Yasothon Province Research Articles

Behavior Modification's Impact on Preventing Iron-Deficiency Anemia among Elementary School Students in Mueang Yasothon District, Yasothon Province, Thailand

Behavior Modification's Impact on Preventing Iron-Deficiency Anemia among Elementary School Students in Mueang Yasothon District, Yasothon Province, Thailand

Factors Influencing the Inadequacy of Rabies Post-Exposure Vaccination among Individuals in Yasothon Province

Factors Influencing the Inadequacy of Rabies Post-Exposure Vaccination among Individuals in Yasothon Province

A Copula-Based Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Thai Jasmine Rice Production in the Northeast of Thailand

Thai jasmine rice holds immense economic significance both domestically and as a major export, making it a vital contributor to the Thai economy. Traditional and modern agricultural practices, centered around rice cultivation, play a pivotal role in the culture and economy of the Northeast region. However, concerns have arisen regarding rice production efficiency in recent times due to capital and labor availability challenges. Motivated by these concerns, this study employs a copula-based stochastic frontier modeling (copula-SFM) framework to investigate production efficiency empirically. The research is based on a sample of 384 farmers in the Northeast of Thailand. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is utilized to select the most appropriate model. The results indicate that the Gaussian copula-SFM outperforms other copula models. Notably, the study identifies total area, capital, and labor as critical factors significantly contributing to the positive impact on jasmine rice production. Furthermore, the research ranks provinces based on average technical efficiency (TE) scores, revealing Khon Kaen Province, Yasothon Province, and Roi Et Province as the top-performing regions.

Factors influencing participation in collective marketing through organic rice farmer groups in northeast Thailand

Despite the significant roles of farmer groups in collective action for production and marketing of organic paddy, limited literature has studied the farmer-level determinants of participation in collective action in northeast Thailand. This study examined factors associated with participation in collective marketing for three organic rice farmer groups (Nam Om Community Enterprise Network, Na So Farmer Group, and Moral Rice Farmer Group) in Yasothon Province of Thailand, producing organic jasmine rice for export and domestic markets through contract farming. Primary data were collected from 335 farmers and analyzed by descriptive statistics and the two-limit tobit regression method. The descriptive results showed relatively high levels of social, economic, institutional, and environmental benefits arising from the participation in those groups. In particular, environmental benefits were higher than the other types of benefits. The regression analysis found that age and agricultural loan negatively influenced the extent of participation in collective marketing through farmer groups, whereas education, paddy cultivation area size, non-agricultural income, experience in rice farming, experience in organic rice farming, group membership duration, perceived economic benefits, and membership with Na So farmer group were positively associated with the extent of participation. The effect of experience with organic rice farming was relatively small in Na So Farmer Group. The findings suggest that economic benefits from participation in organic farmer groups should be enhanced in order to increase the collective marketing of organic rice produce. Moreover, the government should provide alternative employment opportunities, knowledge-based training, and low-interest credit to support production and collective marketing of organic rice.

Development of Student Citizenship Indicators in Northeast of Thailand

The objectives of this research were to develop student citizenship indicators and to validate the consistency between models of student t citizenship indicators and the empirical data. 470 samples were drawn from the population of teachers of schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in Yasothon Province in the Northeast of Thailand. The research instrument for data collection was a constructed questionnaire. Basic statistical data was analyzed through a statistical package whereas first and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were done through LISREL 8.53. The results were as follows. 1. Student citizenship with key indicators from the confirmatory factor analyses was totally consisted of 6 models, 20 factors, and 54 indicators. The 6 models are 1) Model of responsibility with 4 factors and 12 indicators, 2) Model of equality with 3 factors and 7 indicators, 3) Model of respect for the rights of others with 3 factors and 8 indicators, 4) Model of public mind with 4 factors and 11 indicators, 5) Model of knowing one’s roles and responsibilities with 3 factors and 8 indicators, and 6) Model of rights and freedom with 3 factors and 8 indicators. 2. These 6 models of the student citizenship indicators were consistent with the empirical data.

Pesticide residues on children's hands, home indoor surfaces, and drinking water among conventional and organic farmers in Thailand.

