World Of Research Research Articles

Environmental impact of the vibration generated by the underwater shaking table of the National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NFEES)

Earthquake simulation shaking tables serve as the valuable tools for investigating the seismic performance of structures, yet they can generate excessive vibrations in surrounding environments during operation. The National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NFEES) in China, which is currently in the commissioning phase, will be the world's largest earthquake simulation research facility. Its experimental center consists of a 16 m × 16 m shaking table and two 6 m × 6 m underwater shaking tables (one movable). This study aims to investigate the environmental impact of the vibration generated by the fixed underwater shaking table. Initially, the vibrations of the surrounding ground, shaking table foundations, and adjacent simulation center are tested using the sinusoidal full-load and full-acceleration excitations generated by the shaking table. Upon analyzing the test results, it is observed that the peak ground acceleration (PGA) in the short side direction of foundation attenuates rapidly for high-frequency loading, with a maximum acceleration attenuation up to 55.95 % at distances of 0 m–20 m. The maximum acceleration of the foundation occurs at the edge of the shaking table and significant differences in acceleration are observed at various points across the foundation. The VLZmax of the simulation center is 66.85 dB, which is lower than the limit requirements of the Chinese standard GB55016. Subsequently, an overall finite element model of the surrounding soil-shaking table foundations-adjacent simulation center is established. Following the validation of the numerical model, the vibration isolation efficiency of the adjacent river course and the foundation isolation joint that separates the large shaking table foundation from the underwater shaking table foundation are assessed. Compared to the test results, numerical results show relatively minor discrepancies in the peak acceleration of the ground and the foundation, with maximum errors of 24.59 % and 21.11 %, respectively. The river course and the foundation isolation joint demonstrate better vibration isolation performance for short-wavelength waves, with a maximum vibration isolation efficiency reaching 64.71 % and 63.56 %, respectively.

Cross-disease spillover from research funding: Evidence from four diseases

There is widespread appreciation for the role of research in addressing health problems. However, there is limited evidence on the extent to which research can be targeted to specific diseases. Analyses highlighting a concentration of research funding towards certain diseases have prompted growing scrutiny over the allocation of research funding. In this paper, we show that research funding targeted to a disease often results in publications relating to other diseases. Using data from the world's largest biomedical research funders, we estimated the frequency and direction of this cross-disease spillover by examining 337,573 grant–publication pairs for four diseases. We found the majority of our grant–publication pairs were cross-disease spillovers. We also found some variation between “rich” and “poor” diseases, in terms of the frequency and direction of cross-disease spillover. These differences are likely to be related to characteristics of the diseases themselves, as well as features of the research environment. One implication of frequent cross-disease spillover is that although more investment in areas of research such as neglected diseases is necessary, it may not be sufficient to improve the alignment between research funding and health needs.

The Risk of Oral Cancer and the High Consumption of Thermally Processed Meat Containing Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Compounds.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the consumption of heat-processed meat as a direct human carcinogen and the consumption of red meat as a probable carcinogen. Mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds present in meat dishes include, among others, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). These compounds can cause the development of gastrointestinal cancer. Oral cancer is one of the world's research priorities due to the ever-increasing incidence rate. However, the effect of diet on oral cancer is still a poorly recognized issue. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the risk of oral cancer and dietary ingredients with a particular emphasis on red meat and thermally processed meat. This study was conducted among patients with oral cancer in 2022 and 2023. The shortened standardized Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a multivariate regression statistical analysis were used. The high consumption of red meat in general and thermally processed meat, especially smoked, fried, roasted and boiled, increases the risk of oral cavity cancer. Limiting the consumption of meat products and modifying the methods of preparing meat dishes may reduce exposure to carcinogenic compounds from the diet and thus reduce the risk of developing oral cancer.

