Use of all-suture soft anchors in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) has been shown to provide both biomechanical and functional advantages. However, predictors of clinical outcomes following RCR using all-suture anchors have not been well established. This study aimed to examine predictors of clinical outcomes following double-row suture bridge RCR using either all-suture or solid medial row anchors. We retrospectively identified patients at our institution who underwent arthroscopic RCR. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they underwent primary arthroscopic RCR using a double-row suture-bridge technique with either all-suture or solid medial row anchors, were between the ages of 18 and 85, and were at least 2 years postoperative. We collected demographic, clinical, and intraoperative data via electronic health record review. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated at follow-up using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Standardized Shoulder Assessment and visual analog scale (VAS). Proportions meeting Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS) thresholds for each were calculated. Within either anchor group, we used univariable linear and logistic regression to examine predictors of scores and meeting PASS thresholds at follow-up, respectively. In total, 352 patients completed follow-up (mean age = 60.3 ± 10.0 years; 61% male; mean follow-up time = 3.0 ± 0.8 years). Within the all-suture anchor group (n = 280), male sex (P = .04) and longer follow-up time (P < .01) were associated with improved ASES scores, higher odds of meeting the PASS cutoff for the ASES (P < .01), improved VAS scores (P = .01), and higher odds of meeting the PASS cutoff for the VAS (P = .02). Within the solid anchor group (n = 72), large tears were associated with worse ASES scores (P < .01), lower odds of meeting the PASS cutoff for the ASES (P = .02), and worse VAS scores (P < .01. Longer follow-up time was associated with higher odds of meeting the PASS cutoff for the VAS (P = .04). Following arthroscopic double-row suture-bridge RCR, longer follow-up time was associated with better patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in both anchor type groups. However, smaller tear size was associated with better PROs only within the solid anchor group, whereas male sex was associated with better PROs only within the all-suture anchor group.

To assess rates of medication use for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) over time following laser enucleation of the prostate (LEP) and to identify preoperative predictors of persistent use. We retrospectively analyzed 864 LEP patients from an institutional tertiary-care database (11/2017-05/2023) with available 24-month follow-up on medication use. Patient-reported use of five drug classes (alpha-blockers, 5-alpha-reductase (AR)-inhibitors, anticholinergics, beta-3-agonists, and phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5-inhibitors) was recorded preoperatively and at one, three, 12, and 24 months after the procedure. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify predictors of persistent LUTS medication use. Preoperatively, 84.9% of patients used LUTS medication, decreasing to 12.6% within 24 months of follow-up. Alphablocker (80.9%) and 5-AR-inhibitor (13.8%) use declined to 1.8% and 0%, respectively. Anticholinergic (4.6%) and beta-3-agonist (0.3%) use showed a transient postoperative increase with peaks of 10.9% and 1.0% at 3 months, followed by a decline to 2.7% and 0.4% at 24 months, respectively. PDE-5-inhibitor use (1.8%) increased steadily to 5.4% at 24 months. Patient with persistent use exhibited worse baseline QoL and ICIQ-SF scores and higher rates of adiposity, diabetes mellitus, and ASA score III/IV. In multivariable analysis, only preoperative PDE-5-inhibitor use (adjusted OR 3.26, p = 0.002) and ASA score III/IV (adjusted OR 2.08, p = 0.016) remained independently associated with persistent LUTS medication use. LUTS medication use decreased substantially after LEP, with only a small subset requiring continued medication at 24 months. Preoperative PDE-5-inhibitor use and higher comorbidity burden emerged as independent predictors of persistent LUTS medication use. These findings can refine preoperative counseling regarding postoperative LUTS medication dependence.

