Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder often leads to ongoing sleep difficulties such as insomnia and nightmares, which can interfere with mood, concentration, and daily activities. Guided imagery, a relaxation method that uses calming, multisensory visualizations, has shown potential to improve sleep and reduce distress in people experiencing high stress or trauma. This study evaluates the effectiveness of guided imagery in improving sleep quality among young adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to conventional occupational therapy. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of guided imagery and conventional occupational therapy in improving sleep quality among young adults (18-25 years) with post-traumatic stress disorder. Materials and methods: A quasi experimental design was conducted with 30 young adults aged 18-25 years, recruited through convenience sampling and divided into two groups: experimental (guided imagery intervention) and control (conventional occupational therapy). The potential of the post-traumatic stress disorder was accomplished by the diagnosis of PTSD using Clinician- Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5, Past-Month version. Both interventions were delivered over three months, with 36 sessions held three times per week, each lasting 45 minutes. The state of sleep prior to intervention and right after the intervention was critically explained with the aid of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Statistical analysis was performed to compare pre- and post-test scores within and between groups. Results: The experimental group (N=15) had a mean pre-test PSQI score of 14.40 (SD=2.41) and a post-test score of 8.73 (SD=2.05), showing a highly significant improvement (t=15.707, p=0.000). The control group (N=15) had a mean pre-test PSQI score of 14.07 (SD=1.53) and a post-test score of 13.47 (SD=1.60), also showing significant improvement (t=2.358, p=0.033). Post-test scores between the groups revealed a significantly greater improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group (t=7.050, p=0.000). Conclusion: Guided imagery was found to greatly improve sleep quality in young adults living with post-traumatic stress disorder, offering better results than conventional occupational therapy. These results highlight the value of using gentle, non-drug approaches like guided imagery to ease sleep difficulties and support overall well-being in this group.

Reduced neural sensitivity to musical tempo despite enhanced neural tracking of acoustic features in music in older adults.

The recent declines in youth mental health highlight the need for research into the factors underlying distress and those that foster well-being. Open-ended text responses offer the potential to reveal novel insights, but remain an underused resource. Advances in natural language processing (NLP) offer powerful tools for efficiently analyzing text in large samples. This study aimed to extract meaningful themes from young adults' open-text responses about their future hopes and worries, and to test associations of these themes with internalizing symptoms. Data came from an urban community sample of 24-year-olds (N=1113) who provided brief written responses about their greatest hopes and worries. A total of 3973 text-segments were analyzed using topic modeling with the Python library BERTopic. Associations of the themes with internalizing symptoms were tested using regression analyses. Thirteen thematic topics for both hopes and worries emerged. Young adults' hopes and worries spanned personal, interpersonal, work-life-finances and broader systemic and global domains. Many themes overlapped, but hopes tended to center more on interpersonal relationships, whereas worries were focused more on systemic and global challenges. Higher levels of internalizing symptoms were associated with more interpersonal and work-, life-, and financial worries, but with fewer systemic concerns, such as climate- or war and conflict- related worries. Our work exemplifies diverse, normative, and broadly shared hopes and worries among young adults that are important for youth-focused public policy and psychosocial support. Specific topics associated with internalizing symptoms including financial or interpersonal concerns constitute concrete interventional targets for alleviating distress.

Early changes in kidney function in young adults - particularly modest declines in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the development of microalbuminuria - are increasingly recognized as predictors of long-term kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. This review summarizes the recent literature to present the clinical relevance of these early changes, highlight emerging insights into underlying mechanisms, and discuss implications for preventive strategies. Even subtle reductions in kidney function in young adults are associated with higher risks of clinically significant adverse outcomes. Advancements in measurement techniques, including the use of novel biomarkers such as cystatin C, have improved early detection of dysfunction in kidney filtration. Risk factors include metabolic, vascular, genetic, and environmental determinants. Evidence suggests early kidney changes are prognostically important and may warrant targeted screening in high-risk populations. Lifestyle interventions and pharmacologic therapies, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, show promise in slowing early progression. Recognition of early kidney function changes offers a window for intervention to mitigate long-term morbidity. Future research should refine screening thresholds, optimize preventive strategies, and evaluate early interventional therapies to improve outcomes In young adults.

Stage-dependent trace metal bioaccumulation in Scomber colias across the ontogenetic transition.

• Despite the high prevalence of mental disorders, refugees underutilize mental health services. • Cultural adaptation of interventions is suggested as a way to narrow this treatment gap. • The Raha Arabic program was efficient in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD. • The Raha Arabic program was also efficient in improving resilience and well-being. • Treatment effects were sustained at the 6-month follow-up. Despite an elevated risk for developing mental health problems, evidence-based treatment options for this population remain scarce. The current study aimed to examine the efficacy of a culturally adapted internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program for youth and young adults with mild to moderate mental health problems. Raha is a culturally adapted, guided, and tailored iCBT program for mild to moderate mental health problems. One hundred twenty-five Arabic-speaking refugee youth and young adults aged 15–29 years were randomly allocated to either a 10-week CA-iCBT condition or a wait-list control condition. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) served as the primary outcome measure and was assessed at pre-treatment, 4-week follow-up, post-treatment, and at 6-months post-treatment. Treatment effects were evaluated using a latent growth model. In the intention-to-treat analysis, anxiety and depressive symptoms on the HSCL-25 were significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with the wait-list control group, with a between-group effect size at post-treatment of Cohen’s d = 1.43 [0.97,1.89]. Treatment effects were sustained at the 6-month follow-up. Significant moderate-to-large effects were also observed across most secondary outcome measures. The findings of this study indicate that CA-iCBT is effective in reducing symptoms of common mental health problems in a population that generally underutilizes traditional mental health services.

Strategies young adults use to reduce sodium consumption in a family-led intervention: A photo elicitation study to inform contributors to acceptability and adoption.

Introduction: Mental health is vital for overall well-being, enabling individuals to cope with stress, function effectively and engage in society. Depression contributes significantly to the disease burden, especially among young adults facing academic, financial and social pressures. Despite global and national efforts, stigma and limited access to care remain barriers. Tamil Nadu has a high prevalence of mental health disorders, with young adults particularly at risk. Identifying prevalence and risk factors of depression is crucial for developing targeted interventions and reducing stigma. Aim: To assess the association between selected sociodemographic, lifestyle and social determinants and depression among young adults in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 undergraduate college students aged 18 to 25 years enrolled in various courses at medical, allied health sciences and engineering colleges in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2024 to November 2024. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, social interactions and co-morbidities were assessed. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise data. Bivariate logistic regression was applied to identify associated factors, followed by multivariate logistic regression for variables with a p-value<0.05 considered to be significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.63±1.49 years. Depression was observed among 165 (38.9%). Among those with depression, 53 (32.3%) had minimal, 48 (28.8%) mild, 40 (24.3%) moderate, 16 (9.9%) moderately severe and 8 (4.7%) severe depression. Depression was significantly associated with age ≤20 years (p-value=0.028), type of college (p-value=0.013), family structure (p-value=0.030), father’s occupation (p-value <0.001), and limited social interaction (p-value=0.002). Conclusion: A high prevalence of depression was observed among college-going young adults in the Chengalpattu district. Younger age, academic discipline, family structure, parental occupation and reduced social interaction were key determinants. This highlights the importance of early intervention, lifestyle changes and enhanced social support systems to effectively address growing mental health challenges.

Change in most commonly used vaping brands by young adults in Texas - 2023-2025.

Structured meal replacement low energy diets (MR-LED) are effective in obesity management, but evidence for individuals of minority ethnic groups or those with BMI >35 kg/m2 and significant comorbidities is limited. We evaluated the early effectiveness of a weight management program delivered by a multidisciplinary team within a specialist weight management service. We enrolled three groups: those who had been declined bariatric surgery, young adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and people awaiting corneal transplant who had their procedure deferred due to their weight. Individuals were primarily treated with a 12-week MR-LED. Adjunctive obesity medications were available under pre-specified criteria. The present study reports outcomes following the 12-week MR-LED, which was the first phase of a 12 month programme. Of the 1172 people screened, 482 met inclusion criteria and 128 commenced MR-LED. Most participants (111/128, 87%) had previously been declined bariatric surgery; 11/128 (9%) were young adults with T2D and 6/128 (5%) were awaiting corneal transplant surgery. Ninety-three individuals (73%) were from Pacific or indigenous Māori ethnic groups. The cohort had mean (SD) baseline weight of 145.0 (38.6) kg (BMI 49.9 (11.3) kg/m2); 94 (73%) had T2D on treatment, with a mean HbA1c of 67.6 mmol/mol (11 young adults and 83 from the bariatric surgery declined list). Psychological distress was common with 41% and 30% having moderate depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Ninety-two people (72%) completed the 12-week MR-LED, achieving a mean (SD) weight loss of 10.9 (7.8) kg. Young adults with T2D were less likely to complete the programme. Among people with diabetes, 63/94 (67%) completed the 12-week intervention, with 21/63 (33%) achieving an HbA1c <50 mmol/mol on no diabetes medication. Psychological and quality of life scores improved. A 12-week MR-LED intervention delivered in a specialist service achieved clinically meaningful weight loss and improved metabolic and psychological outcomes in a high-risk, multi-ethnic cohort living with higher body weight.

The availability of diabetes technologies has increased, although access can be limited for young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In Australia, access to subsidised continuous glucose monitors (CGM) has expanded significantly, while insulin pump access remains limited. This study evaluated the impact of changes in availability of diabetes technologies on glycaemic outcomes in young adults with T1D. 418 with T1D aged 15-25 years attending a young adult diabetes clinic in Sydney were reviewed between July 2019 and June 2024. The primary outcome was change in glycaemia as measured by glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) across 5 years. CGM use increased from 29.4% to 76.2% over the study duration, and uptake increased in all sociodemographic groups likely due to universal subsidisation. Insulin pump use remained unchanged (52-57%), as pump access remains limited by cost. An increase in pump therapy was only observed in those of the lowest sociodemographic cohort, attributed to expansions in the insulin pump program targeted to low-income households, although a reduction in usage was observed in middle socio-economic groups. Use of hybrid closed loop (HCL) insulin pumps increased from 5.1% to 35.4% in line with CGM uptake. With increased uptake of technologies, median HbA1c improved from 68 mmol/mol (8.4%) to 64 mmol/mol (8.0%) (p < 0.001). CGM and HCL demonstrated independent benefits to glycaemia. Rates of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis were low at 1.08 and 4.90/100 person-years, respectively. Pump therapy was associated with reduced DKA. Overall, improvements in glycaemia in young adults were achieved with greater accessibility to subsidised diabetes technologies.

Effects of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis on bacterial sexually transmitted infections and antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents and young adults living with HIV.

Associations of generalized and social anxiety with somatic symptoms in Japanese university students.

Baseline Neurocognitive Functioning in Children/Teenagers and Young Adults Treated for Central Nervous System Malignancies Prior to Proton Therapy.

Objective: Firearm injury is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults, yet little is known about firearm access and victimization during this transition. We examine firearm exposure among young adults, as well as disparities across educational pathways, financial strain, and conflict. Methods: Data were drawn from Wave 7 (2025) of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study (n=2012; mean age=20) conducted in southeast Texas. Participants reported firearm access, household gun presence, firearm threat victimization/perpetration, fighting, educational status, and financial stability. Chi-square tests assessed group differences. Results: 18% reported firearm access, 24% household gun presence, and 7% firearm threat victimization. Threat victimization was more common among males, non-college and trade-school youth, those experiencing financial hardship, and those involved in physical fighting. Conclusions: Young adulthood is a period of elevated firearm vulnerability. Prevention efforts must extend beyond college settings to reach non-college youth and integrate firearm-specific content into existing violence-prevention programs.

Variation in quantity of puffs per day among U.S. adolescents and young adults using electronic nicotine delivery systems.

Temporal patterns and predictive factors of depressive disorders among adolescents and young people in Asia.

Cannabis retail environment and treatment for cannabis use disorder.

Adolescence and early adulthood are marked by major life transitions, including leaving the parental home, which may influence dietary behaviours and related health risks. This study examined diet quality trajectories from adolescence into early adulthood and the influence of leaving home. Data were drawn from 1135 participants aged 14 to 27 years in the Raine Study (Australia), who completed food frequency questionnaires at five follow-ups. Diet quality was assessed using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet score and proportion of energy from discretionary foods and beverages. Multilevel regression models examined diet quality trajectories, investigating interactions with leaving the parental home and subsequent living arrangements (partner, friends or alone). Diet quality was generally poor and followed a quadratic trajectory. Leaving the parental home was associated with a decline in diet quality, reflected in a lower DASH diet score: β = -1.11 [95% CI: 1.80, -0.41]; and increased discretionary food intake: β = 1.28 [95% CI: 0.30, 2.26]. The decline persisted over time for DASH diet score and diminished for discretionary food intake. Moving in with a partner was associated with the greatest decrease in DASH diet score: β = -1.18 [95% CI: 2.08, -0.28]. Leaving home, particularly to live with a partner, is associated with a small decrease in diet quality in a population with already sub-optimal diets. Public health strategies targeting life transitions may help support healthier dietary behaviours in adolescents and young adults in Australia and other high-income countries.

Incidence and clinical manifestations of sudden death in young adults: a two-decade, nationwide, retrospective, cross-sectional study.