БІЛІМ БЕРУ САЛАСЫНДА ВИРТУАЛДЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРДЫ ҚОЛДАНУ ӨЗЕКТІЛІГІ

This article discusses the relevance of using virtual technologies, namely virtual reality (VR) technologies and virtual laboratories, and identifies scientists who have conducted research in this area. In addition, the article reviewed laboratories for the implementation of virtual online experience in the modern field of knowledge. The advantages and disadvantages of using virtual laboratories in training are given. Purpose: Organization of educational programs in accordance with modern requirements and improvement of motivation and focus of students, training of competitive specialists. Objectives: To study and analyze the state and relevance of the use of virtual technologies in the field of education. As a general discussion, the reflections of a number of Russian scientists on virtual laboratories are given. The influence of virtual laboratories on the direction of improving the cognitive process of students is described. The structure of a virtual laboratory created by scientists is proposed, using the example of which the stages of creating such innovative and large-scale software complexes based on virtual technologies are shown. The conditions and status of the use of virtual technologies in the universities of our country were determined. The possibilities of using virtual technologies in the field of education are revealed. The basics of using virtual reality as a teaching tool used in education are presented. The world's research on virtual reality conducted in recent years was cited. A survey was conducted at universities in Kazakhstan in order to determine the level of use of virtual laboratories and appropriate conclusions were drawn based on the results of the survey.

Assessment of innovative potential of farmers and homestead land owners

In the conditions of globalization, ensuring the food security of the population in the world community, based on the sustainable development of agriculture, requires the sector to be flexible to the external changing environment, to be effective in various innovations and scientific and technical development. Therefore, in the world's prestigious scientific research institutions, scientific research is being carried out in such directions as the introduction of innovative methods of agricultural production, the organization of non-traditional production and the production of environmentally friendly agricultural products to ensure the food security of the population. In particular, special attention is paid to scientific research aimed at solving problems such as the organization of vertical agricultural production on small land areas, the creation of disease-resistant and competitive varieties and hybrids in farming, and the introduction of resource-saving high-efficiency innovative technologies. In this article, the innovative activities of farms and homesteads operating in Kashkadarya region were studied and the innovative potential index of farms and homestead landowners in the regions was determined based on 5 indicators.

Research funding for newborn health and stillbirths, 2011–20: a systematic analysis of levels and trends

Worldwide, an estimated 4·4 million newborn deaths and stillbirths occurred in 2020, and 98% of these deaths occurred in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to analyse new research grants for newborns and stillbirth awarded by major funders in 2019-20, and all research funding allocated to LMIC-based institutions in 2011-20. For this systematic analysis, we searched Dimensions, the world's largest research funding database, for grants relevant to neonatal and stillbirth research. Included grants were categorised by in-depth content analysis, with descriptive quantitative analyses by funder and recipient countries, research pipeline, topic, and year. Globally, in 2019-20, major funders awarded a mean annual total of US$577·1 million per year for newborn and stillbirth research (mean total of 550 grants per year). $166·3 million (28·8%) of $577·1 million was directed to small and vulnerable newborn research, but only $8·4 million (1·5%) was directed to stillbirth research. The majority of funding, $537·0 million (93·0%), was allocated to organisations based in high-income countries. Between 2011 and 2020, LMIC-based recipients were named on 1985 grants from all funders worth $486·7 million, of which $73·1 million (15·0%) was allocated to small and vulnerable newborn research and $12·0 million (2·5%) was allocated to stillbirth research. Most LMIC funding supported preclinical or observational studies ($236·8 million [48·7%] of $486·7 million), with implementation research receiving only $13·9 million (2·9%). Although investment in research related to neonatal health and stillbirths has increased between 2011 and 2020, there are marked disparities in distribution geographically, between major causes of mortality, and among research pipeline types. Stillbirth research received minimal funding in both high-income countries and LMICs, despite a similar number of deaths compared with neonates. Direct investment in LMIC-led research, especially for implementation research, could accelerate the slow global progress on stillbirth prevention and newborn survival. None. For the French, German and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

The evolution of ScotRIGHT: The first pan-Scotland physician trainee research network.

Scotland has a distinguished track record in foundational clinical research. From the completion of the first clinical trial undertaken in scurvy to cloning the world's first whole mammal, Scottish basic and clinical research is world leading. More recently, challenges in access to research skills, funding and programmes by clinical trainees led to the development of alternatives to these typical avenues of accessing research opportunities. Trainee networks evolved to meet the needs of trainees looking to access projects and collaboratives beyond audit and quality improvement commonly performed during structured training. These networks have enjoyed enormous success and have succeeded in progressing projects which have impactful outputs for patients, and improving clinical services. Here, we describe the foundation of the first pan-Scotland physician trainee research network; Scottish Trainees Research In Gastroterology and Hepatology (ScotRIGHT). We outline the foundational efforts, requisites and foundations required to develop a research network.