Patient-reported outcomes decline over time following arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and overweight/obesity (OW) are chronic conditions impairing health-related quality of life (HRQoL). While diabetes primarily affects psychosocial domains, OW impacts physical functioning and social stigma. Despite the increasing prevalence of OW among individuals with T1D, their combined effect on HRQoL has not been investigated. In this cross-sectional, multicentre study we evaluated HRQoL in 43 people with both T1D and OW (T1DOW), 40 people with T1D normal weight (T1DNW), 58 normal weight people without diabetes (NADNW) and 41 people with OW without diabetes (NADOW). All participants completed generic HRQoL questionnaires (WHO-5, SF-36). People with T1D additionally completed diabetes-specific tools (DDS, DES-SF and T1-DDAS). Adjusted multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of T1D and OW on HRQoL. T1D was associated with reduced well-being (WHO-5, p = 0.003), impaired general health perception (SF-36, p < 0.001) and lower social functioning (SF-36, p = 0.026). OW significantly worsened physical functioning (p < 0.001) and role limitations due to physical health (p = 0.036). Bodily pain was synergistically affected by both T1D (p = 0.043) and OW (p = 0.006), with people affected by both T1D and OW showing the worst score. Overall, T1DOW was associated with greater detrimental effects on WHO-5 and SF-36 outcomes compared to OW and T1D alone. Among people with T1D, OW selectively increased interpersonal distress (DDS, p = 0.020), while empowerment and T1D-specific distress were unaffected. T1D and OW exert distinct, partially overlapping effects on HRQoL. Their coexistence worsens body pain and interpersonal distress and emphasises the need for integrated strategies in managing 'double diabetes'.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake on respiratory function, quality of life, and psychological well-being in individuals exposed to post-earthquake environmental conditions.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 individuals participated in this study: 50 individuals who remained in the earthquake zone and were categorized as the Earthquake Victim Group (EVG), and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals from non-affected regions forming the Control Group (CG). Respiratory function was assessed using spirometry, while quality of life and psychological status were evaluated with the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was evaluated using the Exercise Provocation Test (EPT).RESULTS: Compared to the CG, the EVG exhibited significantly lower FVC and FEV1/FVC values (p&amp;lt;0.05), and significantly greater change in FEV1 after EPT (p&amp;lt;0.001), indicating increased airway sensitivity. The EVG also demonstrated significantly higher STAI, BDI, and PSQI scores (p&amp;lt;0.001), reflecting greater psychological distress and poorer sleep quality. NHP subdomains revealed significantly worse scores in pain, emotional well-being, and sleep among EVG participants (p&amp;lt;0.05). A moderate positive correlation was observed between the number of days spent in the earthquake zone and FEV1 change after EPT (r=0.374, p=0.007).CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to earthquake-related environmental and psychosocial conditions was associated with decreased respiratory function, elevated depression and anxiety levels, and reduced health-related quality of life. These findings underline the need for comprehensive rehabilitation strategies that address both respiratory and mental health in disaster-affected populations. Future studies with objective environmental exposure assessments are warranted.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Radial Translation and Functional Outcomes in Nonsurgical and Surgically Treated Distal Radius Fractures.