This study measured pesticide levels on children's hands, home indoor surfaces, and drinking water among Thai conventional and organic farm families in three provinces. Farm families in Nakhonsawan and Phitsanulok provinces were the conventional farmers and those in Yasothon province were the organic farmers. Samples were collected in the dry and wet seasons over 2years (2017 and 2018). All samples were analyzed for organophosphates (OPs), carbamate, pyrethroid, triazines, glyphosate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). On children's hands, the highest concentrations for the 2 palmar surfaces were found for cypermethrin (7.46μg) and fipronil (2.88μg). On home surfaces of approximately 1000 cm2, the highest concentrations were found for cypermethrin (27.94μg) and fipronil 49.76μg)/1000 cm2. For the conventional farmers, the most common pesticides on children's hand wipes were cypermethrin and fipronil, which are used as in-home pesticides as well as agricultural pesticides. However, home surface wipes showed other pesticides associated with agriculture were presented in the home during the seasons when they were used, suggesting spray drift or carry home sources for these pesticides. During the wet season, pesticides were found in the drinking water of all provinces. Most common were fenitrothion, profenofos, fenthion, atrazine, and AMPA. Profenofos was found at levels above the health guidelines. During 2017, there was extensive flooding in Thailand which may have contributed to the drinking water contamination, even though most farmers report using tap water or bottled drinking water. Future work is needed to assess the risk of all sources of pesticide exposures in children and to repeat the drinking water pesticide contamination analysis.

The Tourism Management in the Participatory Organic Farming Way at Bankamkhonta Village, Yasothon Province, Thailand

The objectives of this research were to study the potential of Bankamkhonta community in organizing community-based tourism on the organic farming way and to find a way to develop Bankamkhonta community as a community-based tourism destination in the organic farming way by using the participatory action research process. Conducting this research used group discussions, field visits, workshops, and learning exchanges from successful communities in tourism management. Content analysis is a method of analyzing research data. The results showed that Bankamkhonta community is a community with potential for community-based tourism management on the organic farming way because it is an area that already has organic farming and is a community where people gather to do social activities about continuous and concrete organic farming. The community is able to organize tourism that focuses on activities that tourists experience and understand the value of organic farming or organic agro-tourism and may upgrade such tourism to health and wellness tourism in the future.

Risk Factors of Diabetic Nephropathy Development in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-sectional Retrospective Study

Introduction: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious long-term complications of patients with type 2 diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. Early detection and risk reduction measures can prevent DN. However, data showing the survival time and factors associated with DN development among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes is currently not available. Aim: This study aims to explore the survival time and examine the risk factors associated with the development of DN among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted during 1st January, 2002 to 3rd December, 2017 to performed and to explore the survival time and examine the risk factors associated with the development of DN among 1,540 patients with type 2 diabetes who received treatment at the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) clinic in Mahachanachai Hospital, Yasothon Province, Thailand. Data was collected from the Hospital Experience (HOSxP) program and medical records from 2002 to 2017. Kaplan-Meier and Cox’s regressions were used for data analysis. Results: From those 15 years, out of 1,540 cases 306 eligible patients with type 2 DM were selected for survival analysis. The results showed that 274 patients met the criteria for DN (89.50%) and 32 patients (10.50%) did not meet the criteria for DN. The median of DN survival time was five years. Multivariate Cox’s regression analysis confirmed that systolic blood pressure had a statistically significant association with the development of DN among hospitalised type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion: Duration of Diabetes and Systolic blood pressure are associated with the development of DN. The application of future prevention and control measures are highly recommended to control systolic blood pressure for DN protection.

SERO-PREVALENCE AND PREDICTIVE STATISTICAL MODEL FOR THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS EXPOSURE AMONG PEOPLE IN COMMUNITY, YASOTHON, THAILAND

This study investigated the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and identified a predictive statistical model for the HBV exposure among people in the community, Yasothon, Thailand. A cross-sectional study was performed on participants over 26 years old and living in Muang district, Yasothon province, Thailand. The research was conducted from July to August 2019. All 1,258 participants were verbally screened. Four hundred and fifty nine people were the risk group and tested for HBsAg, and 18 cases were positive for HBsAg (3.9% [95%CI 3.5-4.4]). For the predictive model, the HBV exposure connected with sex, marital status, alcohol, smoking, and knowledge. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 61.8 % (95%CI, 58.6 to 65.0). At cut-off-point -0.66, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 72.6%, 42.4 % and 53.4%, respectively. HBV infection was a serious health problem, it can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer in the future. The predictive model of five variables can predict risk exposure of HBV which may had other relevant factors. Verbal screening by questionnaire to classify HBsAg risk group can lower the implement cost.

