Wormhole Attack Research Articles

Wormhole Attack in Mobile Ad-hoc Network: A Survey

Security is the one of the major issue that exists in Mobile Ad hoc network. Mobile Ad hoc network is infrastructure less network so it is vulnerable to several security attacks that are on different layers. Wormhole attack is one of the serious routing attack on network layer. This paper focuses on the wormhole attack, its classification and the modes by which they are launched. This paper summarizes various detection techniques proposed for wormhole attack and also present the effect of wormhole attack on various performance parameters.

Swarm Intelligence Based WarmholeDetection Technique For Under Water SensorNetworks

In aquatic applications, Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) has emerged as a powerful technique. Features of UWNS are long propagation, low bandwidth and high error rate. Existing protocol or algorithm design for terrestrial network to UWNS becomes quite difficult to apply due to limited power capacity and node mobility. At every layer of the stack protocol, it requires a new research and there is a need of general architecture in UWSN. Underwater wireless sensor network consists of a certain number of sensors which sends the sensed data to the sink node and performs a collaborative task. In favor of wireless transmission, UWSN frequently chooses acoustic as a communication medium. Shallow water has a great value in undergoing special environment offered by UWSN. Mobility of sensor node due to water current, delay and loss in propagation are significant aspect of terrestrial sensor network. In UWSN, information is delivered from sensor nodes to sink node that possess an innovative challenge in underwater sensor network, warm hole attack causes serious issue in sensor networks. Defending against wormhole attack is a challenging task, there is no mechanism evolved for wormhole detection in under water sensor networks. We propose to develop a warm hole detection technique based on swam intelligence.

Cluster based Authentication Scheme (CBAS) for Secure Routing in MANET

MANET consists of a collection of independent mobile nodes connected by wireless links, where they can join or leave the network at any time. Due to infrastructure-less and mobility in nature, secure routing is essential in MANET to transmit packets from source to the destination. There are different types of routing attacks which causes disruption of the whole network. In our proposed method called CBAS, provides secure routing in MANET against wormhole attack. Hence the nodes are grouped into cluster and each cluster is governed by the cluster head and cluster heads are controlled by the master head node. Zero Knowledge Protocol (ZKP) is used to apply authenticity among the nodes. Communication starts between the source node and the destination node after ensuring that the network contains only the true nodes.

Real Time Intrusion and Wormhole Attack Detection in Internet of Things

There are currently more objects connected to the Internet than people in the world. This gap will continue to grow, as more objects gain the ability to directly interface with the Internet. Providing security in IoT is challenging as the devices are resource constrained, the communication links are lossy, and the devices use a set of novel IoT technologies such as RPL and 6LoWPAN. Due to this it is easy to attack in IoT network. The proposed system is a novel intrusion detection system for the IoT, which is capable of detecting Wormhole attack and attacker. The proposed methods uses the location information of node and neighbor information to identify the Wormhole attack and received signal strength to identify attacker nodes. Design of such system will help in securing the IoT network and may prevents such attacks. This method is very energy efficient and only takes fixed number of UDP packets for attack detection, hence it is beneficial for resource constrained environment.

Performance Evaluation of DYMO and FSR in the Presence of Wormhole Attack over MANET

Performance Evaluation of DYMO and FSR in the Presence of Wormhole Attack over MANET

Comparison of LEACH protocol withWormhole Attack and without WormholeAttack in Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks, routing is the major concern. It comprises of small sensor nodes with limited resources. It is necessary to introduce a routing protocol to extend network life time and to reduce the power consumption in sensor nodes. LEACH is one of the most interested techniques that offer an efficient way to minimize the power consumption in sensor networks. It uses self organizing and dynamic cluster formation which makes it attractive to various routing attacks, such as Denial of Service (DoS), Black hole, Wormhole and Sybil attacks. Wormhole attack is a Denial of Service attack launched by malicious nodes. It records packets at one location and tunnels them into another location. To check the reliable operation of LEACH, implement wormhole attack and evaluated the LEACH protocol in terms of metrics like throughput, average end-to-end delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). The evaluation of LEACH with wormhole attack has been done with the help of NS2 simulator. Watchdog is a monitoring technique which detects the misbehaving nodes in the network. It can be implemented in LEACH. In Watchdog-LEACH, some nodes are considered as watchdogs and some changes are applied on LEACH protocol for intrusion detection. Watchdog-LEACH is able to protect against a wide range of attacks and it provides security, energy efficiency and memory efficiency. Comparison made on LEACH with wormhole attack and LEACH with watchdog shows that LEACH with watchdog achieves high throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio and low End to End Delay.

A Reliable and Secure Hybrid Key Management Scheme for WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have shown a tremendous growth by evolving from merely a concept to a multifaceted realm of real world applications. This increase in growth and popularity is due to the fact that WSNs provide potentially low cost and cutting edge solutions to a range of critical problems like in healthcare, disaster management. Nevertheless, WSNs have some intrinsic security threats due to the wireless communication, unattended nature of deployment and sometimes harsh environment. Therefore, securing the WSN communication is a major concern. Public Key Cryptography (PKC) holds the capacity to provide much needed security to WSN; however, it is considered to be an expensive option for a resource constrained network. Symmetric Key Cryptography (SKC) is thought to be lightweight and therefore can be considered ideal for resource starved WSN, nevertheless, it has downsides too. In this paper, we exploit the strengths of both PKC and SKC and present a distinctive secure and reliable key management scheme for the backbone assisted WSNs. We make use of PKC for the node authentication and communication between the resource rich nodes i.e. gateway nodes. SKC is primarily used by the resource constrained sensor nodes. We prove that our scheme facilitates in discovering and minimizing the effect of various attacks like selective forwarding attack, sinkhole attack, and wormhole attack. We evaluate performance of our proposed scheme and compare it with the existing approaches. We prove that our scheme performs much better and incurs very less memory, computation and communication overhead as compared to the existing key management schemes.

Survey on Wormhole Attack Detection Techniques in Mobile Ad-hoc Network

Ad-hoc Network (MANET) exposes itself to wide range of security attacks due to its broadcast nature and lack of central authority, wormhole attack is one of devastating attack that can easily be launched by attacker without the knowledge of the network of compromising any legitimate nodes or cryptographic mechanisms.Here a malicious node can drop, delay, tunneling or replay the packets depending nature of the attack.As malicious nodes in wormhole attack hide their original identity and they do not compromise any node so detection of this attack is difficult.In this paper several detection techniques of wormhole attack in a MANET are discussed that uses on demand AODV or DSR routing protocol. The result shows comparison between different wormhole attack detection techniques.

Performance Evaluation of Advanced OLSRagainst Black Hole Attack and WormholeAttack in MANET

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an autonomous system which consists of a collection of selfconfigurable mobile node connected through wireless links. This kind of network is also known as infrastructure less networks. These networks have no centralized administration. Security is a major issue in MANET. Black hole attack and wormhole attack are the most severe attacks those occur in MANET. It is difficult to detect those attacks. In this paper, we analyze the nature of black hole attack and wormhole attack in mobile ad hoc network. Analyzing the attacks, we propose a mechanism called Advanced OLSR (AOLSR) protocol is acts as the proactive routing protocol as its nature. The experiment results show that our protocol achieve routing security with 22% increase in packet delivery ratio, 27% reduction in packet loss rate, 42% increase in throughput and 69% reduction in packet end to end delay than standard OLSR.

Effect Analysis of Black Hole Attack of AODV Protocol in MANET using Table Driven Approach

ABSTRACT MANET is a wireless network that allows user to communicate and transfer information without using any infrastructure and irrespective of their location. They are very useful for home uses, for military uses etc. Though they are very useful in day to day life, major threats are also there to attack over it; some of them are wormhole attack, denial of service, eavesdropping etc. Black Hole attack is one of the major attacks on MANET. In this research paper, the effect of black hole over the network is evaluated by varying certain values of the network like number of nodes, pause time, area and speed. This paper shows that despite of presence of black hole in the network, the increament and decrement of certain values also affect the performance of MANET. For this, a table has been used which stores all the values of the parameters with and without black hole in the network obtaining by variations among the several values. Before and after values are stored which are afterwards will use for the analysis of the performance of the protocol. The protocol used in this paper is AODV (Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector) protocol.

Survey on Intrusion Detection System for Wireless Ad-hoc Network

s suffer from performance and security issues. Many contributions have been proposed but they are not sufficient to enhance the security and performance. Therefore the presented paper investigate techniques of wormhole attack deployment over wireless ad hoc network, and efforts made to avoid these attack .Finally a new IDS is presented for securing network as well as improving the performance in terms of routing overhead and throughput. KeywordsWormhole Attack, EAACK IDS, Delay per Hop, Hop count.

A brief Analysis on Detection and Avoidance Techniques of Wormhole Attack in MANET

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANETs) is a temporary wireless network, which is self-configuring in which nodes moves freely and continuously. It consists of a collection of wireless mobile nodes which dynamically exchange data among themselves without the reliance on a fixed base station or a wired resolution network. Due to its mobility and self-routing effective nature, there are many deficiencies in its security. Various security threats show their impact at different layer. Wormhole attack is a network layer attack observed in MANET, which completely disrupts the communication channel. Among all of security thread worm hole is consider to be a very serious security thread over MANET. In wormhole two selfish node which is geographically very far away to each other, makes tunnel between each other to cover their actual location and try to believe that they are true neighbours and makes conversation through the wormhole tunnel. The goal of this paper to study wormhole attack, some detection methods and different techniques to prevent network from these attacks. General Terms Your general terms must be any term which can be used for general classification of the submitted material such as Pattern Recognition, Security, Algorithms et. al.

A Survey on Different Modes of Wormhole Attack and it’s Countermeasures in MANET

A Survey on Different Modes of Wormhole Attack and it’s Countermeasures in MANET

A TWO TIER APPROACH FOR PREVENTING BLACK HOLE ATTACK AND IMPROVING EFFICIENCY

One of the most emerging and trending in the field of networking is secure routing to overcome many hindrances that are occurring in day to day lives. Thus providing efficient mechanisms for such networks is the most challenging one. MANET’s (Mobile Adhoc Networks) are a combination of several independent nodes without any fixed infrastructure, dynamic topology, battery constraints, and lack of centralized mechanism, because of its architecture/outlier they are more vulnerable to various kinds of passive and active attacks, such as black hole attack, grey hole attack, wormhole attack. Providing/Implementing a multi tier/two tier security mechanism helps in elevating such kinds of active attacks to some extent.

Hybrid Protocol for Handling Security using SBPGP

ad hoc network is part of wireless networks which is formed by collection of two or more nodes moving in an arbitrary manner. The nodes are self organizing, adaptive, infrastructure less and has dynamic topology. Hence due to high mobility and multipath propagation network is vulnerable to attacks. There are many types of MANET like VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network), SPANs (Smart Phone Ad hoc Networks), iMANET (Internet based Mobile Ad hoc Network), Tactical MANET. There are various attacks that can be possible on MANET like Denial of Service attack, Black hole attack, Wormhole attack, Sybil attack etc which can disturb the communication between the nodes. So today's requirement is to provide secure and authentic communication in MANET. For small network security is not a big issue but for large or complex network security should be provided in large extent. To provide security for complex networks in the network using a technique Seniority Based Pretty Good Privacy (SBPGP) is used. KeywordsBlack hole attack, DOS, MANET, Network Security, SBPGP.

A Novel Approach to Detect and Prevent Wormhole Attack in Wireless Sensor Network

In our previous study [1] we discussed about Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and also about wormhole attacks, those are possible in wireless sensor network. In this presented work the previously performed work is extended to find an optimum solution for the wormhole link prevention in the wireless sensor network. The proposed technique discover alternative route to the target node. Because the shortest path can has the malicious attacker. The implementation of the secure route discovery protocol is performed using NS2 and by modification of the AODV routing protocol. Finally the performance of the protocol is measured in terms of throughput. That demonstrates the effectiveness of the presented routing protocol.

Unique-preorder-node Based DV-Hop Localization against Wormhole Attack for Wireless Sensor Networks

DV-Hop is a range-free localization algorithm widely applied in wireless sensor network. Wormhole attack is one of the most serious attacks on DV-Hop. Previous solutions are mainly based on location leash and time leash which need hardware support, while the rest of the mechanisms without hardware support often require a higher ratio of beacon nodes and very complex operations. In this paper, we have analyzed the impact of the wormhole attack on the DV-Hop location algorithm. When the DV-Hop is invaded by the wormhole attack, the probability of the wormhole attack tunnel to be the shortest path is the biggest of all. Then we put forward the PDWA wormhole attack detection algorithm based on the Unique Preorder Node (UPN). It analyses the number of UPN and relationship through the statistics, detects the wormhole attack nodes without hardware support, and its computational complexity is also not high. The simulation results show that our proposed location scheme can fully detect the wormhole attacker. The obtained positioning accuracy is almost the same as the DV-Hop without a wormhole attack. What’s more, after it is applied to the improved MHDV-Hop algorithm, we also achieved a perfect effect. So the results fully show that our proposed scheme can resist the influence of the wormhole attack on DV-Hop.

Distributed Wormhole Detection Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor Network (WSN) is currently emerging as an effective approach for numerous applications such as industrial and surveillance applications. However, several security issues inhibit the performance of the wireless sensor network. The wormhole attacks weaken the performance gain of the coding system. This paper proposes a wormhole geographic distributed detection (WGDD) algorithm using a hop technique to detect the wormhole attacks. The proposed WGDD algorithm utilizes a hop system as a test methodology, recreates nearby hubs utilizing multidimensional scaling at every hub, and uses a novel “diameter” gimmick to recognize the attack delivered by wormholes. The key preference of the calculation is that it detects wormhole attack and remove the attacker. In the proposed system, nodes can be created dynamically and are connected during the file transfer. The proposed algorithm is better than other wormhole detection algorithms, since it does not require anchoring nodes and any additional hardware.

An Approach to Detect Wormhole Attack in AODV based MANET

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Wormhole Attack Detection Algorithms in Wireless Network Coding Systems

Network coding has been shown to be an effective approach to improve the wireless system performance. However, many security issues impede its wide deployment in practice. Besides the well-studied pollution attacks, there is another severe threat, that of wormhole attacks, which undermines the performance gain of network coding. Since the underlying characteristics of network coding systems are distinctly different from traditional wireless networks, the impact of wormhole attacks and countermeasures are generally unknown. In this paper, we quantify wormholes' devastating harmful impact on network coding system performance through experiments. We first propose a centralized algorithm to detect wormholes and show its correctness rigorously. For the distributed wireless network, we propose DAWN, a Distributed detection Algorithm against Wormhole in wireless Network coding systems, by exploring the change of the flow directions of the innovative packets caused by wormholes. We rigorously prove that DAWN guarantees a good lower bound of successful detection rate. We perform analysis on the resistance of DAWN against collusion attacks. We find that the robustness depends on the node density in the network, and prove a necessary condition to achieve collusion-resistance. DAWN does not rely on any location information, global synchronization assumptions or special hardware/middleware. It is only based on the local information that can be obtained from regular network coding protocols, and thus the overhead of our algorithms is tolerable. Extensive experimental results have verified the effectiveness and the efficiency of DAWN.