Xylitol Research Articles

Characterization of sugar maple and red oak bark: Efficient lignin extraction via the Organosolv and acidic dioxane process

The barks of two wood species, sugar maple (SM) and red oak (RO), were investigated to characterize their chemical composition and isolate the lignins they contain, representing relatively underexplored and underutilized polymers. Characterizing these two barks involved assessing extractive components, Klason and acid-soluble lignin, ash content, and sugars. It was observed that RO bark had a higher concentration of extractive substances and a lower Klason lignin content compared to SM bark. The Klason lignin content in the barks of the SM and RO bark was measured at 35.0% and 26.4%, respectively, higher than values reported for corresponding to wood of the same species, 21.8% and 22.2%, respectively, for RO and SM. Lignin isolation from bark was achieved by utilizing Organosolv catalytic and acid dioxane processes. Notably, the Organosolv process yielded lignins of considerably higher purity. The structural analysis of the bark lignins was peformed by combination of spectroscopic methods: FTIR,13P NMR, and solid-state NMR. Compared to dioxane lignins, a higher concentration of OH bound to syringyl and guayacyl units were found in Organosolv lignins. In contrast, aliphatic OH units are more important in dioxane lignins than in Organosolv lignins. Furthermore, sugar analysis was conducted via HPLC, thermal analysis was conducted through DSC and TGA, and ash composition identification was done using ICP-OES. Notably, higher Mw and Mn values are determined by GPC for dioxane lignins than for Organosolv lignins.

Effects of a xylitol-casein complex on insulin resistance and gut microbiota composition in high-fat-diet + streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus mice

This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex (XC) on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions. High-fat-diet (HFD) + streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol (XY), casein (CN), and XC, after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics. XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, pancreas impairment, blood lipid levels, and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY- and CN-treated mice. Furthermore, XC modulated the α-diversity, β-diversity and gut microbiota composition. Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis, the relative abundances of Alistipes, Bacteroides, and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM. In conclusion, we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice. Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and, eventually, human trials.

Fully renewable oxygen barrier films of scCO2-processed thermoplastic starch/sugar alcohol blends

Abstract Excellent oxygen barrier films were prepared by blending very small loadings (<1 wt%) of dihydroxyacetone (DHA), erythritol (ET) or xylitol (XT) in thermoplastic starch (TPS), and/or processing with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) assistance. The minimum oxygen transmission rates (OTR) and all free-volume-hole characteristic (FVH) values of each scCO2-processed TPS/sugar alcohol film series are somewhat smaller than those of corresponding TPS/sugar alcohol film series without scCO2-assistance, and decrease with the decrease in sugar alcohol’s molecular weight. The minimum OTR values acquired for scCO2-processed TPS/DHA and TPS/ET blown films are only 3.6 and 4.3 cm3/m2·day·atm, respectively, which meet the demand of high oxygen barrier films having OTR ≦5 cm3/m2·day·atm. The longitudinal or transversal tensile strengths acquired for each scCO2-processed TPS/sugar alcohol series films are ∼30 % to ∼40 % higher than those of the TPS blown films. Dynamic mechanical relaxations of each TPS/sugar alcohol or scCO2-processed TPS/sugar alcohol film series reveal that the sugar alcohols are compatible with TPS, as their sugar alcohol contents are ≤ the corresponding compatibility values. The decreased OTR and FVH values acquired for TPS/sugar alcohol or scCO2-processed TPS/sugar alcohol films are most likely due to them being scCO2-processed or incorporated with smaller molecular weight of sugar alcohols.

Impact of non-covalent interactions on the solvation of ovalbumin in an aqueous environment of different pHs: Thermodynamic and diffusion studies

The solvation behavior of protein is an important factor in protein-based food products. In the present study, the xylitol (XY) - ovalbumin (OVN) interaction in an aqueous solution of different pH conditions is analyzed in two methods. In one method, the thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy, free volume, and internal pressure are calculated by using ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity in addition the refractive index is also measured. The second method is a theoretical method in which using the Laplace transform technique the diffused amount of protein have been calculated for OVN with and without XY in different pH environment. The addition of XY with OVN makes the system with more free energy and free volume as the internal pressure decreases. This trend shows that preferential interaction occurs between solvent–solute molecules. The diffusivity of OVN is reduced after the addition of XY representing the strength of protein-protein interaction. The effect of pH changes is well reflected in both experimental and theoretical results. The results confirm that acidic pH extremity offers more solvation of OVN compared to alkaline pH extremity.

Exploring the effectiveness of polyhydroxy complexing agents in sapphire chemical mechanical polishing: Combining experiments and theoretical calculation

High efficiency and environmentally friendly is the core development in sapphire chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) slurry. Therefore, complexing agents xylitol (XL) and mannitol (MA) were used to enhance the CMP performance of sapphire. The results showed that the addition of 0.2 wt% MA resulted in the optimal MRRs of C-, A- and R-plane sapphire, which are 4.878 µm/h, 2.242 µm/h and 2.731 µm/h, and the surface roughness is 0.274 nm, 0.262 nm and 0.260 nm, respectively. Partical size detection, XPS, FTIR and density functional theory (DFT) calculations results showed that the addition of MA did not alter the mechanical action, but can react with Al(OH)4− to form softer complexes, which improves MRRs and surface quality.

Unlocking nature's sweet secret for citric acid production from wood sugars: Evaluation of microbial strains and environmental impacts

This study investigates a novel approach by utilizing wood-derived sugars as a substrate for microbial citric acid (CA) production. Additionally, it examines the environmental implications through an ex-ante life cycle assessment (LCA). Various microbial strains including six yeast strains from the Yarrowia genus, three filamentous fungi strains from the Aspergillus genus, and eight bacterial strains were evaluated for their potential in CA production. The investigation primarily focused on optimizing citric acid production by considering various factors such as substrate concentrations, nitrogen levels, alcohols, surfactants, and the potential of non-commercial strains. The study yielded promising results, with the highest CA yields recorded as follows: 5.7 g/L from bacterial fermentation, 36.8 g/L from yeast fermentation, and 67.7 g/L from fungi fermentation. Furthermore, by applying an ex-ante LCA, the study assessed the environmental impact of citric acid production. Results indicated a significant reduction in environmental footprint when scaled up, with emissions decreasing from 235 to 585.8 kgCO2eq/kg at the laboratory scale to 4–6 kgCO2eq/kg at the larger scale.

Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on chosen saccharides yield and cellulose structure from fast-growing poplar (Populus deltoides × maximowiczii) wood

The aim of this study was to determine the changes occurring in the wood cellulose of the fast-growing poplar (Populus deltoides × maximowiczii) under the influence of steam explosion (SE) pretreatment. Cellulose from native wood and after pretreatment at 160 and 205 °C was isolated. Cellulose polymerization degree by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and cellulose crystallinity index by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) were determined. The profiles of sugars in the native wood and in the solid fraction after pretreatment (using the acid hydrolysis method) were also determined. In addition, the profile of monosaccharides in the liquid fraction obtained after steam explosion and in the liquid fraction after acid hydrolysis of the oligosaccharides were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This allowed to determine the change in the yield of hexoses and pentoses in the studied material.The behavior of cellulose in wood subjected to steam explosion at 160 and 205 °C and isolated by the Kürschner–Hoffer method was studied by determining the absorption bands of FTIR-ATR spectra. The lateral order index (LOI) of cellulose was calculated from the ratio of the intensity of the corresponding absorption bands A1422/A896 cm−1. Total crystallinity index (TCI) of cellulose was calculated from the ratio of the intensity of absorption bands A1372/A2900 cm−1. TCI of Kürschner-Hoffer cellulose isolated from wood subjected to steam explosion at 160 and 205 °C decreased by 5.6 and 5.0%, respectively, with regard to the applied temperature. LOI increased in cellulose isolated from wood subjected to steam explosion at 160 °C (by 0.7%) and at 205 °C (by 19.2%) in relation to the index of cellulose isolated from native wood. Kürschner–Hoffer cellulose isolated from wood subjected to steam explosion at 160 and 205 °C exhibited, respectively, a reduced degree of polymerization of about 11% and about 8%. Polydispersity index in Kürschner–Hoffer cellulose was 1% lower after both pretreatments than native sample.

Molecular docking study of frequently used food additives for selected targets depending on the chromosomal abnormalities they cause

Food additives (FAs) (flavor enhancers, sweeteners, etc.) protect foods during storage and transportation, making them attractive to consumers. Today, while the desire to access natural foods is increasing, the chemicals added to foods have started to be questioned. In this respect, genotoxicity tests have gained importance. Studies show that some food additives may have genotoxic risks. Previous studies carried out in our laboratory also revealed genotoxic effects of Monopotassium glutamate (MPG), Monosodium glutamate (MSG), Magnesium diglutamate (MDG) as flavor enhancers; Potassium benzoate (PB), Potassium sorbate (PS), Sodium benzoate (SB), Sodium sorbate (SS) as preservatives; Acesulfame potassium (ACE-K), Xylitol (XYL) as sweeteners. In this study, we determined the interactions of these food additives with ATM and p53 proteins, which are activated in the cell due to genotoxic effects, and with DNA by employing the molecular docking method for the first time. Among the food additives, SB (−4.307) for ATM, XYL (−4.629) for p53, and XYL (−4.927) for DNA showed the highest affinity. Therefore, flexible docking (IFD) scores were determined for SB, XYL, and MDG from flavor enhancers. The potential binding modes of the food additives to target molecules' possible inhibition mechanisms were determined by molecular docking. Thus, new information was obtained to show how these additives cause chromosomal abnormalities.

Long-term consumption of natural sweeteners differentially modulates stress, anxiety, and depression behaviors in C57BL/6 female mice

Excessive consumption of added sugars has been associated with psychiatric disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression, especially in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural sweeteners on stress, anxiety, and depression behaviors and physiological effects in C57BL/6 female mice (n = 72). Agave syrup (AS), monk fruit (MF), glycyrrhizin (GLY), xylitol (XYL), and allulose (AL) were administered in the drinking water for 20 weeks. The intake of food and drink, and body weight of the mice was evaluated weekly. Moreover, forced swimming, tail suspension, elevated maze tests, morphometric analyses, organ weight/body weight index estimation, leukocyte count and granulocytes/leukocytes (G/L), and plasma glucose levels were performed at the end of the experimental trial. According to the results, all sweeteners increased weight gain (p < 0.01) but not food and drink intakes or glucose levels. The consumption of AS, MF, XYL, and AL decreased the symptoms of depression, while the consumption of AS, GLY, XYL, and AL increased the signs of anxiety (p < 0.001). In leukocyte count, all sweeteners caused changes compared to the control group (CON) (p < 0.0001). Organ weights, lengths, and G/L ratio showed significant reductions for all sweeteners except GLY. In conclusion, the consumption of natural sweeteners in female mice triggers alterations in behavioral disorders and other physiological responses.

Xylitol-based polyester loose nanofiltration membranes with outstanding water permeance and efficient dye desalination performance

Polyester (PE) membranes with outstanding permeance and efficient dye desalination performance have become ideal for resource recovery from dye wastewater. However, further improving the performance of PE membranes remains challenging. Herein, a novel high-performance PE loose nanofiltration (LNF) membrane was fabricated via interfacial polymerization, in which nontoxic, rich in hydroxyl, large size, inexpensive, low reactivity, and biodegradable xylitol (XL) was utilized to fabricate PE films. The newly formed XL-based membrane had a hydrophilic, negatively charged, smooth, loose, and thin selective layer. The membrane was optimized by controlling the XL concentrations in the aqueous phase (0.5–2.5 wt%). The optimized membrane (XL-1.5/TMC) exhibited unprecedented water permeance (97.6 L m−2h−1 bar−1) and satisfactory dye desalination performance (Congo red/Na2SO4 selectivity of 259). In addition, the XL-1.5/TMC membrane showed outstanding antifouling performance and stability, which showed great potential for the large-scale application of XL-based membranes. Therefore, this new strategy for the fabrication of PE LNF membranes featuring superior performance using XL was proposed to facilitate resource recovery from dye wastewater.

A closed-loop circularity in wood sugar as a renewable carbon source for fungal pigment production and application of pigments in wood colouration

The main objective is to demonstrate closed-loop circularity in the production of fungal pigment from renewable wood sugar hydrolysate (WSH) and impregnation of colour pigment into wood. Talaromyces sp 43 M, isolated from a New Zealand vineyard, was identified as Talaromyces ruber (TR) using multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. A mild pretreatment followed by ball milling was used to prepare Pinus radiata pulp which was enzymatically hydrolysed to generate WSH. Malt 30 g/L or WSH 40 g/L were optimum carbon sources when supplemented with peptone 10 g/L and meat extract 1 g/L as optimum nitrogen sources giving maximum production of extracellular pigment. TR completely metabolizes multiple carbon sources as well as fermentation inhibitors to elicit pigment production. The CIELAB colour characteristics of the pigment vary as a response to carbon sources (malt vs WSH) and fermentation time. The fluorescent pigment produced in malt and WSH medium were efficiently impregnated into wooden blocks.

The utilization of glycerol and xylitol in bio-based vitrimer-like elastomer: Toward more environmentally friendly recyclable and thermally healable crosslinked rubber

Eco-friendly rubbers developed from renewable materials and using covalent adaptive networks (CANs) are a family of sustainable materials that has recently attracted enormous interest from both industry and academia. In this study, vitrimer-like elastomers based on epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were synthesized by cross-linking with dimer fatty acid (DFA). The addition of a small amount of bio-based polyol, namely the sugar alcohol glycerol (GLY) or xylitol (XYL), into the elastomeric vitrimer significantly enhanced its physical and viscoelastic properties. The glycerol-containing vitrimer tended to have reduced maximum torque, modulus, and crosslink density, while the opposite trend was found when xylitol was loaded in ENR50 vitrimer. Therefore, the mechanical and thermal properties of ENR50 vitrimer, as well as H-bond formation, can be manipulated by incorporating different types and concentrations of bio-based polyols. Importantly, a β-hydroxy ester formed in ENR50 can undergo an exchange reaction between the ester and hydroxyl group, a so-called dynamic exchange transesterification reaction, enabling thermo-healing and recycling. The formation of a denser network in polyol-treated ENR50 vitrimer may suppress the mobility of chain segments, affecting speeds of exchange reaction and stress relaxation. The ENR50 vitrimer with sugar alcohols shows several remarkable features in its mechanical performance and dynamic properties and points to an alternative for achieving green production, circular economy, and environmentally friendly processes.

Investigating Effective Methods and Factors in the Production of Compressed Charcoal from Agricultural Waste

More than 50,000 tons of charcoals are used annually in Iran, which will increase to 100,000 tons per year, taking into account the amount of charcoal exported to the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf. In order to produce the charcoal needed by the country in the traditional way, more than 300,000 tons of wood are cut and collected from the trunks and branches of trees every year, which will lead to the destruction of the country's forests and green resources. Agricultural by-products, especially rice, cocoa, rubber, pineapple and sugarcane, are produced in large quantities all over the world. Asia alone produces 4.4 billion tons of solid waste annually. The amount of agricultural solid waste produced in Ahvaz city is 2,500,000 tons, almost all of this amount is related to sugarcane cultivation and industries that exist in this province. Wood waste, sugar cane and grass are the most prominent sources of biomass energy and if managed properly, they can be used as a raw material to produce charcoal and create renewable and sustainable energy. The general purpose of this article is to investigate different methods of producing compressed coal from agricultural waste and the factors affecting its production

Molecular details of ovalbumin solvation by an aqueous solution of xylitol in different pH environment:Ultrasonic and molecular simulation studies

Artificial sweetener-protein interactions are playing a major role in enhancing the functional properties of protein-based food and pharmaceutical products. This article discusses the molecular details of ovalbumin (OA) solvation in an aqueous solution of xylitol (XY) in different pH environments. This task can be accomplished by both Ultrasonic and Molecular Simulation studies. In ultrasonic studies, density, ultrasound velocity, viscosity, and surface tension have been measured for OA in various pH of phosphate buffer with and without XY. Further, some of the calculated parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, free volume, etc have been worked out. From ultrasonic results, pH dependent preferential hydration of OA was noticed in the presence of XY in an aqueous environment. In Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS) studies, water and XY accumulation to OA surface for different pH models were analyzed. The different states of protonation of the OA surface promote two distinct effects on the solvent and cosolvent orientation.

DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WOOD APPLE JELLY CONTAINING IMMOBILIZED LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS

People nowadays prefer functional food products that have health benefits beyond their nutritional benefits. Fruit-based products with additional benefits of probiotics are also gaining popularity worldwide. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and sensory properties of wood apple jelly infused with probiotic microbes. Firstly, different solvent extracts of wood apple pulp were tested for total phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant activities. Wood apple pulp and sugar were used to prepare control jelly (WAJ). The experimental jelly (PWAJ) was prepared similarly with addition of immobilized L. acidophilus. The pH, titratable acidity, colour, texture, total phenol, flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics of WAJ and PWAJ were analysed using standard methods. The methanolic extract of wood apple pulp showed significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher total phenol, flavonoid, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant as compared to acetone and aqueous extract. There was no significant difference in pH, titratable acidity, colour, texture, total phenol, flavonoid, DPPH radical scavenging activity, or ferric reducing antioxidant capacity between WAJ and PWAJ. The sensory quality of both the jellies was stable during the storage period of one month except for flavour which was significantly reduced after 15 days. The probiotic count in PWAJ was 7.18 log CFU at zero day and did not change significantly up to 15 days. In conclusion, wood apple is a promising source of antioxidants. Incorporating probiotic organisms in wood apple jelly was found to be acceptable and can be used as a functional food.

Synchronous Dual Electrolyte Additive Sustains Zn Metal Anode with 5600 h Lifespan

AbstractDespite conspicuous merits of Zn metal anodes, the commercialization is still handicapped by rampant dendrite formation and notorious side reaction. Manipulating the nucleation mode and deposition orientation of Zn is a key to rendering stabilized Zn anodes. Here, a dual electrolyte additive strategy is put forward via the direct cooperation of xylitol (XY) and graphene oxide (GO) species into typical zinc sulfate electrolyte. As verified by molecular dynamics simulations, the incorporated XY molecules could regulate the solvation structure of Zn2+, thus inhibiting hydrogen evolution and side reactions. The self‐assembled GO layer is in favor of facilitating the desolvation process to accelerate reaction kinetics. Progressive nucleation and orientational deposition can be realized under the synergistic modulation, enabling a dense and uniform Zn deposition. Consequently, symmetric cell based on dual additives harvests a highly reversible cycling of 5600 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2.

Synchronous Dual Electrolyte Additive Sustains Zn Metal Anode with 5600 h Lifespan.

Despite conspicuous merits of Zn metal anodes, the commercialization is still handicapped by rampant dendrite formation and notorious side reaction. Manipulating the nucleation mode and deposition orientation of Zn is a key to rendering stabilized Zn anodes. Here, a dual electrolyte additive strategy is put forward via the direct cooperation of xylitol (XY) and graphene oxide (GO) species into typical zinc sulfate electrolyte. As verified by molecular dynamics simulations, the incorporated XY molecules could regulate the solvation structure of Zn2+ , thus inhibiting hydrogen evolution and side reactions. The self-assembled GO layer is in favor of facilitating the desolvation process to accelerate reaction kinetics. Progressive nucleation and orientational deposition can be realized under the synergistic modulation, enabling a dense and uniform Zn deposition. Consequently, symmetric cell based on dual additives harvests a highly reversible cycling of 5600 h at 1.0 mA cm-2 /1.0 mAh cm-2 .

Tatlandırıcı Olan Xylitol'ün In Vitro Genotoksik Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Xylitol (XYL) is a sweetener used as a food additive in the food industry. In the present study, four different genotoxicity assays (chromosomal aberration=CA, sister chromatid exchange=SCE, cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome=CBMN-Cyt, and comet assays) were conducted to assess the potential genotoxicity of XYL in human lymphocytes. Four concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg mL-1) of XYL were applied to lymphocytes obtained from three healthy young donors. The frequency of CA was not significantly affected by 24-h administration of XYL (except 1000 μg mL-1 for the number of CAs). 48 h treatment of XYL increased the frequency of CAs and abnormal cells. However, this increase was significant at only two highest concentrations. XYL significantly increased SCE/cell rate at the two highest concentrations at both treatment times (24 and 48h). Similarly, the frequency of MN, Nuclear buds (NBUDs), and Nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) significantly increased by XYL only at the high concentrations. It raised the comet parameters at the two highest concentrations. These observations showed that XYL, only at high concentrations, may have a genotoxic effect on human lymphocytes in vitro. For this reason, it can be concluded that its use at low concentrations may not cause DNA or chromosomal damage.

Biorefinery development for the conversion of softwood residues into sustainable aviation fuel: Implications from life cycle assessment and energetic-exergetic analyses

Biofuels present a strong potential to support the rapid decarbonization of the mobility sector and substitution for fossil fuels. In the aviation sector, sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) are currently produced from various feedstocks and conversion pathways to achieve sustainability targets. A new SAF production pathway has been recently developed, which is based on enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood residues (saw dust), fermentation of wood sugars into isobutene, and subsequent conversion to SAF isoparaffins by oligomerization and hydrogenation. This pathway is currently under consideration for inclusion as an additional annex to ASTM standard D7566.In this study, several biorefinery set-up scenarios including various process energy provisions and co products valorization were considered in order to assess the environmental impact of SAF production. First, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the conversion pathway. Second, the GHG reduction potential was evaluated according to the frameworks of EU RED 2018/2001/EC and CORSIA. Third, energetic and exergetic analyses were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the biorefinery. Inefficiencies of upstream processes, such as for electricity provision, were not considered.Depending on the plant layout, the GHG emissions vary between 18.7 and 56 gCO2eq/MJ. Thus, compared to the fossil reference, GHG emission reductions of up to 80.1% and 79% can be achieved for both frameworks, respectively. Plant set-up comparisons revealed that the highest reduction in GHG emissions can be achieved when using the by-product lignin for thermal energy provision and renewable energy sources (RES) to cover electricity demand.The energetic and exergetic efficiency analyses of SAF as a single product were 11.7%–14.9% and 11%–13.8%, respectively. A lignin-CHP plant set-up revealed the highest efficiencies and has the additional benefit of covering up to 82.3% of the total primary energy demand (PED) via RES. Taking all by-products into account, the energetic system efficiency ranged from 39.4% to 50.1% and the exergetic system efficiency from 40.4% to 56.9%, respectively. The highest efficiencies were achieved with the natural gas boiler set-up and electricity consumption from the public grid. The analysis revealed the importance of utilizing all biorefinery products (main and by-products) to increase the system efficiency of the biorefinery.

Impacts of short-term feeding by spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) on ecophysiology of young hardwood trees in a common garden.

Spotted lanternfly (SLF; Lycorma delicatula White; Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) invaded the US from Asia and was first detected in 2014; currently, populations have established in 14 states primarily in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic. It feeds voraciously on phloem sap from a broad range of host plants, with a preference for tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima [Sapindales: Simaroubaceae]), grapevines (Vitis spp. [Vitales: Vitaceae]), and several common hardwood tree species. We evaluated the impacts of fourth instars and adults confined to a single branch or whole trees on gas exchange attributes (carbon assimilation [photosynthetic rate], transpiration and stomatal conductance), selected nutrients, and diameter growth using young saplings of four host tree species planted in a common garden. In general, the effects of adults on trees were greater than nymphs, although there was variation depending on tree species, pest density, and time post-infestation. Nymphs on a single branch of red maple (Acer rubrum [Sapindales: Sapindaceae]), or silver maple (Acer saccharinum [Sapindales: Sapindaceae]) at three densities (0, 15, or 30) had no significant effects on gas exchange. In contrast, 40 adults confined to a single branch of red or silver maple rapidly suppressed gas exchange and reduced nitrogen concentration in leaves; soluble sugars in branch wood were reduced in the fall for silver maple and in the following spring for red maple. Fourth instars confined to whole silver maple trees reduced soluble sugars in leaves and branch wood, and reduced tree diameter growth by >50% during the next growing season. In contrast, fourth instars in whole tree enclosures had no effects on black walnut (Juglans nigra [Fagales: Juglandaceae]). SLF enclosed on tree of heaven at 80 adults per tree suppressed gas exchange after two weeks of feeding, but did not alter non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen concentrations, or tree growth. Results suggest that moderate to heavy feeding by SLF on young maple saplings may impair tree growth, which could have implications for production nurseries and forest managers.