Carbon footprint adaptation on green supply chain and logistics of papaya in Yasothon Province using geographic information system

This paper evaluated the carbon footprint of the papaya supply chain to Yasothon Market in Yasothon province, Thailand. There is high consumption of papaya in Yasothon municipality but a lack of papaya plantations in the area lead to a vast amount import of papaya. The study developed a green supply chain and logistics model, using network analysis. The best route for each significant case was the shortest route of the total distance from each registered stop. The results of the analysis revealed that papaya distributed from Ubon Ratchathani and Sisaket Farms should use the route generated by driving and distance impedance with the lowest greenhouse gas emissions at 898.42 kg CO2 eq./FU. Meanwhile, the distribution from Nakorn Ratchasima should use the driving distance impedance to generate the route with the lowest greenhouse gas emissions at 987.37 k kg CO2 eq./FU. While the papaya supply chain from Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Lopburi, and Ratchaburi to Khon Kaen Market with driving distance impedance is the best solution among all the alternative routes as it generates the lowest greenhouse gas emissions at 6620.23 kg CO2 eq./FU. The results suggest that the distribution center can help reducing the distance, resulting in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The results of the study can suggest the sustainable index of the papaya supply chain by comparing the conventional and improved environmental impact of the papaya supply chain from the green logistics model. The alternatives will be the suggestion of pathways towards improvements in green supply chain and logistics of papaya, which can also be considered for implementation in other agricultural products.

Measuring the Technical Efficiency of Certified Organic Rice Producing Farms in Yasothon Province: Northeast Thailand

Rice production holds a significant position in the Thai economy. Although it is the world’s largest rice exporter, Thailand’s increase in rice production is the result of an expansion in the cultivation area rather than an increase in yield per unit area. The present study was designed to estimate the technical efficiency and its governing factors for certified organic rice-growing farms in Yasothon Province, Thailand. A data envelopment model was employed to assess the technical efficiency of 328 farmer groups. The data revealed that the average technical efficiency was 23% and 28% under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) specifications, respectively. Farmers can reduce the use of machinery, fertilizer, seed, and labor as input factors by about 80.1%, 25.62%, 24.72%, and 19.15%, respectively, while still achieving the same level of output. Multiple regression analysis was applied to estimate factors that affect the pure technical efficiency score (PTES) in the test regions. Results show that household size, farm size, water source, market accessibility, health symptoms, income, and labor were highly related to the TES and the amount of organic rice production. The regression coefficients of the predictors show that the income was the best predictor of the PTES at a significance level of p < 0.05. It is concluded that the farmers can potentially increase their yields by up to 72%–77% under current management practices.

Investigate Grade 7 Students’ Knowledge Construction About Diffusion and Osmosis

This research aimed to investigate the students’ constructing scientific knowledge about diffusion and osmosis with analogy approach. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling method including 30 Grade 7 students in Yasothonpittayakom School, Muang District, Yasothon Province, Thailand, in second semester of 2014 academic year. Gathering data by semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaire. The data analyses were qualitative analytical techniques. The results of study revealed that almost students held the concept of dissolve to mention diffusion and held the concept of the particulate and the movement of particulate. Their explanations of diffusion and osmosis mentioned various phenomena.

FACTORS AFFECTING AGING WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT IN KHO WANG, YASOTHON PROVINCE, THAILAND

This research on the factors affecting management of the aging workforce in Kho Wang, Yasothon Province aims to: 1) study the factors affecting management of the aging workforce; and 2) provide guidelines on management of the aging workforce at Kho Wang District, Yasothon Province. This is a qualitative research in which data are derived from literature review in various forms such as text books, research papers, academic materials as well as specialized journals and magazines. Content analysis has been selected as a research methodology, and data presentation is descriptive in nature. The results show that transformation leadership style and management of diversity are important factors that provide positive effects on management of the aging workforce in Amphoe Kho Wang, Yasothon Province. The changing structure of population towards aging society produces a severe shortage at the labor market. As a result, there are less young people joining the workplace. Thus, every organization has to deal with the situation when it lacks employees. Therefore, appropriate management of elderly workforce becomes a challenging issue in HR management for the near future. Firms should be able to use the skills, knowledge, capacity, expertise as well as accumulated experience from the older workers in order to benefit their own organizations.

Testing psychometric properties of a new instrument 'Promoting Active Ageing in Older People with Mental Disorders Scale' from a cross-sectional study.

