Wrinkle-resistant Properties Research Articles

Preparation, Structure and Properties of ε–Polylysine Grafted Silk Fabric with Laccase

Silk fabric was treated with laccase and then grafted by εpolylysine (εPLL). The optimal enzymatic reaction condition was investigated through the change of dissolved oxygen concentration during the enzymatic reaction. The results of amino acid analysis and SEM of finished silk fabrics indicated that the εPLL was grafted onto silk fabrics. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the thermal stability performance of the finished fabric was slightly improved. The crease resistance of the finished silk increased, especially the wet wrinkle resistance property of the finished silk fabric was significantly improved. The gas permeability, strength and whiteness slightly decreased, which hardly impact the wearability of the fabric.

Some physical properties of resin-treated 100% light-weight plain knitted cotton fabric

100 % cotton light-weight plain knitted fabrics were treated with resin using different concentration by conventional pad-dry-cure method so as to influence their physical properties such as wrinkle-resistant, smoothness, dimensional properties and bursting strength. After resin treatment, the wrinkle-resistant property, smoothness and dimension stability of the four fabrics were consequently improved even after simulated domestic laundering process. The experimental results were reported and discussed thoroughly.

A Study on Process Parameters for Plasma Pre-Treatment of Cotton Fiber Prior to Titanium Dioxide Wrinkle-Resistant Treatment

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been found feasible to improve wrinkle resistant property of cotton fiber. In this study, the performance of TiO2 wrinkle resistant treatment was further enhanced by plasma pre-treatment compared with the conventional wet treatment. Different plasma pre-treatment process parameters (treatment speed, i.e. treatment time; oxygen flow rate; and jet-to-substrate distance) were used for determining the optimum conditions (of plasma pre-treatment) for the subsequent wrinkle resistant treatment with TiO2. The optimum conditions for plasma pre-treatment of cotton fabrics before TiO2 treatment were obtained through the orthogonal array testing strategy (OATS): 10mm/s treatment speed, 0.3L/min oxygen flow rate and 6mm jet-to-substrate distance. This was found to be the most effective combination of plasma pre-treatment conditions for improving wrinkle resistant property of cotton fiber. After plasma, if the cotton fiber was treated with 0.1% TiO2, the wrinkle resistant property was further enhanced. Based on the OATS analysis, not only the optimum conditions for plasma pre-treatment could be obtained, but the level of relative importance of the three process parameters could also be obtained.

Design of Lotus-Leaf-Like Decoration Materials

Lotus leaf structures shows shelf-cleaning properties of water-repellent, it’s convenient to clean, especially the interior decoration materials. Polyester sea-island ultra-fine fiber was chosen as raw materials, the crepe weave was used as the organization structure, and finally through water-repellent nano-coating finishing to form a Lotus leaf-like surface, then the water repellency, the anti-fouling performance and the anti-ultraviolet performance of lotus-leaf-like materials was tested and analyzed. The conclusions drawn are as follows: the water repellency, the anti-fouling performance and the anti-ultraviolet performance of lotus-leaf-like decoration materials was excellent, the UV transmission of the materials was only 2%, which was far below the International standard and at the same time the results shows that the materials had good wrinkle resistance property, it can improve the structure stability.

Design of Lotus-Leaf-Like Decoration Materials

Lotus leaf structures shows shelf-cleaning properties of water-repellent, it’s convenient to clean, especially the interior decoration materials. Polyester sea-island ultra-fine fiber was chosen as raw materials, the crepe weave was used as the organization structure, and finally through water-repellent nano-coating finishing to form a Lotus leaf-like surface, then the water repellency, the anti-fouling performance and the anti-ultraviolet performance of lotus-leaf-like materials was tested and analyzed. The conclusions drawn are as follows: the water repellency, the anti-fouling performance and the anti-ultraviolet performance of lotus-leaf-like decoration materials was excellent, the UV transmission of the materials was only 2%, which was far below the International standard and at the same time the results shows that the materials had good wrinkle resistance property, it can improve the structure stability.

