Years Of Work Experience Research Articles

Explaining the experience of telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Kermanshah emergency medical dispatch: A qualitative, phenomenological study

BackgroundTelephone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (T-CPR), administered by Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs) to bystanders at the scene of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), faces significant challenges. These challenges arise when collaboration for CPR is difficult due to the bystander’s condition or when the patient’s condition is not visible. Limited research exists on T-CPR, which is why our study aims to explore the experiences of Kermanshah EMDs in providing T-CPR.MethodThis descriptive phenomenological (because there is lack of information and study about this subject in Iran and importance of a deep understanding to examine different aspect of the subject) study was conducted with 12 EMDs from a total of 20 in Kermanshah EMDs. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with participants selected via purposive sampling. The study was qualitative and the questionnaire was not validated. Interviews consisted of both open-ended and probing questions. This research was carried out in 2020–2021. Data were analyzed thematically using Collizi’s seven-step.ResultAnalysis of the 12 interviews conducted with dispatchers who had an average age of 28.33 years and 2.33 years of work experience resulted in the identification of 456 codes. These codes were categorized into three main themes: (1) “Perceived Nursing Care in T-CPR,” which includes sub-themes such as Ethical and Emotional Management in Care, Empathetic Care, Crisis Management and Stress Control; (2) “Professional Abilities of EMDs,” which includes sub-themes like Perceived Professional Skills and Satisfaction from Successful Performance; and (3) “Cultural Necessities Related to Telephone Resuscitation,” with sub-themes such as Challenges of Training, Communication Barriers and the Need for Public Education and Cultural Change.ConclusionParticipants reported that T-CPR is often unsuccessful due to factors such as non-collaboration from bystanders or improper execution, stemming from low education levels, cultural barriers and a general lack of public awareness about emergency procedures. Successful T-CPR requires dispatchers to skillfully communicate with anxious bystanders and correct misconceptions that CPR may worsen the patient’s condition. Additionally, fluency in various accents, improving public education, and implementing effective stress management strategies are essential for improving outcomes. Addressing these issues through better education and cultural change is vital for enhancing T-CPR effectiveness.

Assessment of knowledge and patient counselling on the use of self-monitoring blood pressure monitors among community pharmacists–an interventional study

BackgroundCommunity pharmacists are usually the first port of call for patients with hypertension, based on their accessibility. They are well positioned to enhance self-care practices among patients with hypertension that refill their prescriptions regularly at their pharmacies. Assessment of their knowledge and patient counselling on the appropriate use of self-monitoring blood pressure (BP) machine is essential to establish accuracy of pharmaceutical care services offered. MethodsThe knowledge and counselling practise of community pharmacists in the study site was evaluated using a semi-structured questionnaire. An educational intervention was carried out to address the gaps discovered. The pharmacists’ knowledge and counselling practise was reassessed two weeks postintervention to measure the impact of the intervention. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarise data and inferential statistics were done with level of significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsOne hundred and fifty pharmacists completed the study. Majority (138, 92.0%) of the pharmacists had 1–5 years of work experience as community pharmacists and only 17 (11.3%) had postgraduate qualification(s). Pharmacists’ knowledge on BP measurement increased significantly from 6.59 ± 2.42 preintervention to 10.39 ± 2.55 postintervention (p < 0.001) A significant increase in pharmacists’ counselling assessment from a preintervention score of 3.91 ± 2.01 to 8.86 ± 2.13 postintervention (p < 0.001) was also observed. Baseline knowledge and counselling on BP measurement were poor. Only 39 (26.0%) knew that both arms must be used during initial BP measurement for a patient and majority (121, 80.7%) could not explain the reason for taking BP on both arms. Sixty-one (40.7%) were aware that taking BP readings over clothes could affect accuracy of the reading. Only 18 (12.0%) understood the principle guiding averaging consecutive BP measurements. While majority (99, 66.0%) had less than 50% in knowledge assessment preintervention, 133 (88.7%) had ≥ 50% postintervention. Also, majority (135, 90.0%) had less than 50% in the preintervention counselling assessment but 131 (87.3%) had ≥ 50% postintervention. Gender, educational qualifications and work experience did not influence pharmacists’ knowledge and counselling on BP measurement in this study.ConclusionsThe knowledge and counselling practise on the use of self-monitoring blood pressure was significantly enhanced by the educational intervention.