There is no instrument that measures the promotion of active ageing or the factors that influence the promotion of active ageing in older people with mental disorders living in the community. This study aimed to examine psychometric properties of a new survey instrument. A mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used incorporating a cross-sectional survey. The Promoting Active Ageing in Older People with Mental Disorders Scale (PAA-MD) was sent to 579 primary care providers in Yasothon province, Thailand. Construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis. The internal reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The PAA-MD consisted of three sections. Section II found Bartlett's test of sphericity was χ2 (1431) = 26221.167, P < 0.001. Items used theoretical justification to group items into five factors, namely: participation, education, health, leisure, and security. Section III indicated Bartlett's test was χ2 (666) = 23524.074, P < 0.001. Items were grouped into five components, namely: facilitators, barriers, knowledge, skills, resources and support. Internal reliability of sections II and III with Cronbach's alpha was greater than 0.7. The corrected item-total correlation coefficient of all items was greater than 0.30. The PAA-MD contains 104 items from three sections. Construct validity was adequate to capture phenomena. Internal reliability revealed good homogeneity.

The Process of Human Resource Development to Become a Democratic Community: A Case Study of Excellent Democratic Communities in Kham Khuean Kaew District, Yasothon Province, Thailand

The objective of this research is to analyze the principles and concepts for the human resources development of the democratic community in Kham Khuean Kaew Dristrict, Yasothon Province by using the qualitative research methodology to study the phenomenon of human resources development in each community. The data is collected from 35 informants consisting of the qualified persons, community leaders, village’s committees, leaders of local administrative officers, and general people. This research tools consist of the structural interview forms, observation forms, and field work record forms. The data is collected from the document analysis, in-depth interview, focus group, and observation. The results are analyzed by using the Content Analysis method. The results reveal that (1) the types of community linkages for the 3 communities have some common natures in 3 aspects; being the communities that focus on giving people the opportunity to participate in, focusing on the use of community culture as a medium, and focusing on the establishment of community network, (2) The principles and concepts of human resource development in the democratic community is the process of creating people to have correct knowledge and understanding on the democracy by using the study guidelines, socialization, adaptation of the community culture, cooperation between various sectors such as schools, families, temples and communities in the form of network to promote efficient and effective human resource development in the community in order to build the foundation of democratic development at the community level and the national level stably and sustainably, (3) The democratic character of the community is in two dimensions; the individual dimension and the community dimension, (4) The role of community movement towards democracy is that in driving the democracy, it is supported by two main factors; internal and external community factors, and (5) the human resource development process towards being the democratic community should begin with the family along with socialization through the environment of the community under the conditions of tradition and culture, economic system of the community, way of life of the community people which leads to the happy democratic community.

Folklore, Restoration of Social Capital and Community Culture

This is a qualitative research study using participatory action research and aimed to (1) Study the value and meaning of folklore in current local context, (2) study the correlation between folklore structure and northeastern social structure, and (3) promote the use of folklore as social capital for the formation of child learning process. The sample group consisted of students and teachers, the elderly, and parents totaling 102 persons. Among the people in the sample group were 52 students from Class 1 (Grade 1-3) from Ban Kham Sang Chang School, Namkham Sub- district, Thai Charoen District, Yasothon Province, and teachers and parents of the students in the community totaling 50 persons. The research findings revealed that folklore helped in creating community space for people in the community to meet and interact with each other. The elderly, who were the key social capital of the community, were able to play their valuable roles once again, which brought happiness to the community. Children and young people learnt about the history of the community, which was their root, through the storytelling activity and were able to change their ways of thinking and behaviors from listening to these stories. Missing traditions and playing activity were restored, resulting in cooperation in performing activities of the community.

Prevalence of OV Infection in Yasothon Province, Northeast Thailand

A liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrrini (OV), is the major cause of the high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand. The prevalence of OV infection remains high in various parts of the country, especially in Northeast Thailand and particularly in wetland rural areas where a large proportion of the community work in agriculture and continue the traditional practice of eating raw or undercooked cyprinoid fish products. The national control program seems to have had little impact in many of these areas, and it has been difficult to make precise assessments of the overall effectiveness of the program. This paper is the first report of prospective research project designed to monitor the impact of the national control program in rural communities located in a northeastern province and at high risk of OV infection. The participants in this initial survey were 1,569 villagers, aged 20-65 years, living in two subdistricts of Yasothon Province. Stool examinations showed that 38.68% were infected with OV. Males were slightly more likely to be infected than females, but the difference was not statistically significant. Infection was found to be positively associated with age in both males and females. The preliminary data indicate that the population selected for study is suitable for the purpose of the monitoring project.