Effect of plasma pretreatment on enhancing wrinkle resistant property of cotton fiber treated with BTCA and TiO2 System

Abstract1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) with titanium dioxide as a catalyst, was used to crosslink cotton fibers for the purpose of enhancing wrinkle recovery angle (WRA). To enhance the BTCA treatment with TiO2, surface modification of cotton fiber is required; atmospheric pressure plasma jet pretreatment was used in experiments reported in this article. In this study, optimum conditions for plasma pretreatment were analyzed using orthogonal array testing strategy (OATS) technique, on the basis of WRAs achieved after BTCA treatment with and without TiO2 as catalyst. It was found that (i) longer duration of plasma pretreatment provides enough time for the substrate to be impacted by the concentrated active species produced in plasma gas and therefore, modifies the material surface effectively and offers the best balance between enhancement of WRA and minimization of fiber damage, (ii) high oxygen flow rate producing a severe etching effect that alters the material's surface characteristics. However, when concentration of O2 increased during the plasma pretreatment, the active species might react with the oxygen also, besides the cotton surface, and (iii) when the distance between the plasma jet nozzle and the substrate surface is too large, plasma gas from the nozzle is unable to hit the fabric surface, which means no surface modification is achieved. As a result, plasma treatment with 2 mm/s treatment speed, 0.1 L/min oxygen flow rate, and 2 mm jet‐to‐substrate distance was the most effective plasma pretreatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Wrinkle-Resistant Property of Cotton Fabric Treated by Chitosan and Epoxy-Silicon Micro-Emulsion

Cotton fabric was treated by chitosan and epoxy-silicone finishing agents to improve its wrinkle-resistant property. The study showed that mixed finish by two agents can provide higher wrinkle-resistance than single finish when applied to the cotton fabrics due to their synergistic effect. In the wrinkle-resistant finishing process, four main factors (chitosan mass concentration, organosilicon volume concentration, baking temperature and baking time) influencing finish effect were discussed and then process conditions were determined. After optimum process treatment, the wrinkle-recovery angle of mixed finished cotton fabric increased evidently while its whiteness and breaking strength dropped a little. In addition, the addition of organosilicon can improve fabric softness. After washed for 30 times, delay wrinkle-recovery angle of mixed finished fabric was 54° higher than that of native fabric, and the treated cotton exhibited good washing resistance.

Effect of plasma pretreatment on the wrinkle-resistance properties of cotton fibers treated with a 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid-sodium hypophosulfite system with titanium dioxide as a cocatalyst

A 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA)–sodium hypophosulfite (SHP) wrinkle-resistance system played an important role in improving the wrinkle-resistance properties of cotton fibers. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used as a cocatalyst to further enhance the wrinkle-resistance properties of BTCA–SHP-treated cotton fabrics, that is, those treated with (1) 5% BTCA and 10% SHP; (2) 5% BTCA, 10% SHP, and 0.1% TiO2; and (3) 5% BTCA, 10% SHP, and 0.2% TiO2. In addition, the effect of plasma as a pretreatment process on the wrinkle-resistance properties of the three treatment systems was also studied. The experimental results reveal that the wrinkle-resistance properties of cotton fibers were improved after different wrinkle-resistance treatments. In addition, the plasma pretreatment further enhanced the wrinkle-resistance treatments to different extents, depending on the process parameters. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that such plasma pretreatment conditions imparted the best crosslinking effect on the cotton fibers. However, the wrinkle-resistance-treated cotton specimens had lower tensile strength and tearing strength values compared to the control sample, whereas the plasma pretreatment and cocatalyst may have compensated for the reduction in the mechanical strength caused by the wrinkle-resistance agents. In this article, the optimum conditions for the plasma pretreatment on the basis of the result of the wrinkle-recovery angle were analyzed with an L9(3)3 orthogonal array testing strategy technique. The results showed that plasma treatment conditions with (1) a 10 mm/s speed, (2) a 0.1 L/min oxygen flow rate, and (3) a 4-mm jet-to-substrate distance together caused a significant improvement in the wrinkle-resistance properties of the cotton fibers treated with the three different BTCA treatments. Moreover, the treatment speed was the dominant factor, followed by jet-to-substrate distance and oxygen flow rate, in affecting the extent of improvement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Effect of concentration of titanium dioxide acting as catalyst or co-catalyst on the wrinkle-resistant finishing of cotton fabric