Influencing factors of art-mediated educational strategies on life attitudes of teaching hospital staff: a quantitative study

BackgroundArt-mediated educational strategies are increasingly recognized for fostering transformational learning (TL), reshaping perspectives and life attitudes. This study explored how engagement frequency, professional category, and years of work experience influence the effects of participating in art creation and appreciation on healthcare providers’ (HCPs) life attitudes in a teaching hospital.MethodsAn annual art-based workshop, “Whole-Person Care Experience Sharing,” was conducted at a teaching hospital. While most participation was voluntary, some staff were assigned to create artworks, and others could choose to appreciate or not. Afterward, the Short-Form Life Attitude Inventory (SF-LAI) was distributed to all hospital staff and collected anonymously. Retrospective analyses included responses from 2020 (n = 835, 24.8%) and 2021 (n = 474, 14.9%). Respondents were stratified by engagement level: non-engaged, attendees (appreciators), participants (creators), or both. A factorial ANOVA assessed the effects of gender, engagement frequency, professional category, and years of work experience, including interaction terms, with post hoc Bonferroni tests identifying subgroup differences.ResultsStaff who both created and appreciated art exhibited the highest life attitude scores, followed by those who either created or attended, with non-engaged staff scoring the lowest (p <.001). Gender and professional category did not significantly affect scores. However, greater engagement frequency (p <.001) and more years of work experience (p <.05) were associated with higher life attitude scores. A trend toward an interaction between engagement frequency and professional category (p =.05–0.07) showed that physicians and nurses had increased scores with more frequent engagement, a pattern absent in other or non-medical professions. Considering engagement frequency, professional category, and work experience together, a significant interaction emerged between professional category and years of experience (p <.05), indicating frequent engagement was especially beneficial for early-career physicians and nurses.ConclusionsArt-mediated educational interventions enhance life attitudes among hospital staff, with engagement frequency, professional category, and work experience as key moderators. Physicians and nurses with less experience benefit most. These findings underscore the value of integrating art-based strategies into healthcare education to foster holistic growth and well-being among HCPs, especially in the early-career stages of physicians and nurses.

Clinical decision-making approach and associated factors among nurses working in inpatient units of public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundNurses need to make accurate clinical decisions congruent with the patient’s diagnoses. The nurse’s ability to make an efficient clinical decision affects the quality of care provided to the patients. This study aimed to assess the clinical decision-making approach and identify factors affecting nurses' clinical decision-making.MethodsThis institutional-based multi-center cross-sectional study included 405 participants selected using a simple random sampling technique. A nursing decision-making instrument was used to assess nurses’ decision-making approach. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used.ResultsAmong the total respondents, 59.5% were scored in the analytical decision-making category, and the rest, 40.5%, were intuitive decision-makers. Respondents aged ≥ 34 years (AOR = 1.83, P = 0.039), with a master's degree (AOR = 0.50, P = 0.032), more than 10 years of work experience (AOR = 2.21, P = 0.005) and trained on clinical decision-making (AOR = 1.28, P = 0.05) were associated with intuitive clinical decision-making of nurses.ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that intuitive decision-making was slightly low, and the analytical decision-making approach was high compared to previous studies. The findings suggest that healthcare organizations should design and provide continuous professional development, mentorship programs, and ongoing clinical decision-making training for nurses to enhance their decision-making skills and improve the quality of patient care. Future research could explore the impact of different clinical decision-making approaches on patient outcomes and investigate strategies to optimize the integration of analytical and intuitive processes in multi-center settings, especially in private and rural health sectors of nursing practice.