Utilization of rice husk fly ash in the color glass production

In this research work, the glasses were prepared by rice husk ash from Yasothon Province, Thailand. The result shows that, after sintered at 1,000°C (RHA sample), rice husk ash can be used in colorless and color glass production. The color glass can be prepared from RHA and showed light blue (CuO doped), brown (MnO2 doped), deep blue (CoO doped), pink (Er2O3 doped) and green (Cr2O3 doped) color. The color of glasses was confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. This research is useful in the development of glass from ash and increased utilization of industrial waste.

Buddhist Philosophy: A Study of Buddha Images for Perpetuating Buddhism in Isan Society

Problem statement: Buddha image is a symbol which built for representing the Buddha. At present, the majority of people always misinterpret and misevaluate the real value of Buddha image. As a matter of fact, Buddha image enhances social solidarity and social networks of Northeast-Thai people. Appreciating value of Buddha image is necessary for next generation so a study of Buddhist Philosophy towards Buddha images and current problems concerning interpretation and evaluation is a serious study. This research aimed at investigating a body of knowledge of Buddhist Philosophy towards Buddha image and current problems concerning interpretation and evaluation of Buddha image according to Buddhist Philosophy. Approach: Research areas were Ubon Ratchathani Province, Yasothon Province and Maha Sarakham Province. A sample of 116 people consisted of a group of key informants, a group of casual informants and a group of general informants. Research instruments were an observation, a survey, an interview and a focus group interview. Research data were examined by means of a triangulation technique and research results were presented by means of a descriptive analysis. Results: Buddha images reflect Buddhist philosophy towards 7 postures of the Buddha, they are a Buddha image in a posture of overcoming temptations (Pang Mara Wichai), in a posture of sitting under the protection of the hood of the mythical serpent (Pang Nak Prok), in a posture of sitting in meditation (Pang Samati), in a posture of giving a sermon (Pang Prathan Porn), in a posture of sitting with an aureole around the body (Pang Ruean Kaew) and in a posture of displaying the Twin Miracles (Pang Yamok Patihan). A main current problem is people are more interested in the miracle power of Buddha image than the practice according to Buddhist Philosophy which conceals in it. Conclusion/Recommendation: Research result reveals the value of Buddhist Philosophy which conceals in Buddha image and point to the usefulness of Buddhist Philosophy for daily life and perpetuation of Buddhism in Isan society (Northeast society of Thailand).

The Ways to Conserve and Develop Isan-Shadow Puppet Performances for Promoting Cultural Value and Worth

Problem statement: Nang Pra Mo Thai Isan (Isan-Shadow puppet performance) is a kind of cultural plays which has been performed for a long time. At present, it has declined from people’s popularity so it should be conserved and developed in order to promote its folk-cultural value and worth. The purposes of this research were: (1) to investigate the diffusion, the background, the elements, the custom, the belief of Nang Pra Mo Thai (Isan-shadow performance) and the ways of life of Isan-shadow puppet performance groups, (2) to search for the ways to conserve and develop Nang Pro Mo Thai and (3) to search for the ways to promote folk-cultural value and worth of Nang Pra Mo Thai (Isan-shadow puppet performance). Approach: Research areas were Roi-Et, Yasothon, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Khon Kaen and Maha Sarakham Province. Because Nang Pro Mo Thai groups (Isan-shadow puppet performance groups) have lived in these areas and they have moved to perform in all northeastern areas of Thailand. Research population was 51 Isan-shadow puppet performance groups and a sample consisted of the chiefs, the deputy chiefs, the assistant chiefs, the puppet operators, the dabbers and the musicians. Research data were collected by means of a survey, an interview, an observation and a focus group interview. Research results were presented by means of a descriptive analysis. Results: (1) The diffusion of Nang Pra Mo Thai performances have found frequently in the central and lower of northeast Thailand but have rarely found in the upper part. Knowledge of performing Nang Pra Mo Thai has been transmitted from generation to generation among family and relatives, (2) The ways to conserve and develop Nang Pra Mo Thai focused on the elements of a performance, the art of presentation, the system of light and sound, public relations and the time of a performance and (3) The ways to promote folk film for promoting Nang Pra Mo Thai, holding activities for promoting Nang Pra Mo Thai, holding Nang Pro Mo Thai-competitions, producing souvenirs, writing a history of Nang Pra Mo Thai, producing visual compact discs for promoting Nang Pra Mo Thai. Conclusion: According to these research results, the persons who are involved in conservation and development of Nong Pra Mo Thai (Isan-shadow puppet performance) can adapt them for the appropriate operation concerning their duties.