Wormhole Attack Research Articles

Mitigation of Wormhole Attack using Exclusive Algorithms in Manets

Mitigation of Wormhole Attack using Exclusive Algorithms in Manets

AN EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR ELIMINATING THE SYBIL, SINKHOLE AND WORMHOLE ATTACK IN WSN

A WSN having the extensive collection of sensor nodes which are able to sensing, processing and communicating they helps the base station to send and received information according to the situation in a meticulous environment. WSNs are susceptible in security area, there may be so many malicious activities are possible in the network. When some security attack occurs into the network, an IDS is used to distinguish the malicious nodes into the network as early as possible and generate some alert to take further action against malicious nodes. WSN is the extensive area of network, where lots of work done regarding security. Although, security is not fully preserve in WSN so in existing technique there are plenty of issues. By using Mac- duration they only recognize wormhole attack not all mention attack. This work done only when three way hand shaking happen but due to mobility network scenario change. There is no technique to prevent attacks. To resolve these difficulties, we performed some scenario to intercept the network from the wormhole, Sybil and sinkhole attack.

Dealing with Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Through Discovering Separate Routes Between Nodes

One of the most common attacks against Wireless Sensor Networks is the wormhole attack. In this attack, the enemy deploys two malicious nodes in two different areas of the network and establishes a high-speed dedicated channel between these two. This will cause the normal nodes in two different areas wrongly think that they are two-hop neighbors. Therefore, this attack will greatly affect the routing algorithms. In this paper, a new distributed algorithm is provided to deal with the wormhole attack. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to discover separate routes between pairs of two-hop neighboring nodes. The proposed algorithm was implemented and evaluated in terms of true and false detection rate by performing a series of experiments and the results were compared with the base algorithm. The test results showed that the proposed algorithm has desirable efficacy.

Dealing with Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Through Discovering Separate Routes Between Nodes

Dealing with Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Through Discovering Separate Routes Between Nodes

Design of Distributed Approach for Wormhole Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Design of Distributed Approach for Wormhole Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wormhole Attack Detection Technique in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A wormhole attack is harmful attack against routing protocols in ad hoc network where node attracts packets from one location and retransmits them to other location using long range link within the network. A wormhole attack can be easily launched between two attacker nodes without compromising the mobile nodes. Most of routing protocols don't have any defending technique against wormhole activities; so in the presence of attacker nodes malicious activities may occur and disrupt network communication by tamper the data or forward the message to unknown location of the network to disrupt it functionality. Several routing protocols have been proposed to defend against wormhole attack in mobile ad hoc networks by adapting synchronization clocks, GPS or any special hardware. In this research article, we proposed a novel wormhole detection technique which identifies the wormhole link by calculating the maximum end to end delay between two nodes within the communication range. Mobile nodes do not need to be equipped with GPS, clock synchronized or any other type of special hardware. The simulation results prove that proposed scheme detects wormhole attack.

An Approach to Threats, Analysis and Avoidance of Wormhole Attacks

As versatile specially appointed network applications are deployed; security develops as a focal prerequisite. In this paper, we present the wormhole assault, a serious assault in specially appointed networks that is especially testing to shield against. The wormhole assault is conceivable regardless of the possibility that the assailant has not compromised any hosts, and regardless of the possibility that all correspondence gives authenticity and classification. In the wormhole assault, an aggressor records parcels (or bits) at one area in the network, burrows them (potentially specifically) to another area, and retransmits them there into the network. The wormhole assault can shape a genuine danger in wireless networks, particularly against numerous specially appointed network steering conventions and area based wireless security frameworks. For instance, most existing specially appointed network directing conventions, without some instrument to protect against the wormhole assault, would be not able discover courses longer than may be a couple bounces, extremely upsetting correspondence. We introduce a general system, called bundle chains, for identifying and in this way safeguarding against wormhole assaults, and we exhibit a particular convention, called TIK, that executes chains. We additionally examine topology-based wormhole location, and demonstrate that it is outlandish for these ways to deal with distinguish some wormhole topologies.