The wrinkle-resistant property of cotton specimens treated by 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and catalysed by sodium hypophosphite (SHP) in the presence of TiO2 or nano-TiO2 has been evaluated in the present study. In this study, Scanning Electron Microscopy proved the presence of TiO2 or nano-TiO2 on the fibre surface. It was also found that 0.1–0.2 % TiO2 or nano-TiO2 was the optimum concentration to enhance the wrinkle-resistance of BTCA-SHP-treated cotton fabrics. In addition, the TiO2 or nano-TiO2 added in the wrinkle-resistant treatment could act as a multi-functional finishing agent to improve the UV protection property while they are safe to human skin as proved by the cytotoxicity test. Therefore, TiO2 or nano-TiO2 was evident that they could enhance the finishing performance and minimise the side effect.

Studies on Anti-wrinkle Properties of Silk Fabrics Dyed with Reactive and Crosslinking Dyes

The anti-wrinkle properties of silk fabrics dyed with four reactive dyes and three crosslinking dyes were investigated. Compared with the undyed silk fabrics, the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of silk fabrics dyed with C.I. Reactive Red 195 and C.I. Reactive Red 141 was increased by 14.9—15.3% when the dye concentration was 0.67 g/L. With the same concentration of synthesized crosslinking dyes PAD1, PAD2 and PAD3, the WRA of dyed silk fabrics was increased by 17.9— 21.3% with high dye reactivity. The anti-wrinkle properties of silk fabrics dyed with the crosslinking dyes were as good as those finished with 1,2,3,4-butaneteracarboxylic acid. Moreover, the anti-wrinkle properties of silk fabrics were improved with the increase of the crosslinking dyes and crosslinker XLC concentration, and the handle of these silk fabrics was still satisfactory. The increment ratio of the WRA of the silk fabrics dyed with crosslinking dyes was about the same as those finished with glyoxal or epoxide EPSIB. It may be concluded that these crosslinking dyes could lead to not only high dye fixation, but also excellent wrinkle-resistant properties of silk fabrics; in addition, it is feasible to dye and finish silk fabrics with crosslinking dyes simultaneously as demonstrated in this study.

Innovative Dual Antimicrobial & Anticrease Finishing of Cotton Fabric

Quaternary chitosan “Q. chitosan” was prepared by the reacting chitosan with an ionic reactive oligomer “IRO” and analyzed to ensure the Q. chitosan production. Q. chitosan was incorporated in a cross-linking formulation containing glyoxal as a cross-linking agent and MgCl2·6H2O as a catalyst. This formulation was applied under different conditions to cotton fabric according to the pad-dry-cure method with a view to induce permanent dual antimicrobial and anticrease finishing. The extent of the interaction of Q. chitosan with cotton fabric, expressed as %N, in presence and absence of glyoxal was studied. Fabrics so finished were monitored for antimicrobial wrinkle resistance, tensile strength and whiteness properties as well as durability of the finish for the excessive washings. Results obtained disclose that (a) the Q. chitosan finish is attached to the cotton cellulose through chemical bonding as well as physical forces, (b) that the extent of the interaction is only significant at a curing temperature of 160°C and above, (c) that increasing the Q. chitosan concentration acts in favor of the extent of the interaction and (d) yellowing occurs after finishing particularly under longer time of curing. The results also disclose that cotton treated with Q. chitosan at a concentration of 1.5% on weight of fabric showed 100% of bacterial reduction. The activity was maintained over 95% even after being exposed to 10 consecutive home laundering conditions. It was also found that the antibacterial activity of quaternized chitosan against Staphylococcus aureus is stronger than that of chitosan.

Properties of silk fibers modified with diethylene glycol dimethacrylate

AbstractA self‐prepared novel bifunctional vinyl monomer diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA‐2) was graft copolymerized onto silk fibers initiated by potassium persulfate (KPS). The moisture regain and fiber fineness of grafted silk fibers increased linearly with graft yield. The enhancement of hygroscopicity can improve the comfort of silk fabrics. The grafting conditions caused a partial degradation of the tensile strength of silk fibers, as well as the whiteness. Elongation at break increased and initial modulus decreased, which indicated that the rigidity of silk fibers declined. Stress relaxation behavior shows that grafted silk fibers have better viscoelasticity than control silk fibers. Wrinkle recovery angle tests showed that grafted silk fabrics had better wrinkle resistance property. Laundering durability test showed that with increasing graft yield, the damage to the silk fibers during laundering decreased obviously. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 424–428, 2006

Wrinkle resistant properties and antibacterial efficacy of cotton fabrics treated with glyoxal system and with combination of glyoxal and chitosan system

AbstractThis study examined the possibility of using glyoxal and chitosan in one‐step finishing to impart both durable press performance and antibacterial efficacy on cotton fabrics. Glyoxal treatment provided good wrinkle resistant property and fair antibacterial activity on the finished fabrics, but the loss of breaking strength retention of the finished fabrics was a main problem of this treatment. Chitosan added in the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system also provided comparable results in wrinkle resistant and antibacterial properties on the finished fabrics as the glyoxal did. The advantage of chitosan in the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system was the improvement of the breaking strength retention of the finished fabrics without affecting the durable press property of the finished fabrics. However, the yellowing of the finished fabric was still a problem when the finished fabrics were treated with the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1372–1377, 2006

Molecular modeling of cellulose in amorphous state part II: effects of rigid and flexible crosslinks on cellulose

It is essential to understand the molecular level response of crosslinked cellulose chain segments upon deformation, in order to develop new agents which convey high durable-press (DP) rating to cellulose fibers with minimal strength loss. In this work models of amorphous cellulose crosslinked with both rigid and flexible crosslinks were constructed computationally for this purpose. Rigid crosslinks bound cellulose molecular segments together and blocked the chain slippage, providing cellulose models with a higher initial modulus and better elastic response. However, the loss of the chain slippage led to stress being distributed unevenly among cellulose chains. Chains in some regions were subjected higher stress and these regions were opened up much more than the rest of the cellulose, which presumably caused models to fail. When conformationally flexible crosslinks were used, breaking strain of cellulose was not significantly reduced but deformation recovery was not improved either, in comparison with the models of untreated cellulose. Conformational transitions were observed in the flexible crosslinks during extension. These results help to explain how and why rigid crosslinks work to provide wrinkle resistant properties and why they also lower tensile strength, and that just using a conformationally flexible crosslinking will not provide any recovery.

Effect of Mercerization on the Crosslinking of Ramie Fabric Using 1,2,3,4- Butanetetracarboxylic Acid: Physical Properties and Crosslink Distribution

Ramie, tension-mercerized ramie, slack-mercerized ramie, and cotton fabrics are treated with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) to obtain wrinkle-resistant properties, and their physical properties are compared. Tension mercerization slightly enhances the loss of both tensile and tearing strengths of the crosslinked ramie fabric, while slack-mercerized crosslinked ramie fabric has severe mechanical strength loss mainly due to the destruction of fiber orientation during mercerization. Both the tension- and slack-mercerized crosslinked ramie fabrics show increased moisture and water retention, as well as a very rigid handle. Both tension and slack mercerization minimize surface migration of the crosslinking agent.

Dimensional and Surface Properties of Plasma and Silicone Treated Wool Fabric

To improve the dimensional properties of wool fabric, two kinds of silicone polymers are applied to plasma pretreated wool. With this treatment, hygral expansion increases slightly but still remains smaller than that of silicone treated wool without the plasma pretreatment. The wrinkle recovery angles of wool increase with the treatment, and the values of fabric treated with plasma and silicone polymers are higher than those with no plasma pretreatment. In addition, the harsher handle imparted by plasma modification is improved with silicone treatment. The results show that the plasma pretreatment modifies the cuticle surface of the wool fibers and increases the reactivity of the wool fabric toward silicone polymers. Therefore, the combination of plasma and silicone treatments can improve the dimensional stability, wrinkle resistance, and performance properties of the wool. Surface smoothness of the treated fabrics as measured with a new evaluation system shows good correspondence with results from a KES-FB4 surface tester.

Finishing Agents for Cotton from Acrylamide and Dialdehydes

Reaction products from acrylamide and glyoxal or glutaraldehyde have been used as finishing agents to give cotton wrinkle resistance and durable press properties. These reaction products serve as examples of adducts from aldehydes and an amide with an electron-withdrawing acyl group. The effectiveness of these products was less than that of conventional amide formaldehyde agents but about equal to that of presently available formaldehyde-free agents. The finish from acrylamide and glyoxal had greater resistance to acid than the most common formaldehyde-free finish. At its present stage of development, the experimental finish caused some discoloration and lacked chlorine resistance.

Crossliking Cotton in an Unheated Dehydrating Atmosphere

A new approach to the crosslinking of cotton was investigated. Finished fabrics with wrinkle resistance properties similar to those of damp cured fabrics were produced by treatments in which the curing operation takes place over an extended period of time in an unheated dehydrating atmosphere. The crosslinking reaction, which produces wrinkle resistance, is promoted by removal of water from the fabric by contact with dried air at room temperature. The in fluence of changes in various parameters of the treatment was explored. Dimethylol methyl carbamate, dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea, and formaldehyde were used as crosslinking agents with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid as catalysts. In dehydration curing, deswelling of the fiber during reaction is evidently slow and not as complete as in conventional curing at high temperature.

Cotton Stretch Fabrics by Slack Mercerization: Part II: Effects of Cross-Linking

The effects of cross-linking cotton stretch fabrics with dimethylol ethyleneurea have been studied. Results are similar to those obtained with ordinary cotton; that is, the stretch cloth, after cross-linking, has wash–wear and wrinkle resistance properties but loses in tearing and breaking strength. The amount of add-on governs strength loss, and in practical use it must be balanced against the degree of wash–wear improvement desired. Stretchability of the fabric is not greatly lowered by cross-linking. The effect of prolonged stretching on size and on shape, measured as growth, is reduced by cross-linking, but washing is essential for recovery. Under conditions of repeated stretching without washing, permanent set, immediate recovery, and delayed resiliency are affected very little by cross-linking.

Comparison of Wrinkle-Resistant Finishes for Cotton

A brief discussion is given on the mechanism by which wrinkle-resistant properties are imparted to cotton fabrics by the use of urea- and melamine-type resins. A summary of the chemistry of these products is given. The results of an extensive study of the application of urea, modified urea (ethylene urea), melamine. and modified melamine formaldehyde resins using ammonium, alkanolamine, and metallic inorganic salt ac celerators to cotton fabric are presented. The effect of variations in resin concentration, curing temperature, and time on the wrinkle recovery, tensile strength, tear strength, and discoloration of the treated fabric before and after washing is discussed. This work was designed and analyzed statistically to ensure an accurate and, authoritative presenta tion of the more important properties imparted to cotton fabrie for the systems studied. These data should enable a cotton fabric finisher to select the optimum resins and con ditions of application to obtain the wrinkle-resistant finish best suited for the specific fabric properties desired.