President Biden Chooses Monica M. Bertagnolli, MD, to Lead the NIH

President Biden Chooses Monica M. Bertagnolli, MD, to Lead the NIH

A commentary on key methodological developments related to nutritional life cycle assessment (nLCA) generated throughout a 6-year strategic scientific programme.

Rothamsted Research (RRes) is the world's oldest agricultural research centre, notable for the development of the first synthetic fertilizer (superphosphate) and long-term farming experiments (LTEs) spanning over 170 years. In 2015, RRes recruited several life cycle assessment (LCA) experts and began adopting the method to utilize high resolution agronomical data covering livestock (primarily ruminants), grassland/forage productivity and quality, and arable systems established on its North Wyke Farm Platform (NWFP) and the LTEs. The NWFP is a UK 'National Bioscience Research Infrastructure' (NBRI) developed for informing and testing systems science utilising high-resolution data to determine whether it is possible to produce nutritious food sustainably. Thanks largely to the multidisciplinary knowledge at RRes, and its collaborators, its LCA Team has been at the forefront of methodological advances during a 6-year Institute Strategic Programme (ISP) 'Soil-to-Nutrition' (S2N). While S2N investigated the co-benefits and trade-offs of new mechanistic understanding of efficient nutrient use across scales from pot to landscape, this commentary specifically synthesizes progress in incorporating human nutrition in the context of environmental footprinting, known as 'nutritional LCA' (nLCA). We conclude our commentary with a brief discussion on future pathways of exploration and methodological developments covering various activities along entire agri-food supply-chains.

The Wellcome Trust: new funding for mental health science.

The Wellcome Trust: new funding for mental health science.

Understanding China's construction of an academic integrity system: A grounded theory study on national level policies

AbstractAcademic integrity has long been an issue of concern to the academic community, and in recent years has attracted attention worldwide. As the country with the world's largest research output, especially as shown during the recent pandemic, China is actively working to combat academic misconduct. To explore China's initiatives and actions in this regard, 75 Chinese official policies from the national level were collected, analysed and reviewed. Based on the policy text, this study examines the construction of the academic integrity system in China. Through grounded theory and text analysis methods, six parts of the policy system were identified: current status, goals and objectives, polycentric governance, cultural‐cognitive measures, normative measures and regulative measures. The results show the specific measures taken by China with regards to each part and indicate that an academic integrity system has been formed in China.

Evolution tumour models paving the way for understanding oral carcinogenesis.

Throughout the centuries, the world's outstanding scientists and research groups have gathered their efforts to characterise the initiation and progression of malignant neoplasms. The temporal dissection of tumourigenesis provided by phylogenetic studies is one of the milestones in understanding cancer; however, some black boxes are still unsolved. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the leading cancer of the head and neck region. Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) may precede oral cancer and, occasionally, be clinically evident as white, red or mixed mucosal lesions, called oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). In a stepwise view of oral carcinogenesis, OED and OPMD have been considered harbingers of oral cancer. Nevertheless, the malignant transformation of OPMD is a rare event. Most of these disorders remain benign and can even regress, making it challenging to formulate evolutionary hypotheses for OSCC initiation. Deciphering OED evolution is vital to highlight the potential drivers of oral carcinogenesis and molecular targets for OSCC preventative and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review synthesises the main concepts of evolutionary theories and discusses which of them better explains OED development and malignant transformation.

ChemSystemsChem – On the Up and Up

<i>ChemSystemsChem</i> – On the Up and Up

Strava, the Aspirational Sport and its Impact on Mental Health

Numerous scientific studies have observed how digital social networks significantly affect the users' mental health. This research sought to investigate whether new sports technology tools, which record multiple activity data but also enhance social interaction within digital communities, have a detrimental effect on athletes' emotional health as they are under the pressure of constant self-improvement due to social scrutiny. Strava has become the world's largest sports community and research is largely focused on its users.

CERN Future Circular Collider – the Mining the Future competition

AbstractCERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) is the world's largest research centre for high‐energy and particle physics. The research infrastructure contributed to the greatest successes in the field of experimental physics. A new, approximatively 91 km long subsurface infrastructure connected to the existing particle accelerator complex is being conceived in the frame of the Future Circular Collider. It would serve a global community of researchers with two subsequently operated particle colliders until the end of the 21st century. Even at an early stage of such a project, comprehensive investigations have to be carried out into the nature of the subsoil in order to find an optimal utilisation strategy for the excavated material in accordance with the national and international regulations in order to promote the recycling of excavated tunnel material in terms of resource conservation and the improvement of the sustainability of underground construction projects.