Sport-related head exposure characteristics (i.e., concussion history, sport contact classification, and total years of sport participation) are suggested to be associated with short-term and long-term health outcomes in competitive athletes. However, their relationship with intermediate health outcomes (specifically within 5 years of collegiate sport retirement) remains unknown. Therefore, we examined associations between sport-related head exposure characteristics and physical, mental, cognitive, and behavioral health measures among former collegiate athletes. Former collegiate athletes who completed a baseline evaluation between 2018 and 2021 and were evaluated within 5 years of collegiate graduation were included. Primary predictors included lifetime concussion history (0 [referent], 1-2, 3+), sport contact classification (unexposed [ref.], low, high), and total years of sport participation (continuous). Outcome measures collected included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), Neuro-Quality of Life cognitive domain (Neuro-QoL), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) symptom inventory, 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12), and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Twelve multivariable linear regression models with bootstrapping were constructed, with adjusted unstandardized beta coefficients (BAdj) and standard errors (SEs) estimated. Overall, 3,910 former collegiate student-athletes were examined; 48.6% were female, 73.0% attended a Division I school, 36.2% self-reported ≥1 lifetime diagnosed concussion, 38.1% participated in a high-exposure sport, and the median years since college graduation to assessment was 5.0. Independently, scores of BSI anxiety (BAdj = 1.24, SE = 0.36), BSI depression (BAdj = 0.88, SE = 0.37), global severity index [GSI] (BAdj = 2.66, SE = 0.91), PHQ-9 (BAdj = 1.34, SE = 0.40), PSQI (BAdj = 0.69, SE = 0.29), SCAT total symptom severity (BAdj = 5.14, SE = 1.31), and SF-12 mental composite score (BAdj = -3.39, SE = 0.83) were worse in athletes with 3+ concussions compared with athletes without a history of concussion. Athletes with 1-2 concussions vs no concussion history similarly had worse scores independently for BSI-18 GSI (BAdj = 0.88, SE = 0.35), anxiety (BAdj = 0.40, SE = 0.15), Neuro-QoL (BAdj = -0.97, SE = 0.36), PHQ-9 (BAdj = 0.77, SE = 0.19), PSQI (BAdj = 0.27, SE = 0.13), SCAT total symptom severity (BAdj = 2.13, SE = 0.55), and SF-12 mental composite score (BAdj = -1.80, SE = 0.41). Lifetime concussion history was the most common predictor of adverse self-reported health outcomes compared with other exposure characteristics, within 5 years of collegiate sport retirement. Despite the associations, most former athletes remained within normal clinical levels during this early postretirement period.

Evaluate the impact of patient age, body mass index (BMI), medial/central patellofemoral arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency on five-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). A consecutive group of 229 patients (240 knees) received fixed-bearing medial UKA. At minimum two (n = 231 knees) and five years (n = 221 knees), patients completed the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), the EuoQol-5D (EQ-5D), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and their level of satisfaction. Sub-group analyses compared PROMs in patients based on: (i) Grade III/IV vs. Grade 0-III medial/central patellofemoral arthritis, (ii) ACL deficiency vs. intact ACL, (iii) age groups (< 50, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, > 80), and (iv) BMI categories (< 30, 30-35, 35-40, ≥ 40). Satisfaction rates remained consistent at the 2- and 5-year follow-up points, with 96% being satisfied or very satisfied. The OKS, EQ-5D, KOOS PS, or FJS-12 were not statistically significantly different between 2 and 5years. Five-year UCLA activity scores differed significantly across age groups (50-59 vs 80 + (MD = 1.5; p = 0.027), 60-69 vs 70-79 (MD = 0.9; p = 0.014), and 60-69 vs 80 + (MD = 1.7; p = 0.004)), and between patients with a BMI < 30 vs ≥ 40 (MD = 2.3; p = 0.045). These findings were supported by multivariable regression, which showed that increasing age and higher BMI were independently associated with worse UCLA activity scores. Grade III/IV patellofemoral arthritis was associated with worse EQ-5D scores but was not associated with worse OKS, UCLA, KOOS-PS, or FJS-12. ACL deficiency was associated with higher KOOS-PS scores. Five-year outcomes following fixed-bearing medial UKA demonstrated high patient satisfaction, unchanged from two years. Although older age was associated with lower activity and higher BMI (> 40) with worse function, the effect sizes were small and not clinically meaningful. Patellofemoral arthritis and ACL deficiency had no negative functional impact. Therefore, age, BMI, patellofemoral arthritis, and ACL status should not be considered contraindications; instead, broad selection criteria for fixed-bearing UKA are supported.

