Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump UNESCO World Heritage Site (HSIBJ) is a buffalo jump site that was in use for at least 6,000 years, and perhaps longer as renewed excavations are showing. The durative power of the site suggests a level of cultural continuity that is relatively unparalleled through world history. Despite technological, environmental, and cultural changes over that time, the way that the jump was used remained relatively consistent. The durative power of the site can be understood by the application of theoretical models that have been used to explain social complexity elsewhere in North America. HSIBJ functioned as a keystone site over this long period, a site in which embedded knowledge functioned as a kind of social surplus. This embedded knowledge is one marker of the heterarchical social complexity evident amongst the users of HSIBJ.

The starting point for this article is the significant absence of Eastern European art and artists from major international art venues and narratives, highlighting their persistent marginalisation. It also reveals a systemic neglect of this region in the post–Cold War context, arguing for the reposition of Eastern European art as a critical element in understanding diverse European art practices, which traditionally suffer from a binary perspective that contrasts the neoliberal capitalist West with the postsocialist East. In her article, the author also discusses the historical context of artistic exchanges, asserting that Western art has long been perceived as universal while Eastern art has been relegated to the periphery, aspiring for recognition yet facing continual exclusion. In the aftermath of the Cold War, interest in Eastern European art gradually diminished, further alienating it from significant platforms like international biennials and exhibitions. Despite a small number of artists who gained noteworthy prominence, the broader narrative around Eastern European art remains limited, often only transiently featuring a few artists in Western art histories. The article calls for a reassessment of Eastern European art, particularly in light of the political and cultural upheavals that occurred in post–1989 Europe, which have continued to inform artistic practices and critical discourse into the 21st century. Notable references are made to several books that were published in the meantime. These books attempted to articulate the complexities of Eastern European art amidst significant geopolitical changes, aiming to bridge the gap in global art histories and recognition, although not always succeeding in it.

ABSTRACT Historians have situated the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War within global and state-centric narratives of Japan's ascent from an agricultural and regional state into an industrialised and imperial challenger to the Western international order. However, this article argues that a historiographical shift from state to nonstate, war to transwar, and urban to rural delineates a competing intellectual current that dislodged these two wars from the history of progress. The forgotten farmer activist and thinker Horii Kintarō (or Horii Ryōho, 1887–1938) provides a lens through which to illuminate this nonstate current and to identify a strand of agrarian thought that this article terms ‘Pan-Farmerism’ – a glocal vision of rural politics grounded in everyday peasant life and humanity's connection to soil. Its non-nationalist and earthly conception of farmer democracy challenged the liberal and imperial democracy of Japan by rooting itself in self-sufficiency, grassroots cooperatives, and mutual aid, which Horii enacted in rural Akita Prefecture. Unlike other pan-isms, Pan-Farmerism as an idea transcended race, ethnicity, religious creed, and the East/West binary by envisioning a transnational solidarity grounded in farmers, rather than in state-oriented or Marxist internationalisms. A transwar nonstate approach thus unveils qualitatively new ideas obscured by extant global, international, and national history.

Which forests for which biodiversity under climate change?

This article analyses how Brazil’s early Internet was represented in two distinct sectors of its cultural field: television drama and print journalism. Focusing on Glória Perez’s Explode Coração (Rede Globo, 1995–96) and Maria Ercília’s Netvox column in Folha de São Paulo, it applies Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory to explain how media institutions with different forms of autonomy and capital framed the same technological event. The comparison is not empirical excess but a theoretical strategy to reveal how field positions may condition representations of technology. While Globo presented the Internet as a space of emotional release and consumer aspiration, Folha approached it as a question of market forces versus the State and national dependency. Both cases show how long-standing beliefs in modernisation as redemption persisted under different guises. By identifying this continuity as a national doxa of modernisation, the article demonstrates how imported technologies become locally meaningful within Brazil’s field of cultural production. The study contributes to the global history of the Internet by showing how peripheral contexts rework technoscientific imaginaries according to their own symbolic hierarchies and historical aspirations.

Makeup is an important element of the fashionable body worldwide, but so far it has been largely overlooked by academia. The few histories published to date are Eurocentric/American in their perspective and most have been written for a general audience. This article starts with a brief overview of relevant literature and argues for a rigorous methodology in researching and writing makeup histories, in addition to careful reassessment of accepted narratives. It calls for global perspectives on the subject, introducing parallels and contrasts in the global histories and practices of makeup that are discussed in this special issue. Also reviewed are the prejudices inherent in makeup history – racism and misogyny – as well as its philosophical contradictions. Makeup was used medicinally yet it contained poisonous ingredients and may still do so. Its production and use are connected to contemporary debates about nature and artifice as well as concerns such as animal cruelty and sustainability.