Architecture Fibrous Meso-Porous Silica Spheres as Enhanced Adsorbent for Effective Capturing for CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Gas

The increase in exhaust of CO2 gas has created a undesirable change into atmosphere, which leads to global warming and unfavourable climatic change. Therefore capturing for CO2 gas has become a global anxiety. Coal-mine stations generate the majority of the world's electricity, Stakeholders environmentalists, and Researchers have paid close attention to CO2 capturing using combustion technology using a variety of technological alternatives such as membrane separation, adsorption, absorption, and chemical loop combustion in presence and absence of oxygen. Meso, Micro and porous adsorbents can be used to collect carbon from exhaust gases. Carbonaceous MOF and non-carbonaceous and mesoporous adsorbent for CO2 capturing under various pore size and surface area are discussed in this study. The mesoporous adsorbents and non-carbonaceous micro are also being studied in chemical loop combustion with in situ CO2 capture at elevated heat (&gt;400 °C). The mechanics of adsorption, material properties, and synthesis techniques are all explored. Isosteric temperatures and characterization approaches are discussed. The prospects for improving the techno-economic feasibility of carbon capturing systems by combining them with CO2 to create industrial essential compounds such as ammonia and urea are investigated.

Health Care Science—Why another journal and why we will be different?

<i>Health Care Science</i>—Why another journal and why we will be different?

WEO newsletter

<scp>WEO</scp> newsletter

Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF).

Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF).

Preface

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2021 12th Asia Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ACMAE) on December 29-31th, 2021, which is planned to hold in Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China. However, Since the outbreak of the global covid-19 pandemic, it has been a challenge for the academic community to organize international conferences due to travel restrictions. Considering the safety of the participants. This time we have decided to take the conference with combination of online and offline. ACMAE 2021 is dedicated to issues related to the advancement of all Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering topics.Mechanical Engineering of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, as the host of ACMAE 2021 attaches great importance to international academic exchanges and joint talent training, and has established cooperative relations with Baumann Moscow State Technical University, Samara State University and etc. Series of conferences have been organized as International Conference on Mechanical and Electrical Systems and Testing Technology, International Forum on Special Equipment and Engineering Mechanics, etc.We have honor to invite Prof. K.A. Neusypin and Prof. Chen Xiong served as the chairman of the conference respectively. In recent years, ACMAE has been successfully organized online in Yokohama, Japan (2017), Singapore (2018), Bangkok, Thailand (2019), and 2020, with the support of Japan National Defense University, and Chulalongkorn University and etc. respectively. The conference aims to build an annual academic exchange platform, focusing on the scientific research and discussion in the field of aerospace in Asia, promoting the exchange and cooperation between Asian scholars, and showing the booming development of aerospace in Asia to the world.The conference invited two top international experts and three top domestic experts in the field of aerospace to deliver keynote speeches, including Professor Genxiang Xia from university of Delaware and IEEE Member. Professor Qu Ronghai, member of degree Committee, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Professor Luling An, expert of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Prof. Wu Weitao, Professor of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, member of the Committee of Physics and Aerodynamics of Chinese Society of Aerodynamics; Professor Maria Selezneva, Deputy Head of The Department of Instrument Engineering and Technology, Bauman State Technical University, Moscow, Russia. Each speaker has delivered the speech more than 30 minutes. In addition, more than 100 experts and scholars from the world's top research institutes of aerospace technology, including Samara University in Russia, as well as domestic senior research institutes of aerospace technology, including Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, National University of Defense Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Xiamen University, attended the conference.This conference proceeding, contains a collection of research papers, organized as chapters, presented at ACMAE 2021. This publication, containing the conference proceedings, documents and presentations made at ACMAE 2021, is the result of the creative work of their authors and of a highly selective peer-review process.We are also grateful to colleagues for committing their active participation and promoting the conference during this difficult time. In this specific time, although we are not able to meet, I believe online conferences like these would shorten the distance between people, reduce spending and inconvenience on the way. Wish to see all of you in next year conference.Conference ChairProf. Xiong ChenACMAE 2021List of titles Organizing Committees are available in this Pdf.