Quality of life (QOL) is an important consideration in vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients when assessing management options. Understanding sex-based differences in QOL may facilitate patient counseling. Prospective cohort. Tertiary academic medical center and Acoustic Neuroma Association. Sporadic VS patients. Observation, microsurgery, or radiation. Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life (PANQOL) scores. A total of 481 patients were analyzed. In the observation group, women reported worse anxiety, facial function, and total PANQOL scores at baseline. At follow-up, men declined more in facial function (-5 vs. +3, P=0.01). For microsurgery, women reported worse facial function and balance scores at baseline. At follow-up, men declined more in facial function (-16 vs. -3, P<0.001), balance (-7 vs. +2, P=0.04), energy (-4 vs. +5, P=0.03), and total (-5 vs. +2, P=0.02) PANQOL scores. For radiation, women reported worse anxiety, balance, pain, and total scores at baseline. At follow-up, anxiety improved in women but worsened in men (+5 vs. -6, P=0.008). Sex-based differences exceeding the minimally important difference thresholds established for the PANQOL were observed for the following: anxiety at baseline in the observation group, anxiety and pain at baseline in the radiation group, and change in anxiety from baseline to follow-up in the radiation group. Women had worse anxiety, balance, facial function, pain, and overall QOL at baseline assessed using the PANQOL, whereas men declined more with treatment and observation. The largest difference in PANQOL change between sexes occurred after microsurgery, with men experiencing greater losses in facial function, balance, energy, and total scores.

Background/Objectives: Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) is a skin disorder marked by recurrent wheals and itching, with or without angioedema, which can greatly affect the quality of life. Vitamin D has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various immune-mediated conditions, including CSU. The connection between vitamin D levels, patients' perceived symptoms, and life impact remains unexplored. This study aims to elucidate vitamin D levels and their correlation with perceived disease-related burden in individuals with CSU. Methods: PROM-based questionnaires, serum 25(OH)D levels, and BMI were statistically analyzed in high-disease-activity CSU, among hospitalized and outpatients who attended the main tertiary hospital center during a 1-year period. These data were compared with a control group, after obtaining their consent. Results: The study included 104 patients, 74 (71.15%) females, mean age 43.17 ± 18.26 years, and 23 controls, 12 (52.17%) females, mean age 44.61 ± 12.77 years. Levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in patients compared to controls and in the hospitalized versus the outpatient group (p < 0.05). Suboptimal 25(OH)D was found in 94.23% of patients (mean level 18.29 ± 6.74 ng/mL) and 82.61% of controls (mean 24.01 ± 7.44 ng/mL). A BMI > 25 kg/m2 was found in 71 (68.3%) patients and 11 (47.83%) controls. Age was not significantly correlated with vitamin D levels. A significant positive correlation was found between vitamin D levels and the perceived bothersomeness score of urticarial elements and pruritus. Age was negatively correlated with perceived bothersomeness of pruritus. Irrespective of 25(OH)D levels, perceived bothersomeness of urticarial elements positively correlated with scores for angioedema, pruritus, and the impact of CSU on life and daily activities. Life and daily activities impact scores were also positively correlated with angioedema and pruritus. Conclusions: Suboptimal levels of 25(OH)D were common in CSU patients, especially among hospitalized patients, and were significantly lower compared with controls, suggesting a potential link between low vitamin D status and high disease activity. PROMs did not show a significant association between lower vitamin D levels and worse scores for perceived bothersomeness of urticarial elements, angioedema, pruritus, or impact on life and daily activities.

Thirty-Six Percent Conversion to Surgery Rate for Nonsurgical Treatment of Complete and Partial Distal Biceps Tears.