ABSTRACT This afterword emphasizes how the Global Intellectual History of Social Movements shares the commitments of its subjects, historicizing their ideas in order to further their struggles. This has been a central component of Marxism, though the state socialisms of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have neglected this anti-dogmatic project. Moving from Marxism-Leninism to Sebastian Veg's discussion of the “Lennon Walls” of hand-written Post-it notes in the Hong Kong democracy movement, it highlights how women of color forged an intersectional feminism within and against the racist and transphobic leadership of movements discussed by Lotte Houwink ten Cate and Rosa Campbell. The afterword concludes that a global intellectual history of social movements should follow Gayatri Spivak and Dipesh Chakrabarty in holding a space for subaltern voices, even as they disrupt the intellectual history of the movements' white leadership, as well as the academic narratives we write about them.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a substantial and growing global health burden. Understanding, and predicting, its evolution in specific pathogens will help responses across scales from individual patient cases to large-scale policy. Here, we use global data on AMR features, predicted from 47k Klebsiella pneumoniae genomes, with hypercubic transition path sampling to infer the evolutionary pathways by which AMR features in K. pneumoniae (KpAMR) are acquired across 102 countries, territories, and areas. We identify "globally consistent" evolutionary behaviors that hold across countries, and "globally divergent" behaviors including carbapenem and fluoroquinolone resistance that vary across countries. We show how these divergent dynamics covary both with public health superregion and drug use policy, and reveal competing evolutionary pathways within and between countries. Using newly sequenced data across several decades from sub-Saharan Africa, we show that this inferred global roadmap of KpAMR evolution successfully predicts prospective evolutionary dynamics. Together, we hope that the ability to characterize and predict evolutionary dynamics of AMR acquisition, connected to socio-economic and drug policy predictors, will help strengthen our understanding of AMR evolution worldwide.

Roundtable: Methods, Identifications, and the Relationship between the Personal and the Scholarly in the Global Intellectual History of Social Movements

ABSTRACT The artistic façade of Vietnamese public architecture has been mostly overlooked since the colonial period in both theory and practice. The paper examines its evolution and contemporary revival within culture-based innovation. By looking at world history, the research affirms Vietnam’s façade as a mutable component, continuously reconciling foreign influences with indigenous culture. Using historical, aesthetic, and synthesis methods, the research schematizes Vietnamese architecture’s development process via three main stages: the bioclimatic vernacular, the Indochinese style, and the post-colonial modernist. The analysis points out a significant resurgence, not nostalgic mimicry, in the contemporary era, driven by sustainable cultural spaces and a critical re-engagement with tradition. The results clarify the fundamental façade’s characteristics, such as patterned cultural motifs, formal multi-layered mediation, and material ecological reproduction. The study comes to the conclusion that modern façades function as multi-purposeful skins, where ornamentation is turned into performance, promoting urban identity, harmonizing the surroundings, and communicating cultural narratives. The results contribute to creating a Vietnamese architectural identity that is appropriate for local culture as well as technological and ecological demands of the twenty-first century.

Prior scholarship has long debated whether The Love of Susan (Xin Yutangchun, the Grandview Film Company, 1954) was Hong Kong’s first widescreen production, as well as the widescreen process that the film used. This paper presents new evidence from Grandview’s obscure in-house journal, Grandview Movieland, to argue that the film was indeed Hong Kong’s first widescreen feature, but it was not shot in an anamorphic process like CinemaScope, rather was projected in ersatz widescreen. I further theorize how the ‘ersatz’ was collectively used by Hong Kong producers and exhibitors as a creative response and a survival strategy to combat technological disparities with Hollywood in the early widescreen era, when producers did not have access to anamorphic equipment due to Hollywood’s firm monopoly of the technology, and exhibitors did not have CinemaScope films to put on their screens because Hong Kong was at the end of the global distribution line. Through contextualizing Grandview’s The Love of Susan in local industrial practices and within global widescreen history, I theorize how Hong Kong’s case presents an alternative genealogy of widescreen cinema, one that celebrates the creative and political possibilities of the ersatz.

