Written Research Articles

Diana Lemberg. Barriers Down: How American Power and Free-Flow Policies Shaped Global Media. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. 304 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-18217-1, $26.00 (paper); ISBN 978-0-231-18216-4, $60.00 (cloth); ISBN 978-0-231-54403-0, $25.99 (e-book).

Diana Lemberg. Barriers Down: How American Power and Free-Flow Policies Shaped Global Media. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. 304 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-18217-1, $25.99 (e-book). - Volume 22 Issue 2

A comparative study of instrumented vs non instrumented anterior cervical interbody fusion

Introduction: Anterior cervical decompression along with inter-body fusion is widely accepted and gained popularity amongst the spine specialty for managing variety of diseases, which can be categorised as under degenerative disc disease, traumatic conditions, tuberculosis, tumours and miscellaneous. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 20 cases of anterior cervical interbody fusions done in our Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, between June 2018 to August 2020 with a follow-up period of 6 months.A detailed history and clinical examination was done according to a specified performa. Radiographs, MRI and other relevant investigations were done. A detailed neurocharting was maintained on admission, post-op, weekly thereafter for 2 weeks and monthly thereafter was done. A written informed consent in the language known to the patient was taken after explaining the details of the surgery and the risks of complications, morbidity and mortality associated with the same. Results: In our study, 90% of the patients went onto have a solid fusion at the end while the remaining 10% had a doubtful fusion as the radiological signs of fusion were not seen at one year of follow up even though clinical outcome was good. 70% of the patients who were subjected to plating (instrumented) showed early fusion in the follow up when compared to non-instrumented at the end of 6 months. Almost all the patients with degenerative disease had fairly good to excellent clinical outcomes post surgery. Conclusion: Anterior cervical plating helps achieve fusion faster when compared with non-instrumented fusion, with decreased need and period of external immobilization. Keywords: ACDF, Instrumented, Cervical spine, Discectomy.

Various Corrective Feedback Types in Collaborative vs. Individual Writing Conditions

One of the important issues in EFL instruction is the idea of eliminating students’ linguistic errors through providing corrective feedback (CF). Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of various CF types (i.e., comprehensive, selective, and no feedback) on advanced EFL learners’ writing in different writing conditions (i.e., individual & collaborative). 132 EFL advanced learners aged from 14-20 were considered as the main participants. Learners were divided into 6 groups (i.e., three individual and three collaborative writing conditions). Furthermore, each writing condition included three groups with selective, comprehensive and no correction orientations. Data collection tools and procedures encompassed an institutionalized Placement Test, pre-test, and post-test. The treatment that lasted for nine sessions was followed by a post-test. Data was submitted to a series of ANOVA tests with follow up pair-wise comparisons and independent-samples t-tests. Findings indicated that: (1) CF, especially selective one, was more effective in enhancing learners’ writing accuracy, and (2) members of the collaborative writing groups outperformed those in the individual ones in terms of their writing accuracy development. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed in relation to enhancing writing accuracy of the learners.

Developing Problem-Posing Education Through Project-Based Learning in an English Writing Course

Developing Problem-Posing Education Through Project-Based Learning in an English Writing Course

Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) Method: Improving Student Descriptions Writing Skills in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

Writing descriptions is a skill that has been taught in grade VI elementary schools such as MIN 6 Cilacap. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) method in students' writing learning. To answer the stated objectives, the research method used was pre-experiment using one class as the sample. The number of research samples was 40 students consisting of 21 male students and 19 female students. To see the effectiveness of the method in learning, researchers used the pre-test as a first step to measure students' abilities then post-test after giving the treatment. The results showed a significant effect on the pre-test and post-test scores where the initial score was a mean of 65.3 and the final score was an average of 72.5. There was a good effect on the results of learning to write student descriptions because of any significant development in teaching. Thus, the CPR method is effective in students' writing learning

An Overview of Writing Rubrics in Doctoral Dissertations in Turkey

Writing rubrics have been used in doctoral dissertations in Turkey to assess student writing for nearly twenty years. This study aims to determine which features are assessed in the rubrics used in doctoral dissertations. Twenty-five rubrics were selected to determine the analysis of validity and reliability, rubric dimensions, features of criterion descriptions, and performance levels. The results showed that researchers did not attach much importance to the validity of rubrics, and some studies provided insufficient information about reliability. Rubrics typically have three and five performance levels. As a result of the content analysis based on the descriptions, nine categories (genre-oriented content, organization, style, presentation, mechanics, vocabulary, sentences, textuality, process) and 104 features were identified. The frequency of these features was 567. According to the emerging categorization in the present study, we observed that the rubrics used in doctoral dissertations were similar to the criteria in the 6 +1 Trait Writing Model. However, the descriptions were found to be more straightforward and concise. The features in the rubrics were similar to one another yet differed depending on the purpose, type, and length of descriptions. Some of the rubrics had descriptions that were ill-suited to the nature of the rubric. The results were discussed, presenting recommendations.