To evaluate, in a cohort of children born extremely preterm, the hypothesis that increasing severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is associated with less optimal vision, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and parent-reported quality of life.The Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn study is a multicenter, longitudinal cohort study. Study participants were born before 28 completed weeks of gestation during the years 2002 to 2004 and were enrolled at birth at 14 U.S. hospitals. Based on retinal examinations by ophthalmologists, participants were classified during their initial hospitalization according to the severity of ROP. At 10 years of age, study psychologists evaluated participants' cognitive abilities, academic achievement, and behaviors indicative of autism spectrum disorder. Participants were classified with regard to gross motor function, anxiety, depression, and quality of life based on parents' responses on standardized questionnaires.After adjustment for confounders, increased severity of ROP was associated with increased severity of vision/eye problems, worse scores on math achievement tests, as well as higher prevalence of anxiety and lower quality of life as reported by the parent when the child was 10 years old. A history of blindness in one or both eyes was associated with these same outcomes, as well as worse scores on assessments of cognitive function, reading ability, and social responsiveness.Among extremely preterm children, severe ROP and severe eye or vision problems are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and lower quality of life. · Severe retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) is likely to have adverse outcomes at 10 years of age.. · Severe ROP in ELGANs is associated with parent-reported lower quality of life at 10 years.. · Blindness in one or both eyes following ROP is associated with multiple adverse outcomes at 10 years..

To identify factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in midlife and older women with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorders (hEDS/HSD). Online, cross-sectional survey. Online survey was administered to participants in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Facebook groups. Women ages 40 years and older with a diagnosis of hEDS/HSD. Online survey including demographic and health history; 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) to measure HRQOL; and free-text questions related to things that reduced and improved well-being. Sixty-six women (mean age, 55 years) participated in the survey. Symptom onset was in childhood, but treatment was not sought until their late 20s. The mean age at diagnosis was the mid-40s; thus, the diagnosis was delayed by more than 18 years from the time participants first sought treatment. Comorbidities were common, with 62% of participants reporting seven or more comorbid diagnoses. The SF-36 scores indicated a high symptom burden and poor HRQOL, with worse mean scores in the physical domains compared to the mental domains. Symptom severity, treatment restrictions, environmental factors, comorbidities, and interactions with health care providers influenced HRQOL. Nursing has an emerging role in research and education related to genetic syndromes and heritable connective tissue disorders, including hEDS/HSD, in midlife and older women. Future research should address the complex relationships among physical, social, personal, and environmental factors to maximize HRQOL in this population.

Lipoedema is a condition of abnormal accumulation of painful adipose tissue, usually in the lower body of women. The disproportionate subcutaneous adipose tissue may negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are currently no patient reported outcome measures (PROM) specifically designed to assess the HRQoL in individuals with lipoedema. The aim of this study was to compare scores on validated lower limb lymphoedema PROMs between females with lipoedema and lymphoedema. In a private lymphoedema clinic in Australia between 1 October 2021 and 22 August 2023, individuals assigned female at birth, aged 18years and older who consented to the entry of de-identified data into a research databank and completed the Lymphoedema Quality of Life tool (LYMQOL-leg) and/or Lymphoedema Symptoms Intensity and Distress Survey (LSIDS-L) for the legs were included in this study. Between group analysis was conducted on 151 participants who were either diagnosed with lipoedema (N=90) or bilateral leg lymphoedema (N=61). Participants with both conditions were excluded. Participants with lipoedema reported significantly higher burden scores for symptoms (p=0.003), appearance (p=0.003) and mood (p=0.011) in the LYMQOL-leg survey when compared to participants with bilateral leg lymphoedema. Participants with lipoedema also reported significantly worse LSIDS-L scores for neurological sensation (p=0.003), biobehavioral (p=0.016) and resource (p=0.008) questions compared to participants with lymphoedema. This study highlights that although females with lipoedema and lymphoedema experience similar symptoms, their experiences differ in specific outcomes that influence their HRQoL. These findings warrant further investigation into the HRQoL concerns of individuals with lipoedema.

Pain and Paresthesia Patterns in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Neuropathic Sensory Features and Postoperative Transitions in a Prospective Cohort.

