Wear Research Articles

Leadership, Ideology and Crowds in the Roman Empire of the Fourth Century AD ed. by Erika Manders and Daniëlle Slootjes

Reviewed by: Leadership, Ideology and Crowds in the Roman Empire of the Fourth Century AD ed. by Erika Manders and Daniëlle Slootjes Dennis Trout Leadership, Ideology and Crowds in the Roman Empire of the Fourth Century AD. Edited by erika manders and daniëlle slootjes. Heidelberger Althistorische Beiträge und Epigraphische Studien 62. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2020. Pp. 2020. Paperback. ISBN: 978-3-515-12404-1. The eleven chapters of this study began life as conference papers presented at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen in 2015. That meeting, “Medial (re)presentations—various messages: leadership, ideology and crowds in the Roman empire of the fourth century AD,” like the volume it yielded, focused on “the functioning of leadership and ideology” in the pivotal century after the reforms of Constantine altered the administrative and social structures of the empire together with the public fortunes of Christianity. So it is that bishops join emperors and congregations form part of the crowd in the essays assembled here. Although the book’s chapters range across a wide swath of methodological and historical ground, their interests coalesce around a select body of themes, enumerated below. Collectively, however, these papers simultaneously highlight the 4th century’s distinct religious, social and political structures and underline its dependency on continuities that emanated from the cultural landscape of the early empire. One important lesson the papers of this volume suggest, therefore, is that for the educated elites of the later empire, ecclesiastical as well as secular, the Constantinian era was not an insurmountable divide; models of leadership—good and bad and as time worn as Tiberius and Trajan—remained serviceable even in the new age of Christian emperors and civic bishops. The volume has no explicit subdivisions, but its chapters are cross-linked in multiple ways. Emperors, in action or perception, dominate the volume; only three essays foreground ecclesiastical leadership. Otherwise, reality and rhetoric are roughly balanced. Five chapters overtly tackle historical reconstruction: Gerda de Kleijn employs the social science criteria of transactional and transformational leadership and personal and positional power to assess the rule of Constantius II (337–61), finding that these heuristics yield results that harmonize with the criticism pagan writers levelled at Constantius’s failures in foreign military campaigns and his cultivation of court intrigue; Meaghan McEvoy, in order to counter the image (ancient and modern) of the “imperial jellyfish” Arcadius (395–408) as a secluded and palace-bound emperor, catalogs the many ceremonial occasions that [End Page 229] actually brought him into view before the populace of Constantinople; Carmen Angela Cvetković reads through the performance poetry of Paulinus of Nola to glimpse the ecclesiastical politics and theological dynamics that brought the Illyrian bishop Niceta of Remesiana to Rome and Nola in the opening years of the 5th century; Marianne Sághy turns to a range of sources, polemical and epigraphic, to evaluate the ways in which Rome’s mid-4th century bishop Damasus mobilized his supporters in order to secure control of his city’s ecclesiastical machinery, in part by resort to force and in part through his patronage of the Roman martyrs; and Julio Cesar Magalhães de Oliveira, in an essay that nicely complements Sághy’s, reads treatises and sermons against the grain to restore agency to North African crowds whose acts have typically been viewed through the lens of episcopal manipulation. Five essays target strategies of messaging. Sometimes the media are material. Verena Jaeschke presents the architectural ensemble of the widely attested Tetrachic palace-circus complex as both a stage for imperial self-representation and a venue in which the urban populace expressed itself before the emperor, while Erika Manders reevaluates a series of civic coins minted during the reign of Maximinus Daia in order to undercut their familiar categorization as “persecution issues.” More often in this volume wordsmithing (in a wordy age) is the focus of attention. Adrastos Omissi examines imperial panegyric as a ritual “point of contact between ruler and ruled” where orators could praise those imperial qualities that subjects deemed desirable while also asserting their own and their communities hopes for more mundane rewards and benefits. Speeches also serve as the...

