X-ray Diagnostic Department Research Articles

ОЦЕНКА ПОЖИЗНЕННОГО РИСКА ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ СРЕДИ ПЕРСОНАЛА РЕНТГЕНОДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИХ ОТДЕЛЕНИЙ СТАЦИОНАРОВ Г. МИНСКА

Based on the calculation of the excess lifetime risk of cancer of various organs and systems as a result of total exposure in employees of X-ray diagnostic hospitals in Minsk, it was shown that in men the likelihood of oncopathology is more pronounced in relation to the intestines, lungs and bladder. In women, the critical organs are the mammary gland and lungs. In the process of carcinogenesis, both in one and the other case, other organs may be involved. At the same time, the likelihood of developing malignant tumors in the esophagus, rectum, pancreas and thyroid gland is low. These data are consistent with the results of other researchers, although data on the risk of oncopathology in health workers are very contradictory. The risk of developing tumors at a young age in both men and women is much higher. The data obtained imply the need for a properly organized medical examination in relation to the personel of the X-ray diagnostic departments of medical institutions of the republic.

CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC ASPECTS OF FIRE I NFLAMMATION INJURIES OF HOLLOW ABDOMINAL ORGANS (ATO / OOS EXPERIENCE)

Among the features of radiological diagnosis for the wounded with injuries of the gastrointestinal tract, we can point to a set of radiological methods of research, among which the leading place is occupied by X-ray contrast studies of the abdomen — vulnerography, fistulography, enterography, irigoscopy. The most important task of special methods of X-ray examination of gastrointestinal injuries, accompanied by the introduction of X-ray contrast agents, is the control of the postoperative period, radiological support during surgery and diagnosis of failure of sutures, anastomoses, intraperitoneal walls fistula, phlegmon of retroperitoneal tissue. Materials and methods. The results of retrospective analysis of radiological diagnostics of 76 (7.5 ± 1.6) % of wounded in the abdomen, waist, retroperitoneal space from the total mass of subjects (n = 1013 people), due to the mechanical and multifactorial nature of the lesion. Of these, 42 subjects with a predominant abdominal component of gastric injury injuries were in 6 cases out of 42 (14.3 %), 3 (7.1 %) cases of esophageal and duodenal injuries, small bowel injuries were observed in 12 cases (28, 6 %), colon damage in 14 cases (33.4 %) and rectal damage in 4 cases (9.5 %). All X-ray contrast studies of different parts of the digestive tract were performed with one-time double contrast and other methods in the X-ray diagnostic department of the clinic (radiation diagnostics and therapy) of the National Military Medical Clinical Center «GVKG» on modern X-ray machine expert class OPERA SWING. Discussion of results. There are no fundamental differences in the tactics of radiation control of injuries (TCU) of the gastrointestinal tract in abdominal injuries. However, in the preoperative period of urgent radiological diagnosis of damage to the esophagus, stomach, small, colon, and other parts of the colon, preference is given to non-contrast radiological examination of the abdomen (review radiography in direct projection standing / lying, lateroposition and lateral projection). In the future, the postoperative period of the wounded is accompanied by the widespread use of X-ray contrast studies of internal organs with gastrointestinal damage for radiation support during surgery and diagnosis of complications in the early and late postoperative periods. Conclusions. Given the multiple and combined nature of gunshot and non-gunshot injuries to the abdomen, lower back, retroperitoneal space in the wounded with injuries of the esophagus, stomach, small, colon and other parts of the colon, immediate radiological diagnosis should be provided to all wounded. preoperative period to address the clinical and diagnostic problem of emergencies. Since the natural X-ray contrast of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space is very low, and damaged hollow organs increase pneumatization of the gastrointestinal tract, the use of artificial contrast (barium mixture, iodine-containing water-soluble X-ray contrast agents) significantly increases the diagnostic value. The use of special methods of X-ray examination with artificial contrast in the postoperative period is determined by the condition of the wounded and the specific clinical situation.

Determination of Diagnostic Reference Levels for Chest Examination for Windhoek, Namibia

The widespread use of X-ray examination has improved lives worldwide and this evolution of imaging has also resulted in a significant increase in the population’s exposure to ionizing radiation. This exposure can be minimised by the setting up Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). DRLs are exposure level that serve as guide for standard regions of interest and are recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency for member states to apply within the context of the national legislation. Namibia Radiation Protection and Waste Disposal Regulations also mandate the National Radiation Protection Authority to determine guidance levels as a condition of a license. Management of patient dose and determination of DRLs are important part of quality control programsin X-ray diagnostic departments as it forms an efficient and powerful standard for minimising radiation dosage to patients. Since Namibia has not yet established DRLs, the aim of this study was to develop DRLs for posterior anterior (PA) chest examinationin Windhoek, Namibia. Quality control tests were done on the X-ray machines using a Xi-Unfors radiation meter. Entrance skin doses (ESDs) were obtained from 120 patients that were referred for chest examination at the six selected facilities in Windhoek. The following parameters were measured: kilovoltage peak (kVp), milliampere seconds (mAs), the focus to bucky distance (FBD) and focus to surface distance (FSD). The ESDs were then calculated. The average ESD was found to be 0.47 mGy, ranging from 0.14 to 1.3 mGy. The study provided baseline information on ESD’s for PA chest radiography. The ESD’s in this study was above the ESD’s recommended by the IAEA which is 0.2mGy. This was attributed to the use of high kVp and mAs and a short FBD at some facilities. The results of this study, with more data expected to be collected by the National Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) will provide a useful baseline to establish Namibia’s DRLs.

Role of an anesthesiologist in pediatric X-ray diagnostics

Purpose: analysis of modern data devoted to the issue of stress-free and safe magnetic resonance imaging in children using both non-drug methods and different agents for anesthesia along with their delivery systems.Discussion. It is difficult to complete MRI in younger children due to some reasons and possible development of stress. The technique often requires the presence of an anesthesiologist, especially if patients present with neurological pathology. The article describes how to deal with this problem to ensure safety and comfort during the procedure at the X-ray diagnostic department.Conclusions: a broad spectrum of non-drug methods is available and successfully used today. Different types of sedation and anesthesia ensure safety and comfort of a patient who undergoes an examination at the X-ray diagnostic department.

RADIATION SAFETY OF THE PERSONNEL OF MEDICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS (1945-2016)

In this article, the historical analysis of the application of ionizing radiation sources in medicine and industry from the early stages of the development of radiation technology to the present day is shown. A retrospective (1945-1960) assessment of the personnel radiation doses in the X-ray diagnostic department (the use of open and closed X-ray tubes) and of the personnel of flaw detection laboratories (using collet grips and non-standard flaw detectors) showed a significant exceeding of the permissible values existing at that period of time. For the time present the existing system for the protection of personnel in medical and industrial establishments is shown to meet modern requirements, and the exposure levels are well below the permissible values established by RSB (Radiation Safety Norms)-99/2009. In intervention methods of research problems of further improvement of the personnel safety system are shown to exist, first of all, the development of technical solutions for the protection of the lens is required.

Use of CR roentgenography in X-ray diagnostic departments of primary treatment-and-prophylaxis institutions

The goal of this work was to describe the first domestic experience in clinical application of digital stimulated-luminophore roentgenography (CR roentgenography) in X-ray diagnostic departments of out-patient hospitals and polyclinics. Recommendations for selection of the exposure table and physicotechnical settings of roentgenography are given.

A textbook of X-ray diagnosis. Vol. IV. Edited by S. Cochrane Shanks, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London; and PETER KERLEY, C.V.O., C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-ray Department, Westminster Hospital, London. Third edition. 9¾ × 7 in. Pp. 714 + xvi, with 735 illustrations. 1959. London: H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd.

Journal Article A textbook of X-ray diagnosis. Vol. IV. Edited by S. Cochrane Shanks, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London; and PETER KERLEY, C.V.O., C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-ray Department, Westminster Hospital, London. Third edition. 9¾ × 7 in. Pp. 714 + xvi, with 735 illustrations. 1959. London: H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. IIos Get access A textbook of X-ray diagnosis. Vol. IV. Edited by S Cochrane Shanks, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London; and Peter Kerley, C.V.O., C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-ray Department, Westminster Hospital, London. Third edition. 9¾ × 7 in. Pp. 714 + xvi, with 735 illustrations. 1959. London: H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. IIos British Journal of Surgery, Volume 47, Issue 203, November 1959, Page 334, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18004720341 Published: 06 December 2005

A text-book of X-ray diagnosis. By British Authors, in three volumes. Edited by S. Cochrane Shanks, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London; and Peter Kerley, C.V.O., C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-ray Department, Westminster Hospital; Radiologist, Royal Chest Hospital. Third edition. 10 × 7 5/8 in. Pp. 521 + xiv, with 533 illustrations. 1957.

A text-book of X-ray diagnosis. By British Authors, in three volumes. Edited by S. Cochrane Shanks, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London; and Peter Kerley, C.V.O., C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-ray Department, Westminster Hospital; Radiologist, Royal Chest Hospital. Third edition. 10 × 7 5/8 in. Pp. 521 + xiv, with 533 illustrations. 1957.

A text-book of x-ray diagnosis. By British Authors. In four Volumes. Edited by S. Cochrane Shanks, M.D., F.R.C.A., F.F.R., Director, X-ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London, and Peter Kerley, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-ray Department, Westminster Hospital; Radiologist, Royal Chest Hospital, London. Second edition. 6⅜ × 9¼ in. Vol. I. Pp. 434 + xiv, with 439 illustrations. Vol.

A text-book of x-ray diagnosis. By British Authors. In four Volumes. Edited by S. Cochrane Shanks, M.D., F.R.C.A., F.F.R., Director, X-ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London, and Peter Kerley, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-ray Department, Westminster Hospital; Radiologist, Royal Chest Hospital, London. Second edition. 6⅜ × 9¼ in. Vol. I. Pp. 434 + xiv, with 439 illustrations. Vol.

Problems with film processing in medical X-ray imaging in Lithuania

Optimisation in X-ray imaging in order to reduce patient doses during diagnostic X-ray examinations is a complex process given the high level of image quality required. When quality systems are implemented as a basis for optimisation, attention should be paid to the qualifications of the staff and quality control of the equipment and of the X-ray imaging procedures, as well as to the methods used to evaluate the quality of these procedures. Until recently, quality control procedures at health care institutions in Lithuania were limited to the testing of X-ray units. Since film processing is one of the most important factors influencing patient doses and image quality during X-ray examinations, in 2003 the Kaunas department of the Radiation Protection Centre organised inspections of film processing laboratories in 11 health care institutions-hospitals and outpatient departments-in the Kaunas region. Problems of non-compliance with requirements identified during these inspections are discussed in this paper. Most of the health care institutions inspected already had quality assurance programmes. However, the implementation of these programmes was sometimes erratic because of the insufficient attention paid to the film developing processes. The worst situation was found in 4 institutions where the films were developed manually. Only 3 of the 11 departments inspected had sensitometers and densitometers for quality control of the processing. In many cases there was no control of chemicals, film sensitivity and density, or else control was irregular. In only a few departments were the effects of repeated controls investigated and discussed. Despite the current problems occurring in medical X-ray diagnostic departments in Lithuania, the situation is rapidly improving. New equipment is being installed, new devices for quality control are being used and, last but not least, the view of hospital administrators, radiologists and laboratory workers towards quality assurance and quality control is changing.

Quality assurance of equipment in x-ray diagnostic departments

Quality assurance of equipment in x-ray diagnostic departments

Design of new diagnostic x-ray departments--protection aspects.

The requirements of radiation protection for X-ray diagnostic departments should be included in the considerations of siting and layout of the whole department. The layout of the individual X-ray rooms and the material from which they are constructed have a considerable bearing upon the additional shielding which is necessary, but attention to detail can improve ease of working and reduce capital outlay while still maintaining a very high standard of protection. The incorporation of “beam stoppers” into X-ray equipment could considerably reduce shielding problems.

A Text-Book of X-Ray Diagnosis by BritishA Text-Book of X-Ray Diagnosis by British AUTHORS. In Four Volumes. VOLUME IV: The JointsBones, and TissuesSoft. Edited by Cochrane ShanksS., C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P.,F.F.R., Director, X-Ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London, andKerleyPeter, C.V.O., C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-Ray Department, Westminister Hospital; Radiologist, National Heart Hospital, London. A volume of 714 pages,

A Text-Book of X-Ray Diagnosis by BritishA Text-Book of X-Ray Diagnosis by British AUTHORS. In Four Volumes. VOLUME IV: The JointsBones, and TissuesSoft. Edited by Cochrane ShanksS., C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P.,F.F.R., Director, X-Ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London, andKerleyPeter, C.V.O., C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-Ray Department, Westminister Hospital; Radiologist, National Heart Hospital, London. A volume of 714 pages,