This study evaluated the long-term clinical efficacy and cognitive impact of medications for central nervous system (CNS)-related overactive bladder (OAB). A retrospective cohort of 170 patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA), dementia, or Parkinson's disease (PD) was analyzed between February 2019 and July 2024. Urinary symptoms were assessed with the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) and Urgency Severity Score (USS), and cognitive function with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Outcomes were measured at baseline, 12, 24, and 36months. OAB improvement was defined as a ≥ 3-point reduction in OABSS. A decline of more than 3 points in the MMSE score indicated cognitive deterioration. Baseline characteristics differed significantly among subgroups; dementia patients were older, more often female, and had lower MMSE scores. Medication discontinuation was higher in dementia (69.8%) and PD (62.5%) compared with CVA (40%, p = 0.002). Symptom improvement (12.4%) and global response assessment (GRA) scores at one year were modest and similar among groups. Severe cognitive impairment was associated with higher discontinuation, poorer symptom improvement (5.9%), lower GRA scores, and greater cognitive decline (25%, p = 0.049). Among medications, solifenacin showed the highest discontinuation (77.8%, p = 0.002), whereas tolterodine SR had the lowest (36.4%). Cognitive function remained generally stable across medications, but patients with cognitive deterioration had worse urinary outcomes and GRA scores. OAB medication efficacy was comparable across medication types, but tolerability varied significantly, with the dementia, PD and solifenacin groups showing higher discontinuation rates. Cognitive impairment significantly influenced treatment outcomes, underscoring the need for tailored therapeutic strategies and regular cognitive assessments to optimise treatment effectiveness and maintain quality of life in patients with CNS-related OAB.

Long-term impact of arthritis on sensory function: Evidence from the Chinese elderly population.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between malocclusion severity and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children aged 11-14 years by simultaneously using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14), Parent/Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ), and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). This analytical cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted on 117 children aged 11-14 years and their parents/guardians referred to a specialized dental clinic in Rasht city, Iran, in 2022. Children with systemic diseases, a history of orthodontic treatment, or craniofacial abnormalities were excluded. OHRQoL was independently assessed using the CPQ11-14 and P-CPQ. Malocclusion severity was determined using the DAI, and children were categorized into normal occlusion, definite, severe, and very severe malocclusion groups. The associations of age and gender with OHRQoL were also examined. Data were analyzed statistically (α = 0.05). The mean OHRQoL score was significantly higher among children with malocclusion compared with those with normal occlusion (p < 0.001), indicating poorer quality of life. Higher malocclusion severity was significantly associated with worse OHRQoL scores (p < 0.001). These associations were significant in both sexes (p < 0.05). A significant association between malocclusion severity and poorer OHRQoL was observed in children older than 12 years (p < 0.001), whereas this association was not statistically significant in children aged 12 years or younger (p > 0.05). Multivariable analysis confirmed that malocclusion severity remained independently associated with OHRQoL after adjustment for demographic factors (p < 0.001). Greater severity of malocclusion, particularly in older children, is significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL. The relative agreement between child and parent assessments highlights the importance of considering both perspectives in clinical and research settings.

Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 phenotypes have changed since the introduction of disease modifying therapies. The Great Ormond Respiratory Score has been used to assess respiratory function in children with spinal muscular atrophy. This paper presents an updated version of the score and aims to describe preliminary data reviewing the two-year changes of respiratory status in a cohort of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 patients treated with monotherapy or sequential disease modifying treatments. Patients were assessed using the amended Great Ormond Respiratory score at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. 59 patients were reviewed. In total, 32 first initiated nusinersen therapy, 16 first initiated onasemnogene abeparvovec and 11 first initiated risdiplam therapy. There was a significant difference in baseline Great Ormond Respiratory Score between the nusinersen group and the onasemnogene abeparvovec group (p = 0.002). Risdiplam data is limited and is identified as preliminary. The data identifies treatment prior to 6 weeks of age stabilise at a lower score, with this being impacted by age of treatment. Those treated after one year show worse scores but stabilise. Despite the switching between disease modifying treatments, the Great Ormond Respiratory Score is a useful and easy-to-use clinical outcome measure which can demonstrate change in respiratory status over longitudinal review.

Does the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome or Its Components Influence Patient-Reported Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty?