established from 92 animals imported in 1996, which received additional imported embryos in 2000 and some sires from other breeders between 2007 and 2012. Pedigree information on 1826 young kids born between 1997 and 2012 was used in the analyses. The herd census varied considerably among years, with a mean number of registered offspring of 82.1±36.1 kids. The mean generation interval was 3.67±1.81 years, and the mean number of offspring per parent was 19.01±31.38 for sires and 3.85±2.80 for dams. Parents were known for all animals in the reference population (animals born in the period 2009–2012), and 71.4% and 63.5% had grandparents and great-grandparents known, respectively. Animals in the reference population had a mean number of equivalent generations known of 3.55±1.27 years, a mean inbreeding coefficient of 0.75±0.04% and about 19% were inbred. The mean relatedness was 2.28±0.01% for this group of animals. Over the period studied, the rate of inbreeding/year was 0.04±0.0002%, and the effective population size, estimated from the individual rate of inbreeding, was 173.5. The effective number of founders and ancestors represented in the reference population was 33 and 14, respectively, and 15 founders and 5 ancestors contributed with 50% of the gene pool. While in the early years the genetic contributions to the herd were mostly from American-imported animals, in recent years the influence of Brazilian- and Australian-born animals has gained importance. The results of our study indicate that inbreeding has been maintained at low levels in this population, essentially because the herd has been kept open to the introduction of new animals. This strategy should be continued, to maintain high levels of genetic diversity, which are needed for a successful selection program of Boer goats in Brazil.

Berawirdkirina çîroka Hedlîlik Bedlîlik a bi Kurdî bi Gur û Heft Karikan a Birayên Grimm re

In this article, two tales were compared in terms of tale motifs. One of these tales, Hedlilik and Bedlilik was written in Kurmanji Kurdish and the other one, The Wolf and the Seven Young Kids was written in German language. Both tales are similar in terms of subjects and heroes. There are many variants of Hedlilik and Bedlilik tale. Here was preferred the variant compiled by M. Emin Bozarslan. The German tale was compiled by the Grimm Brothers. In the first chapter was examined In the second chapter are extracts and citations from the tales. In the third chapter, though, two tales were compared on the basis of tale motifs indicated by Stith Thompson

Digitods: Toddlers, Touch Screens and Australian Family Life

Digitods: Toddlers, Touch Screens and Australian Family Life

Screening young African kids for malaria: LYs at a bargain price

Screening young African kids for malaria: LYs at a bargain price

English

A cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected Districts of Gambella Regional State (GRS) namely Lare, Itang and Gambella Zuria from March to October 2011 to determine seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripnemoniae (Mccp) and to identify potential risk factors and to assess community perceptions about CCPP in the study area. Multistage sampling method was used in both agropastoral and sedentary production systems. A total of 1152 goat sera were collected and processed using the Complement Fixation Test (CFT) at the National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. A questionnaire survey was also conducted in 80 randomly selected households, and 3 veterinary staff one from each district. The overall mean CCPP seroprevalence in the study area was 18.1% (219/1152), (95% CI: 15.89-20.31). The seroprevalence of the disease in Itang was higher (24.7%) followed by Gambella Zuria (14.7%) and Lare (12.6%) District. Despite the higher seroprevalence in the agropoastoral production system (19.2%) the difference with that of the sedentary production system (14.7%) was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that District, PA, sex and age were significantly associated with the seroprevalence result (p<0.05). Itang District showed significant difference in the seroprevalence when compared with Lare District (p = 0.0001; Odds ratio: 2.21). Opagna, Anguata, Badyel, Mecode, Meding Zuria, Bonga and Achewa PA’s had significant difference in seroprevalences with odds ratio ranging from 2.94 to 6.46. Female goats had a significantly different seroprevalence (19.3%) compared to males (11.5%) (p=0.014; OR=1.84). Adults (age greater than two years) showed higher seropositivity as compared to young goats and kids (p= 0.001 and OR=1.92). Age and PA were the only factors that showed statistically significant (p<0.05) associations in multivariate analysis. The questionnaire survey also revealed that CCPP was the `number one´ disease in the study areas; and wet-season presents a major risk factor for CCPP. The findings of this study showed that CCPP is the major disease of goats in the study area and hence there needs to be implemented appropriate control measure to mitigate the problem. Key words: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripnemoniae (Mccp), goats, cross-sectional study, seroprevalence, risk factors, complement fixation test (CFT), Gambella region.

The assessment of biological maturation for talent selection - which method can be used?

<b>Hintergrund:</b> Der biologische Entwicklungsstand spielt eine große Rolle im Sport, da dieser die Leistungsfähigkeit und die Talentselektion in vielen Sportarten beeinflusst. Es werden vermehrt weiter entwickelte Athleten für regionale und nationale Kader ausgewählt. Deshalb sollte der biologische Entwicklungsstand in der Talentselektion Berücksichtigung finden. Es bestehen verschiedene Methoden zur Erhebung dessen, diese sind aber oft sehr teuer und schwer umsetzbar. Deshalb war das Ziel dieser Studie, eine einfach anwendbare, dennoch genaue Methode zur Erhebung des biologischen Entwicklungsstandes (Vorhersage des Alters, wann der individuell größte Wachstumsschub erreicht wird = APHV) mit der Goldstandardmethode zur Erhebung des biologischen Alters (Handwurzelknochenröntgen) zu vergleichen. <b>Methoden:</b> In dieser Studie wurden 75 österreichische Schüler (40♂, 35♀) im Alter von 10 – 13 Jahren untersucht. Die Gruppe bestand aus 30 Schülern einer bekannten Ski-Mittelschule (17♂, 13♀) und 45 Schülern (23♂, 22♀) einer nicht sportbetonten Neuen Mittelschule. Es wurden Handwurzelknochenröntgen (Greulich-Pyle-Methode) der linken Hand durchgeführt, um das biologische Alter zu erheben. Außerdem wurden verschiedene anthropometrische Parameter (Größe, Sitzgröße, Gewicht) erhoben und anhand der Formeln von Mirwald und Mitarbeitern das APHV berechnet. Eine Bland-Altman-Analyse, der Korrelationskoeffizient in Klassen (ICC [1,3]) sowie eine lineare Regressionsanalyse wurden durchgeführt, um die beiden Methoden miteinander zu vergleichen. Anhand beider Methoden wurden die Teilnehmer in früh, normal oder spät entwickelt unterteilt und Unterschiede in dieser Klassifizierung wurden mittels chi²-Tests berechnet. <b>Ergebnisse:</b> Die Bland-Altman-Analyse (95 % der Punkte im Plot liegen innerhalb der Übereinstimmungsgrenzen) und der ICC (p = 0,002; ICC [95 % CI] = 0,48 [0,13 – 0,69]) zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung der beiden Methoden. Es konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede aufgezeigt werden in der anhand der beiden Methoden durchgeführten Klassifizierung in früh, normal oder spät entwickelte Schüler (p = 0,404). <b>Schlussfolgerung:</b> Die Formeln zur Vorhersage des APHV stellen eine valide Methode zur Erhebung des biologischen Entwicklungsstandes bei Sportlern im Alter von 10 – 13 Jahren dar. Folglich kann diese einfach anwendbare, aber dennoch genaue Methode in Zukunft im Talentselektionsprozess eingesetzt werden. Dies soll dazu beitragen, dass spät entwickelte Sportler nicht diskriminiert und ausgeschlossen werden.