Wearing face mask during physical exercise

Wearing face mask during physical exercise

PEMAHAHAMAN HADIS TENTANG COVID-19 DALAM PERSPEKTIF INTEGRASI-INTERKONEKSI AMIN ABDULLAH

The Prophet's hadith has provided information about infectious epidemics and how to handle them, namely by saying prayers to avoid the plague, staying away from those who are sick like running when they find a lion in front of them, isolating and locking down areas affected by the plague, and the promise of a large reward equivalent to death martyrdom for those affected by infectious diseases. As a source of Islamic teachings, this hadith can be understood and brought to the present context, namely the Covid-19 outbreak. The integration-interconnection paradigm initiated by Amin Abdullah made it necessary to understand the hadith of infectious diseases in a humanist way and prioritize humanity. It is the obligation of Muslims to pray to avoid illness. Still, on the other hand, if infected, serious medical treatment is necessary, and those who are healthy do not approach them but must keep their distance and wear a mask. This method is more effective if those infected with the disease isolate themselves within the specified time not to infect the healthy ones. The rewards of martyrdom are for those who die, whether patients or medical personnel and those who are healthy because they also participate in jihad with their souls and assets to reduce and prevent wider disease transmission, one of which is by obeying the PSBB rules. Through Amin Abdullah's integration-interconnection paradigm, the hadith about Covid-19 is understood as a disaster or destiny and a trigger for the development of science, especially in medic and virology.Hadis Nabi telah memberikan informasi tentang wabah menular dan penanganannya, yaitu dengan memanjatkan doa agar terhindar dari wabah tersebut, menjauhi mereka yang sakit seperti lari ketika mendapati singa di depannya, melakukan isolasi dan lockdown daerah yang terkena wabah, serta janji pahala yang besar setara dengan mati syahid bagi mereka yang terkena penyakit menular. Sebagai salah satu sumber ajaran Islam, hadis tersebut tentunya dapat dipahami dan dibawa pada konteks kekinian, yaitu wabah Covid-19. Paradigma integrasi-interkoneksi yang digagas oleh Amin Abdullah meniscayakan pemahaman atas hadis penyakit menular tersebut dengan cara yang humanis dan mengedepankan kemanusiaan. Kewajiban Muslim untuk berdoa agar terhindar dari penyakit, namun di sisi lain, jika tertular maka perlu dilakukan penanganan serius secara medis, dan yang sehat tidak mendekatinya, melainkan harus menjaga jarak dan menggunakan masker. Cara ini semakin efektif jika mereka yang terinfeksi penyakit mengisolasi diri dalam waktu yang ditentukan agar tidak menularkan pada yang sehat. Pahala syahid bagi mereka yang meninggal, baik pasien atau tenaga medis, begitupun bagi mereka yang sehat karena mereka juga turut berjihad dengan jiwa dan hartanya mengurangi dan mencegah penularan penyakit yang lebih luas, salah satunya dengan mentaati aturan PSBB. Melalui paradigm integrasi-interkoneksi Amin Abdullah, hadis tentang Covid-19 tidak hanya dipahami sebagai musibah atau takdir, melainkan juga sebagai pemicu pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya di bidang kedokteran dan virology.

Sun protection knowledge and habits among street vendors of the Moshoqueque market, Chiclayo

espanolObjetivo: Determinar los conocimientos y habitos de proteccion solar en comerciantes ambulantes del mercadoMoshoqueque (Chiclayo, Lambayeque), en los meses de enero y febrero del 2020. Materiales y metodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se elaboro una ficha de recoleccion de datos. El tamano muestral fue de 362 comerciantes ambulantes. Se aplico el 95 % de confianza, el 5 % de precision y 50 % de la frecuencia esperada.Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 48,54 (DE = 11,6 anos) y la mayoria de los participantes fueron mujeres (61 %). La mediana del tiempo como comerciantes ambulantes fue 15 anos. El 92,50 % de los participantes se expone al sol por 7,6 horas al dia. En cuanto a los conocimientos, mas del 90 % reconoce que el enrojecimiento y el envejecimiento de la piel son efectos de la radiacion ultravioleta (RUV). Respecto a los habitos de proteccion solar, el 34 % nunca usa bloqueador y el 90 % no usa sombrero de ala ancha, pero si visera y sombrilla.Conclusiones: Los comerciantes conocen que el enrojecimiento y el envejecimiento son productos de la radiacion ultravioleta. Sin embargo, desconocen que el dolor de cabeza no es causado por RUV y que despues de tener una quemadura solar es necesario utilizar fotoproteccion. En cuanto a habitos de proteccion, nunca usan bloqueador, pero si visera o gorro (pero no sombreros de ala ancha). Trabajan alrededor de 7,6 h diarias, por mas de una decada. EnglishObjective: To determine the sun protection knowledge and habits among street vendors of the Moshoqueque market (Chiclayo, Lambayeque) in January and February 2020. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study. A data collection sheet was prepared. The sample consisted of 362 street vendors. A 95 % confidence interval, 5 % accuracy and 50 % of the expected frequency were applied. Results: The average age of the study subjects was 48.54 (SD = 11.6 years) and most of them were women (61 %). The median time as street vendors was 15 years. Ninety-two point five percent (92.5 %) were exposed to the sun 7.6 hours perday. Regarding sun protection knowledge, more than 90 % were aware that skin redness and aging are effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). As for their sun protection habits, 34 % never used sunscreen, 90 % did not wear wide-brimmed hats, butthey used visors and umbrellas.Conclusions: Vendors know that redness and aging are the result of UVR. However, they do not know that headache is not caused by UVR and that after sun burning it is still necessary to use sunscreen. As for their sun protection habits, theynever use sunscreen; they wear a visor or a hat (but not wide-brimmed hats). They have worked around 7.6 hours a day for more than a decade.

Covid 19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Ramazan Bayramı nın Bireylerde Yarattığı Tüketim Algısı Ve Davranışları

Cin’in Wuhan kentinden cikarak butun dunyaya yayilan Covid-19 pandemisi tum dunyayi etkileyen bir saglik sorunu olarak toplumlar uzerinde ortaya cikardigi ekonomik, sosyal, kulturel, psikolojik etkileriyle butun davranis bicimlerinde degisik-liklere neden olmustur. Bu davranis bicimlerindeki degisim onumuzdeki donemlerde tuketici davranislari uzerinde onemli degi-siklik - lere neden olacaktir. Arastirma; Ramazan Bayrami’nin izolasyon sureci yasayan bireylerde yarattigi algi ve tuketim dav-ranis - larina yonelik tahminler yaparak, 2019 yili Ramazan Bayrami ile 2020 yili Ramazan Bayrami’nin algi ve tuketici davranisi acisin - dan karsilastirmasini yapmak ve pandeminin bireylerin algilarini ve tuketim davranislarini nasil degistirdigi sorusundan hareket etmektedir. Bu arastirmanin sonuclari, salgin surecinde edinilen aliskanliklarin uzun sure devam ettirilmesi ayni za-manda korku ve kaygi gibi psikolojik duygular ile birlesmesi nedeniyle kaliciligi konusunda yapilacak calismalara da zemin olusturabilir. Sonuclar, bireylerin izolasyondan cikmis olsalar da tedbirli davranmayi surdurduklerini, istedikleri bircok davra-nisi yapma - diklarini dolayisiyla tuketim harcamalarinin buna paralel olarak dustugunu gostermektedir. Calisma, “Betimleyici Arastirma” ve “Analitik Arastirma” turlerinin nitel ve nicel arastirmalarda ortak kullanimina imkan veren “Karma Arastirma Modeli” ile gerceklestirilmistir.

El exoesqueleto de rehabilitación de la marcha ALICE: análisis dinámico y evaluación del sistema de control utilizando cuaternios de Hamilton

<span>Un exoesqueleto robótico es un dispositivo electromecánico utilizado para aumentar la capacidad física de una persona, como ayuda a la locomoción o para procesos de rehabilitación de la marcha. En el caso de los exoesqueletos de rehabilitación se requiere que el sistema de control sea capaz de adaptarse adecuadamente a la evolución del paciente con el fin de optimizar su recuperación, esto implica el diseño de controladores robustos y precisos. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis cinemático, análisis dinámico y evaluación del sistema de control del exoesqueleto de rehabilitación ALICE. Dentro de las técnicas de control presentadas se encuentran: el controlador PD, PD adaptativo, y el controlador en modo deslizante. Además, se realiza un análisis de estabilidad utilizando el criterio de Lyapunov. Para probar el rendimiento de los reguladores, se utiliza un conjunto de datos de la Escuela de Fisioterapia de la ONCE de Madrid, correspondiente a personas sanas y personas con esclerosis múltiple. Se utiliza MATLAB como software de simulación y lenguaje de programación.</span>

Evaluation of wear property of Giomer and universal composite in vivo

Objective To observe the wear performance of Giomer and universal composite for posterior restorations by 3D laser scan method, in order to guide the material selection in clinic. Methods In this study, 48 patients (108 teeth) were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the patients in need of a minimum of 2 Class Ⅰ and/or Class Ⅱ restorations were invited to join the study. The teeth were restored with Giomer (Beautifil Ⅱ, BF) and universal composite (Filtek Z350, Z350) randomly. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 6-, 18-, 48-month using the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria for clinical performance. The in vivo images and gypsum replicas were taken at each recall. A 3D-laser scanner and Geomagic Studio 12 were used to analyze the wear depth quantitatively. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0. Results After 4 years, 89.6% patients were recalled. The survival rate of both materials was 95.8% (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis). Seven restorations of the two materials failed due to loss of restoration, bulk fracture, secondary caries and pulp necrosis. The wear patterns of restorations were divided into 2 classes. Pattern Ⅰ: occlusal contact areas showed the deepest and fastest wear depth; pattern Ⅱ: the wear depth was slow and uniform. Both materials showed a rapid wear in the first 6 months. Then the wear rate was decreased. The occlusal wear depth after 4 years were (58±22) μm and (54±16) μm for BF group and Z350 group respectively, which were in accordance with the American Dental Association (ADA) guidelines (wear depth for 3 years 0.05) were observed between the two groups. Regarding the restorations with wear pattern Ⅰ, the wear depth of BF group was higher than Z350 group at 6- and 48-month (P 0.05). Conclusion Within the limitation of the study, after 4 years, the survival rate and wear resistance of Giomer met ADA guidelines for tooth-colored restorative materials for posterior teeth. When the two materials were applied in occlusal contact areas, wear resistance of Giomer was slightly lower than universal composite resin. No significant difference was found when they were applied in none of the occlusal contact areas.

Wearability Testing of Ambulatory Vital Sign Monitoring Devices: Prospective Observational Cohort Study

BackgroundTimely recognition of patient deterioration remains challenging. Ambulatory monitoring systems (AMSs) may provide support to current monitoring practices; however, they need to be thoroughly tested before implementation in the clinical environment for early detection of deterioration.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the wearability of a selection of commercially available AMSs to inform a future prospective study of ambulatory vital sign monitors in an acute hospital ward.MethodsFive pulse oximeters (4 with finger probes and 1 wrist-worn only, collecting pulse rates and oxygen saturation) and 2 chest patches (collecting heart rates and respiratory rates) were selected to be part of this study: The 2 chest-worn patches were VitalPatch (VitalConnect) and Peerbridge Cor (Peerbridge); the 4 wrist-worn devices with finger probe were Nonin WristOx2 3150 (Nonin), Checkme O2+ (Viatom Technology), PC-68B, and AP-20 (both from Creative Medical); and the 1 solely wrist-worn device was Wavelet (Wavelet Health). Adult participants wore each device for up to 72 hours while performing usual “activities of daily living” and were asked to score the perceived exertion and perception of pain or discomfort by using the Borg CR-10 scale; thoughts and feelings caused by the AMS using the Comfort Rating Scale (CRS); and to provide general free text feedback. Median and IQRs were reported and nonparametric tests were used to assess differences between the devices’ CRS scores.ResultsQuantitative scores and feedback were collected in 70 completed questionnaires from 20 healthy volunteers, with each device tested approximately 10 times. The Wavelet seemed to be the most wearable device (P<.001) with an overall median (IQR) CRS score of 1.00 (0.88). There were no statistically significant differences in wearability between the chest patches in the CRS total score; however, the VitalPatch was superior in the Attachment section (P=.04) with a median (IQR) score of 3.00 (1.00). General pain and discomfort scores and total percentage of time worn are also reflective of this.ConclusionsOur results suggest that adult participants prefer to wear wrist-worn pulse oximeters without a probe compressing the fingertip and they prefer to wear a smaller chest patch. A compromise between wearability, reliability, and accuracy should be made for successful and practical integration of AMSs within the hospital environment.

1921. Otto Zdansky discovers the Peking Man Fossil

It is common to praise archaeologists for their major discoveries, this is how the name of Otto Zdansky (1894-1988) is linked to that of the Peking Man he discovered at the end of the summer of 1921 in China, 48 km from Beijing (Peking). Less often mentioned is the interest given by the inventor to research undertaken on the fossil isolated teeth of this Homo erectus from China that he unearthed on the Zhoukoudian site (formerly Chou-kou-tien). These teeth of Sinanthropus pekinensis, which he had sent to Uppsala University of Sweden, had also become important in 1980 for me who was then trying to understand how ancient men lived. The three original isolated teeth discovered and described by Otto Zdansky, held at Uppsala in the ZKD (Zhoukoudian) collection since 1923 : Right upper M3 (1921) Left lower P3 (shipped in1923) Right lower P4 (1952), are reflecting the expanding interest of the1920s in the traces of the “peripheral” human evolution in China [Black 1926; Zdansky 1927, 1952]. In January 1980 I contacted Otto Zdansky (figure 1) to include their study; using a method I had started in 1976 to carry out an analysis of the wear of teeth examined under the microscope of populations in order to deduce the different food choices. This and excerpts from Otto Zdansky’s letters reproduced in bold italics bring to life this story of the discovery of the first fossilized remains of Peking Man.

Kajian Simulasi Fem 3D : Keausan Pahat Twist Drill pada Pemesinan Bor Mikro Material Ti-6Al-4V

Titanium is a material that has a good strength to weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and resistant to high or low temperatures Titanium alloys that are used in various industrial fields, one of them is the Ti6Al4V alloy. Micro drilling has a high rotational speed which results in tool wear, high temperatures, and surface roughness. This research uses The Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation. The application used is DEFORM 3D based on parameters from previous studies. The purpose of this research is to identify the progress of tool wear in a simulated manner on the Ti6Al4V alloy micro-dilling and analyze the tool wear on the Ti6Al4V alloy micro-drilling under dry machining conditions. Machining trials used CNC micro-drilling at various of cutting parameters such as cutting speed of 10.000 and 15.000 rpm. The results showed that the tool wear progress at the 5th hole was 0.00346 mm, the tool wear progress at the 10th hole was 0.00462 mm and the tool wear progress at the 15th hole was 0.00525 mm. Analyzing tool wear in simulated machining and experimental machining in dry conditions has a high wear value. Tool wear is simulated by measuring the radius of the tool in the 15th hole valued at 0.09973 mm. Tool wear is experimentally measured from the tool radius in the 15th hole valued at 0.0101 mm. The tool mesh is changed due to the tool wear. The tool mesh in the 5th hole is worth 17372 mesh. The tool mesh in the 10th hole is 15662 mesh. The tool mesh in the 15th hole was highly reduced by 13021 mesh. Tool wear affects the change in tool mesh. With increasing tool wear then tool mesh is reduced. The next cause of tool wear is the tool temperature in the machining process.

Effect of Nano-ZrO2 Particulates on Wear Characteristics of Al7075 Metal Matrix Composite

The demands in application-oriented areas lead to evolution of many light metal alloys which are capable of maintaining strength to weight ratio in an adequate manner. Out of all light metal aluminium alloys plays a vital role with the addition of hard ceramic particulates. In this view an attempt has been made to synthesis the aluminium nano composites with the addition of ZrO2 with a particle size of 80nm by using stir casting methodology by adopting specific working environment using argon gas supply. The addition of ceramic particles found uniform in distribution wise. The specimens are subjected to dry sliding wear test using Ducom wear test equipment which results in significant improvement in the resistance for wear. The composite was prepared for 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 wt.% addition of reinforcement. As % of addition of reinforcement the wear rate is gradually decreasing, the worn-out surfaces are subjected to SEM analysis after wear testing.

The Great Mask Debate – To Wear or Not to Wear?

The Great Mask Debate – To Wear or Not to Wear?

Female immune-boosted chicks get longer telomere clocks

As the effects of time take their toll, things begin to wear out. Joints get stiff and elderly animals tend to be less sharp than they once were. The effects of time are felt even down in the tiny capping structures, known as telomeres, at the tips of chromosomes. François Criscuolo from the Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, France, and Tony Williams from Simon Fraser University, Canada, explain that telomeres shorten as cells age, like a clock ticking down. However, they were curious to find out how events back at the start of life mould the telomeres that will eventually influence an animal's resilience and longevity. Knowing that chicks developing from the eggs of mothers that had experienced a fake infection when they laid their eggs inherit more antibodies and tend to be larger at ∼4 weeks of age, Williams and his colleague, Roxana Torres from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico decided to find out what effect this additional immunity provided by mothers has on the length of their youngster's telomeres when they hatch and later in life.Williams and Torres injected female zebra finches with fragments of bacteria prior to mating – to trick the birds’ immune systems into trying to fight off the feigned infection – and then collected the eggs laid by the females, injecting some eggs with testosterone, to find out whether the hormone also affected the length of the chromosome-capping structures. Incubating the eggs until they hatched, the duo monitored the chicks' growth until they were almost 3 months old. In addition, as bird red blood cells are packed with DNA, the researchers collected blood samples from the youngsters at the age of 4 weeks and again at 3 months, to track the condition of their telomeres. They also collected blood samples from the mothers – before the simulated infection, when they laid their first egg and when their chicks were 4 weeks old – to find out whether motherhood had taken a toll on the condition of their own telomeres and whether the offspring inherited their mothers’ telomeres. Then, Williams passed the blood samples on to Criscuolo and Sandrine Zahn at the University of Strasbourg, France, to analyse the length of the chicks’ and mothers’ telomeres.Not surprisingly, when Criscuolo and Williams investigated the impact of motherhood, the females with the largest clutches of eggs suffered the most telomere loss. However, the mothers that had been fighting off a fake infection when they laid their eggs suffered less telomere degradation; ‘perhaps telomere loss was reduced due to earlier activation of the immune system, prior to laying, in these immune-challenged females’, says Williams. And the mothers with the longest telomeres passed on the benefit to their daughters. However, the length of the sons’ telomeres bore little resemblance to those of their mothers.When it came to the state of the youngsters’ telomeres as they developed and grew, female chicks that had received a testosterone boost in addition to the boost from their mothers’ immune systems had longer telomeres, while a testosterone injection alone improved the sons’ telomeres. Also, the youngsters that had the longest telomeres shortly after hatching were still ahead in the telomere stakes when they matured into adults, ‘suggesting that individual differences in telomere length are established early in life, partly thanks to the combined effects of in-egg maternal molecules’, say Williams and Criscuolo.

High-Speed Sharpening and Thermo-activated Refinement of Blade Tools from Synthetic Diamonds

Processing of synthetic diamonds is accompanied by low productivity and high values of relative con-sumption of diamond wheels. The coefficient of use of diamond grains in these processes does not exceed 5-10%. Using synthetic diamonds as a blade tool, requires sharpening and refinement. This study proposes to use ultra-high-speed machining modes and the same diamond grinding wheel at all stages of tool shaping. At the first stage, i.e. at high speeds, a rough productive sharpening of dia-mond blade tool is made with a wheel on an iron-based binder. At the second stage processing speed is reduced, as a result grains cease to self-sharpen and to wear out. When the iron binder comes into contact with the sharpened diamond, the speed must be increased, so that the temperature in the contact zone of the binder with the rough surface of the cutter, increases. Due to diffusion wear, from the surface of the diamond, the height of the roughness micro-hills decreases. In other words, the process of high-quality thermally activated refinement of the working surface of the diamond cutter starts to be implemented.

What should I wear to work?

What should I wear to work?

Awareness about Usage of Face Mask and Hand Gloves - A Questionnaire Survey

It is necessary for each and every citizen travelling outside or taking care of an infected person to wear a face mask and hand gloves in pandemic times One method used to prevent the spread of disease is the face masks They can also be called dental masks, isolation masks, laser masks, surgical masks, surgery masks This helps in reducing germ propagation When someone is ill a face mask can reduce the amount of germs released by the wearer and can prevent others from getting sick The main aim of the study is to assess the awareness of usage of face masks and hand gloves among the Chennai population A cross-Sectional questionnaire was created which deals with usage of face mask and hand gloves and distributed among 302 people of the general population and the results were recorded and given in pie chart and graph format using SPSS software About 73 2% of the population were aware about the usage of face masks and hand gloves

Knowledge and behavior towards COVID-19 among primary and middle school students in Guangdong Province

Objective To understand the knowledge and behavior towards COVID-19 among primary and middle school students in Guangdong province, so as to provide basis for health education on epidemic prevention and control. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 222 403 primary and middle school students in Guangdong Province from March 8 to 31, 2020. Results In Guangdong Province, 96.28%, 80.01% and 38.58% of primary and middle school students knew the transmission route of the novel coronavirus was droplet transmission, contact transmission and aerosol transmission respectively, and 78.22% of the students knew the two main transmission routes. Among COVID-19 prevention and control measures, the top three well-known measures were mask wearing (99.69%), frequent hand washing (99.06%) and social distancing (96.21%). During the pandemic, 88.48% of students wore masks every time they went out, 32.15% reported that they needed parental supervision, and 53.97% reported they would continue wearing masks after the pandemic. 87.21% of students washed their hands every time after going out, 18.78% reported that they needed parental supervision, and 94.92% reported that they would continue washing their hands frequently after the pandemic. Conclusion Primary and middle school students in Guangdong Province had high rates of awareness on transmission route and prevention and control measures of COVID-19. During the pandemic, the rates of wearing masks or washing hands every time after going out was high, and the rates of behavior intention of washing hands after the pandemic was high. 【摘要】 目的 了解广东省中小学生新型冠状病毒肺炎（以下简称“新冠肺炎”）认知及行为情况，为开展有针对性的疫 情防控健康教育提供依据。 方法 2020年3月8—31日通过问卷星网络平台对1 222 403名广东省中小学生开展问卷调 査。 结果 广东省中小学生对新冠肺炎通过呼吸道飞沫传播、接触传播、气溶胶传播的知晓率分别为96.28%，80.01%和 38.58%，同时选择呼吸道飞沫传播和接触传播2种途径的比例为78.22%。新冠肺炎的防控措施中知晓率排在前3位的为 戴口罩(99.69%)、勤洗手(99.06%)和不聚集(96.21%)。广东省中小学生在疫情期间外出每次戴口罩的比例为88.48%， 32.15%的学生报告戴口罩需要家长监督，53.97%的学生报告在疫情过后会坚持戴口罩。外出回来每次洗手的比例为 87.21%，18.78%的学生报告洗手需要家长监督，94.92%的学生报告疫情过后会坚持勤洗手。 结论 广东省中小学生对新 冠病毒的传播途径和防控措施有较髙的知晓率，疫情期间外出每次戴口罩和回来洗手的比例较髙，疫情过后坚持洗手的行 为意向比例较髙。

Syncopation and Its Perceptions.

In very old days past, I used to play piano, but not anymore. Age wore out the fingers, but they are not rusty.

Cutting ability of abrasive grains in the processing of billets of plastic materials with the applying of ultrasonic vibrations

The research was carried out in order to identify the relationship between the intensity of sticking of the workpiece material particles on the abrasive grains (AZ) of the grinding wheel with the physical and mechanical properties of the grains and ultrasonic vibrations (UZK) used in the processing process. Numerical simulation of local temperatures during micro-cutting (scratching) of samples made of 3X3M3F steel with abrasive grains made of various materials, including with the imposition of a narrow band. The deformation of the bulk and the stresses resulting from this deformation acting on the connection of the bulk with grains from materials with different coefficients of linear expansion are calculated. It was found that with increasing difference in the coefficients of linear expansion of the materials of the billet and AZ, the stresses that contribute to the separation of the adhesive from the surface of the AZ increase. In the course of experimental studies, samples were micro-cut with single abrasive grains. We controlled the salting coefficient equal to the ratio of the area of nalip to the area of the blunting site at the gas station and the wear of grain. It was found that AZ from Elbor wear out and become salted to a lesser extent when grinding with the imposition of a narrow-gauge blank.

The Air We Share

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