Books Received

HomeRadiologyVol. 73, No. 5 PreviousNext Announcements and Book ReviewsBooks ReceivedPublished Online:Nov 1 1959https://doi.org/10.1148/73.5.792bMoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In AbstractBooks received are acknowledged under this heading, and such notice may be regarded as recognition of the courtesy of the sender. Reviews will be published in the interest of our readers and as space permits.The Mediastinum. By Ted F. Leigh, M.D., Professor of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Director of the Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, Member of the Section of Radiology, Emory University Clinic, Atlanta, Ga., AND H. STEPHEN WEENS, M.D., Professor of Radiology and Chairman of the Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Director of the Department of Radiology, Grady Memorial Hospital, Chief of the Section of Radiology, Emory University Clinic, Atlanta, Ga. A volume of 246 pages, with 290 figures. Published by Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill., 1959. Price $11.50.Disorders of the Temporomandibular Joint: Diagnosis, Management, Relation to Occlusion of Teeth. By Laszlo Schwartz, D.D.S., Clinical Professor of Dentistry, Columbia University; Director, Temporomandibular Joint Clinic, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, and 18 contributors. Introduction by Charles Ragan, M.D., Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University. Foreword by Harry Sicher, M.D., D.Sc, Professor of Anatomy, Loyola University School of Dentistry, Chicago. Illustrated by Robert J. Demarest. A volume of 472 pages, with 458 illustrations on 168 figures. Published by W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Penna., 1959. Price $15 00.Diagnostic Radioisotopes. By Charles A Owen, Jr., M.D., Ph.D. (Med.), Section of Clinical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, and Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology, Mayo Foundation Graduate School, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minn. A volume of 426 pages, with 71 figures, 49 tables, and 1 nomogram. Published by Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill., 1959. Price $15.75.A Text-Book of X-Ray Diagnosis by British Authors. In Four Volumes. Volume IV: The Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissues. Edited by S. Cochrane Shanks, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-Ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London, and Peter Kerley, C.V.O., C.B.E., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-Ray Department, Westminster Hospital; Radiologist, National Heart Hospital, London. A volume of 714 pages, with 735 illustrations. Published by W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Penna., 3d ed., 1959. Price $21.00.Roentgens, Rads, and Riddles. A Symposium on Supervoltage Radiation Therapy Held at the Medical Division, Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, July 15, 16, 17, and 18, 1956. Edited by Milton Friedman, M.D., Marshall Brucer, M.D., and Elizabeth Anderson, Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U. S. Atomic Energy Division. A volume of 496 pages, with figures and tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C, 1959. Price $3.50.Article HistoryPublished in print: Nov 1959 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Vol. 73, No. 5 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

The value of the lateral view of the rectosigmoid

Summary Four cases of carcinoma of the rectosigmoid are described in which the growth was shown only on the lateral film. In none was the growth palpable per rectum. In two the growth was not visible at the first sigmoidoscopy, though in one of these it was seen at a second sigmoidoscopy under an˦sthesia. One case is described illustrating an external pressure defect in the sigmoid, seen only on the lateral film. The radiographs of 100 consecutive barium enemas were analysed to determine the relative value of the lateral and oblique views of the rectosigmoid. It was concluded that both lateral and right anterior oblique views of the rectosigmoid should be obtained at every barium enema examination, and that the left anterior oblique view need be obtained only if at fluoroscopy it seems that it might be of value. Our thanks are due to the members of the staff of The Middlesex Hospital for permission to refer to patients under their care, and especially to Mr. O. V. Lloyd-Davies for information and advice in the preparation of this paper. We are grateful, also, to Sir Harold Graham Hodgson, Director of the X-ray Diagnostic Department, for facilities.

A Text-book of X-Ray DiagnosisA Text-book of X-Ray Diagnosis. By British Authors. In four volumes. Edited by ShanksS. Cochrane, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-Ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London, and KerleyPeter, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-Ray Department, Westminster Hospital; Radiologist, Royal Chest Hospital, London. Vol. I. The Head and Neck. A volume of 434 pages, with 439 illustrations.

A Text-book of X-Ray DiagnosisA Text-book of X-Ray Diagnosis. By British Authors. In four volumes. Edited by ShanksS. Cochrane, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-Ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London, and KerleyPeter, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-Ray Department, Westminster Hospital; Radiologist, Royal Chest Hospital, London. Vol. I. The Head and Neck. A volume of 434 pages, with 439 illustrations.

A Text-Book of X-Ray DiagnosisA Text-Book of X-Ray Diagnosis. By British Authors. In four volumes. Edited by ShanksS. Cochrane, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-Ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London, and KerleyPeter, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-Ray Department, Westminster Hospital; Radiologist, Royal Chest Hospital, London. Vol. III. The Abdomen. A volume of 830 pages, with 694 illustrations. Price $18.00.

A Text-Book of X-Ray Diagnosis<scp>A Text-Book of X-Ray Diagnosis</scp>. By British Authors. In four volumes. Edited by ShanksS. Cochrane, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., Director, X-Ray Diagnostic Department, University College Hospital, London, and KerleyPeter, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E., Director, X-Ray Department, Westminster Hospital; Radiologist, Royal Chest Hospital, London. Vol. III. The Abdomen. A volume of 830 pages, with 694 illustrations. Price $18.00.

A Clerical Method for Use in X-ray Diagnostic Departments

A number of recording systems, for use in X-ray diagnostic departments, are mentioned. One of these is described in detail, because it has been found in practice to be a reliable and speedy method, and to require a minimum of staff to operate it. Additional reasons for publication are given.