Analysis of Content Organizational Aspects in Korean Language Learners' Expository Writing

Analysis of Content Organizational Aspects in Korean Language Learners' Expository Writing

“Clarity-makers”. On the scholarly language of the Lviv-Warsaw School from the perspective of the idea of plain language (reconnaissance)

The article aims to present the tradition of the ‘clarity-makers’, i.e. members of the Lvov-Warsaw School, its methodological postulates and scientific style. In the first part, the author presents Kazimierz Twardowski as a teacher and refers to the problem of style clarity and ambiguity. In the second part, the author reconstructs the characteristics of the language and style of the School presented by Maria Rzeuska and confronts it with the recipes for the intelligibility of expressions formulated by Walery Pisarek. In the third part, the author presents the results of the textual analysis carried out to illustrate how the postulates of clarity and justification were reflected in the style of writings of selected LWS representatives. The preliminary results confirm that the representatives’ declared desire to clearly express their thoughts manifests in their texts. The presented results also seem to indicate the need to revise various quantitative observations on the scientific style based on larger samples.

Confusing German Eszett (ẞ; ß) with Greek beta (β) in Biomedical Writing

Confusing German Eszett (ẞ; ß) with Greek beta (β) in Biomedical Writing

The Effectiveness of Scaffolding as a Teaching Strategy in Enhancing English Language Learners’ Motivation in Writing: A Case Study

In light of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which entails scaffolding instruction as a teaching strategy and employs a task-based approach as a method, this study tests the effectiveness of scaffolding instruction in enhancing writing motivation for 25 English-language learners. The participants in this study were of the same age and similar educational backgrounds. The learners were given a questionnaire to determine their main struggles in writing, then assigned three tasks based on directed writing, to be completed in pairs under the instructor’s supervision and guidance, and finally asked to reflect on their experiences. Most of the participants found asymmetrical and symmetrical scaffolding strategies supportive toward accomplishing the assigned tasks. Nearly all of them reported a positive attitude towards the scaffolded tasks with a focus on meaning, which increased their active engagement and motivation. The results also reveal the importance of the collaborative formative assessment in maximizing learning opportunities

Function Words as Markers of Translationese: A Corpus-based Approach to Mental Translation in Second Language Writing

Function Words as Markers of Translationese: A Corpus-based Approach to Mental Translation in Second Language Writing

An In-Depth Analysis of Errors in L2 Writing: The Effects of Task Complexity and Task Closure

An In-Depth Analysis of Errors in L2 Writing: The Effects of Task Complexity and Task Closure

Müller (ed.), Scotland and Arbroath 1320–2020. 700 years of Fighting for Freedom, Sovereignty, and Independence

The forty-third volume in the Scottish Studies International series published by the Scottish Studies Centre at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat in Mainz, Germany, has been brought out to commemorate the 700 SP th sp anniversary of the Declaration of Arbroath Alasdair Allan, the only elected politician in the volume, reflects interestingly on the ways that the Declaration has been used both by the SNP and others in the constitutional debates of the last thirty years Public celebration of the 700 SP th sp anniversary of the Declaration on the 6 SP th sp April 2020 had to be abandoned because of the Covid-19 pandemic, and, although the National Records of Scotland hope that the public exhibition of the document can be rescheduled, there is no doubt that the anniversary has been a far more muted affair than it would otherwise have been [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Scottish Historical Review is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )

Transforming Ethos: Place and the Material in Rhetoric and Writing

Transforming Ethos: Place and the Material in Rhetoric and Writing

Spell corrector for Bangla language using Norvig’s Algorithm and Jaro-Winkler distance

In the Online World, especially in the social media platform most of us write without much regard to correct spelling and grammar. The spelling mistakes are much larger in proportion when it comes to Bangla language. In our paper, we presented a method for error detection and correction in Bangla words' spellings. Our system could detect a misspelled Bangla word and provide two following services- suggesting correct spellings for the word and correcting the word. We had used Norvig's Algorithm for the purpose but instead of using probabilities of the words to prepare the suggestions and corrections, we had used Jaro-Winkler distance. The previous works done in this field for Bangla language are either very slow or offers less accuracy. Our system successfully achieved a 97% accuracy when evaluated with 1000 Bangla words.

A Study on Analysis of Genre Knowledge Education Content in Korean Writing Textbooks

A Study on Analysis of Genre Knowledge Education Content in Korean Writing Textbooks

Multispecies Emergent Textualities: Writing and Reading in Ecologies of Selves

Multispecies Emergent Textualities: Writing and Reading in Ecologies of Selves

Takashi Imai, Genji-monogatari: Its Logic of Writing(2008)

Takashi Imai, Genji-monogatari: Its Logic of Writing(2008)

나혜석의 『구미여행기』와 새로운 글쓰기

남존여비의 유교이데올로기와 ‘文’의 의식이 여전히 강했던 식민지 시기 조선에서 신여성들은 극심한 편견, 비난 속에서 나혜석은 남성과 동등한 한 사람의 작가로서 혹은 화가로서 자신의 삶의 영역을 구축해갔다. 이 과정에 대한 세밀한 고찰은 한 편으로는 식민지 시기 조선 신여성의 의식의 실체와 식민지 조선이 경험한 근대의 실체를 밝혀가는 것이면서 또 한 편으로는 한 인간이 어떻게 편견과 무지에 맞서 인간의 존엄성을 확보해 가는가를 살펴보는 과정이기도 하다. 이 과정에서 일본 신여성 요사노 아키코(擧謝野晶子)의 파리 체험에 대한 비교 고찰은 필수적이다. 나혜석과 요사노 아키코는 제각각 조선과 일본 신여성 1세대를 대표하는 인물로서, 작가로서 다수 작품을 발표하였고 두 사람 모두 당시 신여성으로서는 드물게 파리에서 체류한 경험이 있다. 이와 같은 공통점 이외 본 연구에서 조선 신여성 나혜석의 의식을 고찰하기 위해 요사노 아키코를 비교 대상으로 설정한 또 하나의 중요한 이유가 있다. 나혜석이 자신의 글에서 논문과 시 창작에 매진했던 요사노 아키코를 자신의 롤 모델로서 언급하고 있기 때문이다. 이와 같은 상황에 근거하여 본 연구에서는 나혜석의 『구미여행기』를 중심으로 나혜석으로 상징되는 조선 신여성의 의식의 제 특징을 고찰하고 있다.

Hubungan antara penguasaan literasi sastra dan minat belajar dengan kemampuan menulis cerita anak pada peserta didik kelas iv sekolah dasar

<p class="Abstract"><em>This study aims to determine (1) whether there is a relationship between mastery</em><em> of literary literacy and wri</em><em>te children’s s</em><em>tory; 2) the relationship of </em><em>interest to learn with the</em><em> ability to write </em><em>children’s story; (3) the relationship between</em><em> mastery </em><em>literary literacy and </em><em>interst to learn with the ability to write </em><em>children’s story. The method used is the </em><em>survey correlational method. The sample is </em><em>4 elementary schools, totaling </em><em>112 students. Data collection using tests and questionnaires. The ability to writ</em><em>e children story is used in the form of a composing test instrument, an instrument of </em><em>interest to learn used in the form of a questionnaire, mastering</em><em> literary literacy of data variables obtained with choice test. Data were analyzed using</em><em> simple correlation and multiple correlation analysis. The results showed that (1) there was a significant relationship between </em><em>literary literacy mastery with the ability to write </em><em>children storyr rcount (</em><em>0,98)> rtable (</em><em>0,192), the correlation coefficient tested by t test, the results of tcount (</em><em>65,08)> ttable (1.</em><em>98); (2) there is significant the relationship between </em><em>interest to learn and</em><em> write children story ability price r count (</em><em>0,99)> r table (</em><em>0,185), the correlation coefficient is tested by t test, the </em><em>ttcount (</em><em>65.0</em><em>8)> Table (1.</em><em>98); (3) there is a significant correlation between </em><em>literary literacy and</em><em> interest to learn together with the ability to write narration. ry (1,2) equal to 0.9</em><em>7, the coefficient of significance with the F test obtained F count = </em><em>27517.35, the real level á = 0, 05, with df </em><em>109 obtained Ftable = 3.</em><em>08 then Fcount> Ftable. Thus, it can be concluded that mastery of</em><em> literacy and </em><em>interest of learn has significant relationship with students' ability to write </em><em>children story.</em></p>