Comprehensive Study of Selective Forwarding Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks

- In present scenario, the fastest and cheapest way of communicating worldwide is via networks. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become extensive part of many areas like traffic surveillance, defense, asset tracking, healthcares, structural monitoring of building and bridges and environmental monitoring of air, water and soil. The emergence of WSNs in today’s technological world has lead to the need of secured and safeguarded transmission of data over networks. WSNs have issues like low memory and limited battery availability, so conventional security establishments are not effective here. A number of attacks are possible over WSNs like black hole, wormhole and selective forwarding attack. Selective forwarding attack is a special case of black hole attack where compromised nodes drop packets selectively. This leads to degradation of network performance. In this paper we will review some important attacks over WSNs with possible ways to detect and defend selective forwarding attack

Secured Self Organizing Network Architecture in Wireless Personal Networks

Secured self organizing network is an approach to computer network architecture that seeks to address the technical issues in heterogeneous networks that may lack continuous network connectivity. In delay tolerant network packets storage exists when there is any link breakage between the nodes in the network so delay is tolerable in this type of network during the data transmission. But this delay is not tolerable in wireless network for voice packet transmission. This evokes the use of wireless networks. In a network, different wireless network topologies are interoperating with each other so the communication across the network is called overlay network. This network is vulnerable to attacks due to mobile behaviour of nodes and frequent changes in topologies of the network. The attacks are wormhole attack and blackhole attack is analysed in this paper. They are critical threats to normal operation in wireless networks which results in the degradation of the network performance. The proposed recovery algorithm for wormhole and the isolation of blackhole will increase the performance of the network. The performance metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, end–end delay and routing overhead of the network are evaluated.

A Review on Security Issues and Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are networks of tiny sensors that are deployed randomly in various geographic conditions to collect information about the environment. The main function of sensor nodes is to gather the data from the environment and send the assembled data to the base station. Since these nodes are deployed in an unattended environment, they are prone to the security attacks. Security is the main threat for wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we have discussed various security attacks like DoS, Sybil attack, sinkhole, wormhole, Hello flood and selective forwarding attack. The attacks are categorized into two categories viz. goal oriented and layer oriented attacks. Goal oriented attacks are furtherclassified as active and passive attacks. Active attacks are more dangerous whereas passive attacks are passive in nature and do not modify any information. Furthermore, the mechanisms to prevent these attacks are also discussed.

Graph-Based Energy Supportive Routing Protocol to Resist Wormhole Attack in Mobile Adhoc Network

With the evolution of numerous secure routing protocols in mobile adhoc network, there is a tradeoff between the security effectiveness against wormhole attack and energy required to support execution of such security protocols using cryptographic approaches. This paper discusses about a novel routing protocol that offers higher degree of energy conservation when exchanging routing information and at the same time offers a joint usage of unicast, multicast and broadcasting services for faster routing update as well as faster communication establishment required from security viewpoint. The presented solution enhances multicast routing and develops a novel control message. It also rectifies the problems of an intermittent links owing to dynamic topology using graph-based approach. Compared with existing routing protocol, the proposed system offers better conservation of energy and satisfactory communication performance in mobile ad-hoc network.

DAWA: Defending against wormhole attack in MANETs by using fuzzy logic and artificial immune system

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are mobile networks, which are automatically outspread on a geographically limited region, without requiring any preexisting infrastructure. Mostly, nodes are both self-governed and self-organized without requiring a central monitoring. Because of their distributed characteristic, MANETs are vulnerable to a particular routing misbehavior, called wormhole attack. In wormhole attack, one attacker node tunnels packet from its position to the other attacker nodes. Such wormhole attack results in a fake route with fewer hop count. If source node selects this fictitious route, attacker nodes have the options of delivering the packets or dropping them. For this reason, this paper proposes an improvement over AODV routing protocol to design a wormhole-immune routing protocol. The proposed protocol called defending against wormhole attack (DAWA) employs fuzzy logic system and artificial immune system to defend against wormhole attacks. DAWA is evaluated through extensive simulations in the NS-2 environment. The results show that DAWA outperforms other existing solutions in terms of false negative ratio, false positive ratio, detection ratio, packet delivery ratio, packets loss ratio and packets drop ratio.

Detection and Prevention of Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Detection and Prevention of Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Computationally Intelligent Approach to the Detection of Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Computationally Intelligent Approach to the Detection of Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Simulation Based Comparative Study of Routing Protocols Under Wormhole Attack in Manet

A Mobile Ad hoc network (manet) has emerged as an autonomous, multi-hop, wireless and temporary type of network which works within the constraints like bandwidth, power and energy. Manet can be observed as an open type of network where nodes become a part of any network at any time that’s why it is susceptible to different types of attacks. Wormhole attack is most threatening security attack in ad hoc network where an attacker node receives packet at one location and replay them at other location which is remotely located far. In this paper, we study and compare the performance of AODV, DSR and ZRP under the impact of multiple wormhole attacker nodes. Diverse scenarios are characterized as like average of 50 runs and mobility. By statistical placement of multiple wormhole nodes across the network, we evaluate the performance in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, packet loss, average end to end delay and jitter. Finally based on the simulation we investigated the most affected routing protocol in terms of network metrics.

DelPHIX: A Simple and Efficient Mechanism for Wormhole Detection in Ad Hoc Networks

Data transmission in a mobile ad hoc network is performed within an untrusted wireless environment. It is subjected to many kinds of security attacks. In a wormhole attack, two malicious nodes work together to tunnel packets from one to the other, making other nodes perceive a path to have a smaller hop count. We identify two types of wormhole attacks. In the first type, malicious nodes do not expose themselves in route finding process and legitimate nodes do not know their existence. In the second type, malicious nodes do create route advertisements and legitimate nodes are aware of the existence of malicious nodes, just do not know they are malicious. Existing solutions usually can identify only one kind of attacks. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient detection method called DelPHIX. Byobserving the delays of different paths to the receiver, the sender is able to detect both kinds of wormhole attacks. This method requires neither synchronized clocks nor special hardware to be equipped in mobile nodes. The performance of DelPHIX is justified by simulations.

Balance Cluster Routing Algorithm for Expanding Wireless Networks (BaCRA-EWN)

Objectives: The wireless routing model has been specifically designed for the energy efficient and secure routing among the ad-hoc networks. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed ad-hoc routing model is designed to remove the possibility of the connectivity holes, which may be produced due to the false network route injections or due to the wormhole or blackhole attacks. In this paper, a robust connectivity integrity assurance (CIA) model has been proposed based upon the genetic algorithm in order to realize the highly flexible blackhole avoidance model. Findings: The proposed model has been tested over the standard wireless ad-hoc network topology for the performance based assessment of the wireless network performance under the security paradigm where the parameters of maximum throughput, end-to-end transmission delay, and overall network load, etc. The proposed model has been found efficient under all of the experiments, and have clearly outperformed the existing paradigms and security models for the secure routing over wireless ad-hoc platforms. Application/Improvements: The proposed model has been specifically designed for the energy efficient, lifetime enhancement and higher order security and privacy of the data over the ad-hoc networks.

ESSPR: an efficient secure routing scheme based on searchable encryption with vehicle proxy re-encryption for vehicular peer-to-peer social network

In this paper, we propose an Efficient Secure routing Scheme based on searchable encryption with vehicle Proxy Re-encryption, called ESSPR, for achieving privacy preservation of message in vehicular peer-to-peer social network (VP2PSN). Specifically, the proposed ESSPR scheme consists of six phases: system initializations phase, peer registration phase, document generation phase, document forwarding phase, vehicle proxy re-encryption phase, and document receiving phase. Based on rationale of QoS-based clustering strategy, public key encryption with keyword search, identity based aggregate signature, and proxy re-encryption, ESSPR provides privacy for keyword, privacy for resources, and authentication and data integrity of the demand’s source. In addition, ESSPR is robust against eavesdropping attack, wormhole attack, packet analysis attack, packet tracing attack, and replay attack. Through performance evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of ESSPR in terms of delivery ratio, average delay, average fairness, and detection ratio under malicious peers proportions in VP2PSN.

Modified AODV Routing Protocol in Order to Defend Wormhole Attacks

Modified AODV Routing Protocol in Order to Defend Wormhole Attacks

Agent‐based secure routing for underwater acoustic sensor networks

SummaryThe underwater networks have severe security implications and are vulnerable to various types of attacks such as selective forwarding, wormhole, and sinkhole. Neighbor discovery, a fundamental requirement for routing is vulnerable to wormhole attack, which enables false neighbor acceptance, thereby degrading the routing performance. The proposed agent‐based secured routing scheme enhances the quality of service by discovering the wormhole resilient secure neighbors and route the information through the secure path. This scheme uses 4 agencies, namely, security, routing, underwater gateway, and vehicle, which are embedded with static and mobile agents. (1) Agents in security agency of a node discover secured neighbors by using the direction of arrival estimation and authentication, (2) agents in routing agency of a node establish secured routes from source to surface gateway, (3) agents in Underwater Gateway Agency communicate with Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and underwater nodes for key distribution, and (4) vehicle traversing agency in AUV coordinates with Underwater Gateway Agency for changing AUVs traversal to cover the isolated network area. The proposed scheme depicts the improved performance compared to basic neighbor discovery and channel aware routing protocol in terms of failure detection, energy consumption, and overheads.