Influence of Incentivizing Forces on Nurses' Job Performance at Pagadian City Medical Center: A Study on Workplace Motivation

This study examines the influence of incentivizing forces on nurses' job performance at Pagadian City Medical Center, focusing on workplace motivation through a descriptive-correlational research design. The study involved 86 nurses as respondents, utilizing a researcher-developed questionnaire titled "Perception of Incentivizing Forces and Nurse Job Performance." Data analysis was conducted using frequency count, arithmetic mean, Spearman's rank correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Demographic analysis revealed that the majority of respondents were aged 21–30 years, predominantly female, with a bachelor's degree, and had 1–5 years of work experience. Most nurses were permanently employed. Regarding perceived incentivizing forces, the overall mean was 3.467, indicating a high perception of factors such as recognition, work-life balance, and job security. Financial incentives and career advancement opportunities were perceived at an average level. Nurses' work performance was rated very high, with an overall mean of 4.463, reflecting excellence in efficiency, patient care quality, professionalism, work engagement, and adaptability. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between perceived incentivizing forces and nurses' job performance (ρ = -0.77, p = 0.479). Additionally, no significant differences in perceptions of incentivizing forces were found based on demographic variables. The study concludes that while nurses perceive high levels of non-financial incentives, these factors do not significantly correlate with job performance. This suggests that intrinsic motivation may play a more substantial role in performance outcomes. Recommendations include enhancing career development opportunities, implementing formal recognition programs, and reviewing compensation packages to address the average perception of financial incentives. Future research should explore the long-term effects of incentive programs on nurse performance and patient outcomes.

Analysis of the correlation between core competencies of pediatric nurses and occupational benefit perception and its influencing factors

PurposeAnalyzed the correlation between core competencies and career benefits in pediatric nurse specialists, and examined the factors influencing core competencies in pediatric nurse specialists. Provided references for pediatric nursing managers to improve nurses’ core competencies and stabilize the standardized training of pediatric nurse specialists.MethodUsing a convenience sampling method, pediatric nurse specialists from Hebei Children's Hospital, Qinhuangdao Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and Baoding Children's Hospital were selected as study subjects between August and September 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire, a career benefit scale, and a specialist pediatric nurse core competency scale. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to examine relationships and influencing factors.ResultsThe total score of career benefits perception for the 128 pediatric nurse specialists was 117.72 ± 12.34, and the total score of core competencies was 132.23 ± 18.96, both of which were above-average. There were significant differences in the total core competency scores among pediatric nurse specialists of different ages, years of work experience, technical titles, and employment forms. There was a significant positive correlation between the core competencies of pediatric nurse specialists and each dimension of career benefits perception (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that employment form, years of work experience, and total score of career benefits perception were independent influencing factors of the core competencies of pediatric nurse specialists.ConclusionThe career benefits perception and core competencies of pediatric nurse specialists are both at an above-average level, with a close and mutually influential relationship. The form of employment, years of experience, and total score of career benefits influence the core competencies of pediatric nurse specialists. Nursing managers should take targeted intervention measures based on these influencing factors to improve the core competencies of pediatric nurse specialists.

Comparative analysis of the opinions of obstetricians and gynecologists on the risks of a complicated pregnancy in women

BACKGROUND: Since 1992, a decline in the birth rate has been registered in Russia. Negative natural population growth has been accompanied by a deterioration in women’s reproductive health and a high incidence of complicated pregnancies and childbirths. Providing follow-up care for women of reproductive age is considered a priority for preventing complicated pregnancies and childbirths. AIM: The study aimed to analyze and compare the opinions of obstetricians and gynecologists on the risks of complicated pregnancies and the importance of follow-up care for pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sociological study “The Role of Follow-Up in the Healthcare of Pregnant Women” involved 157 obstetricians and gynecologists from women’s clinics in the Saratov region. The majority (97%) of respondents were women. Almost half of the respondents (44%) had more than 30 years of work experience. A structured questionnaire developed by O.P. Shchepin et al. was used for data collection. RESULTS: A recent analysis of the opinions of obstetricians and gynecologists in the Saratov region revealed that the majority (60%) of respondents strongly believed in the importance of enhancing follow-up care in protecting women’s health during preconception preparation, pregnancy, and postpartum management. Meanwhile, 46% of respondents highlighted the importance of follow-up care specifically during pregnancy. According to the respondents, 78% of pregnant women are registered for follow-up early (within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy). Additionally, 88% of respondents attributed late registration to a lack of personal responsibility for health — both for the woman and the unborn child. To facilitate timely registration, 62% of respondents engage in individualized work with women of reproductive age. The possibility of consulting a pregnant woman about the detected diseases in the conditions of public healthсare was mentioned by 70% of the respondents. While 70% of respondents reported observing normal labor courses in their practice, 30% indicated that complicated deliveries occur more frequently. In the context of social care for pregnant women, 62% of respondents issue certificates of transfer to lighter work duties. Responses varied widely regarding the possible causes of endangering the health of a woman and her child. According to 62% of respondents, improving the follow-up care for pregnant women will definitely have an impact on reducing maternal mortality. A comparative analysis revealed that the obstetricians and gynecologists participating in these surveys identified social risks as the primary threats to maternal and child health. CONCLUSION: The study confirms the social determinacy of complicated pregnancies, which indicates the need to overcome the medicalization of follow-up care for pregnant women.

A national cross-sectional study on the knowledge and attitude of nurses towards prevention of pressure injury and their relationship with its prevalence

BackgroundPressure injuries can greatly affect a patient’s health, safety, and quality of life. The knowledge and attitudes of nurses towards preventing pressure injuries are vital for providing safe, high-quality healthcare. Nursing in Kuwait suffers from a research gap on this topic.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in the public general hospitals of Kuwait to assess nurses’ knowledge and attitudes and to measure the point prevalence of pressure injuries and prevention measures. An online form, a Modified Pieper’s Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test and the Moore and Price scale were used to gather data, covering variables related to hospitals, nurses, patients, pressure injuries, and prevention practices. We processed and analysed data using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 23.ResultsThe median score of nurses’ knowledge on preventing pressure injuries was 73.2% (IQR: 68.3–78.0), and only 31.7% of the knowledge test items were answered correctly by 90% of participants or more. The median attitude score was 41.0 (IQR: 37.0–44.0). There were statistically significant strong positive correlations between nurses’ age, years of work experience, attitude score, and the percentage of trained staff complying with measures against pressure injury. Attitude score had a statistically significant and strongly negative correlation with the rate of hospital-acquired pressure injury. The predictors of knowledge score were age, sex, and years since the most recent training was undertaken. Knowledge and a nurse’s highest level of education were predictors of attitude scores.ConclusionsThis study offers inestimable insights into the field. The study’s results reveal that nurses’ knowledge is unsatisfactory to borderline satisfactory, whereas attitudes are positive. Despite this, the positive attitude is neither reflected in staff compliance with practices aimed at preventing pressure injury nor the rate of hospital-acquired pressure injury. We recommend implementing effective training programmes to bridge these gaps.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

The Patient Safety Management Activities of Hospital Nurses: An Importance and Performance Analysis.

To improve patient safety performance, medical personnel may utilize patient safety systems to perform patient safety nursing activities and suggest future directions for improvement. Patient safety nursing activities refer to systematic activities taken to prevent injuries or accidents during diagnosis, treatment, and other medical services. This study was designed to analyze the importance placed by hospital nurses on patient safety management activities and their actual performance of these activities. An importance and performance analysis of patient safety management activities was conducted on 163 nurses with over 1 year of experience working at one of three hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected using questionnaires prepared based on criteria related to nurse-implemented patient safety management activities (three areas, 15 categories, 104 questions). The average score for the importance of the developed patient safety management activities was 3.65 (SD = 0.14), and the average performance score was 3.42 (SD = 0.211). Using distinct importance and performance analysis frames, items corresponding to the "concentrate here" area included "securing enough human resources," "provide training for employees," "efforts to prevent violence in institutions and establish a proper organizational culture," "a rapid response system to urgent patient conditions," "checking the correct patients," and "CPR team operating regulations." The indicators for most patient safety management activities indicate their strong performance in South Korean nursing workplaces. To further improve the patient safety management practices of hospital nurses, nursing managers should create nursing work environments that promote safety activity performance efficacy.

Marital status of men working in expeditionary shift mode in Arctic conditions, associations with health self-assessment

The mining industry is constantly developing increasingly remote areas of the Arctic, Subarctic and Siberia, and due to the geographical, geological, demographic and infrastructural features of these regions, there remains a great need for specialists with high mobility potential, primarily men of economically active age. Attitudes to health related to family status, and in particular, its self-assessment among “shift workers” with increasing length of service in expeditionary-shift work seem to be a reliable indicator for the formation of a comprehensive program for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Aim of the study was to determine the family status of men engaged in expeditionary rotational work, its associations with self-assessment of health in working conditions at the oil and gas production complex in the Arctic.Material and methods. The object of the study was two “random” representative samples formed from male workers aged 25‒54 years engaged in expeditionary-shift work in the Arctic latitudes of the Tyumen region. The work experience on an expeditionary rotational basis in the Arctic was assessed according to three gradations: 3 years or less, 4–9 years, 10 years or more. Self-assessment of health was determined by analyzing the standard WHO MONICA-MOPSY questionnaire. Results. Negative trends in the change in marital status among men engaged in expeditionary rotational work in the Arctic have been identified, both in the general organized population of persons aged 25–54, and in each of the three decades of life (25–34, 35–44, 45–54 years), regardless of length of service in expeditionary watch mode. The lowest self-assessment of health was found in the absence of a life partner, as well as in single men with more than three years of work experience. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the need to intensify preventive and social programs aimed at stimulating and strengthening the role of the family among men of economically active age, mainly after three years of work on expeditionary rotations in the Arctic zone of Russia.

Distinguishing epileptic seizures from imitators: A video-based evaluation of non-epileptologist physicians.

Distinguishing epileptic seizures from imitators: A video-based evaluation of non-epileptologist physicians.

Meta competency, prerequisites improving the postgraduate psychiatric nursing students’ clinical competency: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Clinical education helps learners achieve the desired clinical competency. By identifying the influential factors, education will be more effective. One of the necessary prerequisites is meta-competency. Therefore, to improve education, this study aims to describe the meta-competencies required for postgraduate psychiatric nursing students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative content analysis was conducted from November 2019 to August 2020 in the universities offering a postgraduate psychiatric nursing degree in Iran. Twenty-one participants were sampled purposefully, including postgraduate psychiatric nursing students and instructors, psychiatric nurses, psychologists, and psychiatrists with at least 2 years of experience working in psychiatric settings. It was performed to obtain data saturation. Data collected through individual semi-structured interviews were analyzed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: Meta competency included three categories of “thinking and clinical reasoning skills”, “dynamic learning”, and “human and organizational management”. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study revealed that psychiatric nurses’ meta-competency concept was multidimensional. The findings of this study can be useful in educating and assessing psychiatric nursing students’ meta-competency. Further studies are required on psychiatric nurses’ meta-competency.

The effect of different retraining intervals for immediate life support training: A randomized controlled trial.

The effect of different retraining intervals for immediate life support training: A randomized controlled trial.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting among Healthcare Physicians in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Because of the paucity of financial, infrastructural, and human resources in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is crucial to explore the current knowledge gap and pharmacovigilance practice to adequately deploy resources. To determine the knowledge and practices of ADR among HCPs, we distributed pre-defined questionnaire forms among 1500 HCPs representing 11 LMICs between April 2017 and March 2020. The data was analyzed through Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, and frequency and percentages were presented for categorical variables, whereas the comparison of Pakistan and other LMICs was evaluated by performing a χ2 test. P-value 0.05 was taken as the level of significance between responses. Among 1246 (83%) responses, the majority, 846 (68%), had &gt;3 years of work experience and were males, 805 (64%). Total 788 (63%) responders correctly identified the International Conference for Harmonization-ADR definition, 578 (47%) indicated that all type of reactions should be reported, 167 (14%) believed that anyone can report ADR and only 17 (1.4%) correctly indicated that Drug-Drug Interactions, Medication-errors &amp; Drug-Food Interactions can likely cause ADRs. A total of 562 (45%) participants reported at least one ADR during their practice, and 269 (48%) preferred reporting in their institution. The study findings suggested that HCPs from LMICs have relatively better knowledge about ADR than its reporting. The ADR reporting culture can further be improved through training, awareness programs, and by identifying potential barriers to underreporting.

Pharmacy faculty perspectives about implementing competency-based education in pharmacy education.

Pharmacy faculty perspectives about implementing competency-based education in pharmacy education.

The relationship between implicit absenteeism and grit and compassion fatigue in female neonatal nurses.

Implicit absenteeism is a growing concern among nurses, as it may reduce nursing productivity and affect the quality of nursing services and patients' health. This study aimed to investigate the status and influencing factors of implicit absenteeism among female nurses in neonatal units and to explore the correlations between compassion fatigue, grit, and implicit absenteeism. An anonymous online questionnaire was administered to female nurses in a neonatal unit from August to October 2024 using the General Information Questionnaire, Stanford Implicit Absenteeism Scale, Compassion Fatigue Short Scale, and self-reported short Grit Scale (Grit-S). In total, 269 female neonatal unit nurses were included in our study. The implicit absenteeism score of female neonatal nurses was (14.41 ± 4.08). Age, education, and years of work experience were the main factors influencing implicit absenteeism among female nurses in the neonatal unit (all p < 0.05). In addition, implicit absenteeism was positively correlated with compassion fatigue (r = 0.672, p < 0.01) and grit (r = 0.420, p < 0.01). Additionally, compassion fatigue was positively correlated with grit (r = 0.559, p < 0.01). Female nurses in neonatal units have high rates of implicit absenteeism. Clinical managers should pay particular attention to the implicit absenteeism and physical and mental health of female nurses with bachelor's degrees or above, those over 30 years of age, and those with more than 10 years of work experience. Simultaneously, governments and healthcare organizations need to develop interventions to promote the physical and mental health of nurses, reduce implicit absenteeism, and further contribute to the stable development of the nursing workforce.

Качества личности врача — анестезиолога-реаниматолога как основа безопасности пациента: онлайн-опрос

INTRODUCTION: The professional success of the anesthesiologist and intensive care physicians, saving the life and recovery of the patient directly depends not only and not so much on the knowledge, professional skills and abilities of the doctor, but on personal decision-making abilities, immediately act and ensure effective communication between participants in the treatment process in critical situation. The absence of these personal qualities can neutralize all other advantages of a specialist. OBJECTIVE: To study the opinion of anesthesiologist and intensive care physicians about the personality properties that are necessary for the implementation of labor activity in anesthesiology and intensive care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anonymous on-line survey of anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians (including residents) based on the google form was conducted, in which 140 people took part. Among the respondents were 44.3 % of men and 55.7 % of women. 80 % of respondents were less than 35 years old, more than 70 % of respondents had less than five years of work experience. The Google form consisted of twelve blocks, which included ninety-seven personality characteristics: attenuation, mnemic, motor, sensory, pictorial, thought, emotional, strong-willed, speech, communicative, performance and observation. RESULTS: Personality characteristics that are absolutely necessary for an anesthesiologist intensive care physicians include the following: the ability to maintain stable attention for a long time, despite fatigue and extraneous stimuli; the ability to see several possible paths and mentally choose the most effective; the ability to predict the outcome of events taking into account their probability the ability to find new and unusual solutions; the ability to selectively reproduce the currently desired material. CONCLUSIONS: The ideal anesthesiologist and intensive care physicians should have a minimum level of neurotization, a high degree of extraversion and conscientiousness.

Exploring Pharmaceutical Personnel’s Insight and Attitudes Toward Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Preferences for Common Cold Remedies

Background: Pharmaceutical personnel are responsible for providing accurate advice and therapeutic options to ensure safe and effective treatments. Insufficient knowledge of medications can lead to inappropriate drug selections, adversely affecting patient outcomes. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge of pharmaceutical personnel regarding complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and their preferences for remedies used to treat the common cold. Method: A cross-sectional design was utilized, involving 35 respondents from selected chain pharmacies. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that included the Guttman scale for knowledge assessment and the Likert scale for evaluating attitudes and behaviors. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: Most respondents were aged 17-25 years (60.0%), predominantly female (94.3%), held a diploma degree (65.7%), had a monthly income between 2.5-5 million rupiah (74.3%), and had less than three years of work experience (68.6%). Notably, 60.0% had not received training in CAM. The findings indicated that 54.3% of respondents had adequate knowledge of CAM, and 68.6% displayed a positive attitude toward selecting common cold remedies. Additionally, 62.9% recommended supplements or herbal products to patients for preventing or treating the common cold and provided guidance on their proper use. Conclusion: To enhance their knowledge and ensure evidence-based recommendations, pharmaceutical personnel could benefit from additional training on CAM. Furthermore, ongoing education about safe and effective cold remedies may improve patient care and promote better decision-making.

The Influence of Sustainability on Employee’s Commitment, Engagement, Individual Environmental Behavior, Wellbeing and Performance

Generally speaking, as the nature of business life some companies can be successful at implementing sustainability, however many others can’t and struggle. The ration behind this may be related with demographic factors and employee's variables. While the benefits of sustainability for the environment and for organizations have been widely documented, there has been relatively little research exploring the influence of sustainability on employee behaviors and outcomes. The research at hands aims to fulfill that need via exploring the link among sustainability and employee commitment, engagement, individual environmental behavior, wellbeing, and performance in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. By understanding the ways in which sustainability can impact employee behaviors and outcomes, FMCG companies may be better equipped to design and implement sustainable practices that benefit both the environment, their employees, and their organizations. The records submitted in this survey emphasized the cases of firms which have favorably applied sustainability practices. The authors know of no other study dedicated to the investigation of the relation among sustainability and employee commitment, engagement, individual environmental behavior, wellbeing, and performance in the FMCG sector firms performing in a developing country, Türkiye in particular. Among qualitative research methods in-depth interview technique was utilized to gather data from 52 employees working at different eight FMCG local and international companies in Türkiye. The companies were selected due to their strong focus on sustainability and their commitment to implementing environmentally friendly practices. In order to ensure the validity and reliability of the interview form, a pilot interview was conducted on 20 workers, who were selected by random sampling method, and accordingly necessary adjustments were made in the form. The data were evaluated by content analysis method via ATLAS 7.0 software to form general bilateral themes. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used for establishing the overall trustworthiness of qualitative research results. The findings of this study suggested that sustainability practices positively impact employee's commitment, engagement, individual environmental behavior, wellbeing, and performance. According to these data employee's commitment, engagement, individual environmental behavior, wellbeing, and performance increased after their corporations started adapting sustainability practices, especially at production department and for non-managerial roles. It had also been determined that as years of work experience and number of children increased workers’ commitment, engagement, individual environmental behavior, wellbeing, and performance also enhanced. In addition, international firms’ sustainability practices were seen more supportive than local ones in terms of commitment, individual environmental behavior, and performance.

Awareness of Selective Mutism among Speech Language Pathologists

Introduction and Aim : Social language skills, or pragmatics, are crucial for building and maintaining relationships. Deficits in these skills can impact a child's mental health, social-emotional well-being, and academic success. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a key role in assessing and treating pragmatic language disorders. Children with selective mutism (SM) often struggle with social communication, making SLPs well-suited to support them. However, misconceptions about SM being solely an anxiety disorder may lead to inadequate awareness and knowledge among SLPs. This study explores SLPs' awareness and knowledge of SM, their ability to identify and treat the condition, and the need for enhanced training and resources. Methods: The study, conducted in A.J. Institute of Speech and Hearing, included SLPs, each with at least one year of work experience, regardless of their sex, age, geographic location, or work setting. A questionnaire, developed through a bibliographic review and expert feedback, included forced-choice, open-ended, close-ended, and Likert scale questions. It was distributed to SLPs in both academic and clinical settings. The data collected were analysed using statistical methods. Results: Awareness levels varied based on prior experience with SM. SLPs who had worked with children with SM demonstrated significantly higher awareness and understanding of its impact on treatment. Conclusion: The findings highlight SLPs' critical role in SM intervention due to its association with speech and language disorders. However, there is a notable gap in their knowledge. To enhance competency, integrating SM-related content into SLP education and providing in-service training programs are essential. Keywords: Aphasia voluntaria, Co-morbid, Elective mutism, Interdisciplinary approach, Awareness, Competencies, Constant remissness