In search of a focus. A Cold War historian reflects on international history

ABSTRACT The present article examines the normative reliance on color-based conceptions of race in scholarly literature on East Central European history and present-day societies, arguing that its unreflective application produces a systematic mismatch between theoretical frameworks and regional empirical material. While recent scholarship has sought to integrate the region into global histories of race – often through critiques of the region's “racial innocence” or “racial exceptionalism” – this article contends that such approaches risk obscuring historically prevalent forms of racialization that were not primarily organized around skin color. Even if many of them were underpinned by notions of white supremacy, the emphasis of local actors was often put onto other purported markers of biological belonging. Methodologically, the article offers a critical review of scholarship and different strands in the literature, and finally reflects on the implications of color-centered frameworks for the study of contemporary regional social and political dynamics.

ABSTRACT This article explores the impact of B.R. Ambedkar’s 1935 Yeola Declaration on Baptist churches in princely Hyderabad, particularly in Gadwal Samasthan. The Declaration’s call for Dalits to convert outside the Hindu fold marked a political rupture with Brahmanical sovereignty and reimagined religion as a site of political action. Drawing on Ambedkar’s contemporaneous writings on Christianity, this article shows how his social action paradigm enabled a critique of the political inaction embedded in dominant Protestant theological frameworks. It traces how the Declaration inspired Dalit mass conversions and spurred Dalit Christian leaders to challenge Protestant missiology and reframe theology through anti-caste praxis. Using the framework of “Ambedkarite Dialectics,” the article argues that the religious imaginaries sparked by the Yeola Declaration shaped political movements and contributed significantly to the emergence of Dalit theology, in colonial and postcolonial India, marking a key chapter in the global history of political theology.

ABSTRACT This essay revisits the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) as a significant framework in global media history. Emerging in the 1970s from the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and UNESCO, NWICO sought to address structural inequalities in news flows, communication infrastructure, and global representation between the Global North and the Global South. Although the initiative declined politically in the 1980s, its call for communication justice has regained urgency amid data colonialism, platform imperialism and artificial intelligence. This essay reframes NWICO not as a failed policy experiment but as an incomplete framework for understanding contemporary communication inequalities. It makes three main points: first, that NWICO was a systemic critique of Cold War communication models; second, that its emphasis on control over communication resources anticipates current struggles over data, platforms, and algorithm governance; and third, that NWICO provides a guiding basis for reconsidering communication justice in the digital age. By linking historical arguments about media imperialism and communication sovereignty to current debates on digital infrastructure, data governance, and AI systems, the essay shows that inequalities persist and evolve. It concludes that revisiting NWICO is essential for understanding contemporary media power and envisioning more democratic global communication.

ABSTRACT The Maldives, an archipelago of some 1,200 islands in the Indian Ocean, has been a maritime crossroads for centuries. During the Age of European Expansion, the Maldives came to occupy a prominent role in world history. The islands provided vast quantities of cowry shells to European traders, which were used as currency and helped to facilitate the transatlantic slave trade. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was the Maldivians' most important European trading partner. After the VOC established itself on the nearby island of Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka) and the coasts of the Indian subcontinent, the Dutch quickly realized that the Maldives were a significant navigational hazard that needed to be documented and charted to safely navigate to and from nearby outposts and avoid dangerous and costly shipwrecks. Throughout the VOC's existence, its ships experienced numerous mishaps in the Maldivian islands, whereby vessels were wrecked, sailors died, and trade goods were lost. By analyzing the VOC's extant cartographic and documentary records, this study presents a wealth of new information about Maldivian-Dutch interactions, shipwrecks, and the VOC's mapping of the Maldivian archipelago.

Since the static Knowledge Graph cannot meet the dynamics of knowledge in the real world, Temporal Knowledge Graph has become a potential method for processing temporal knowledge. However, Temporal Knowledge Graph still faces the problem of incompleteness. Hence knowledge completion has become the main reasoning task for computing the missing facts in Knowledge Graph. In order to capture more richer historical information for predicting future events, we propose a new event forecasting model called Global-Recent Historical Network (GRHNet). In GRHNet, we use statistical methods to simulate the evolution of events. Furthermore, we design a global history learner to capture the repeatability of knowledge, and a recent history learner to capture time-variability of knowledge. GRHNet is evaluated on two benchmark datasets. The results demonstrate that, compared with state-of-the-art baselines, GRHNet achieves at least a 3% relative improvement in MRR.

This article analyses the trajectory of Cécile Brunschvicg (1877–1946), an activist involved in two major feminist organisations in France during the first half of the twentieth century. Brunschvicg was a representative of reformist feminism, active in middle-class feminist organisations, who engaged in cross-class activism, addressing the working and living conditions of women workers. Brunschvicg’s activism took various forms: although it operated mainly through the organisations in which she participated and held prominent positions, she was also a prolific writer, who published numerous press articles and participated in many feminist congresses. The author argues that Brunschvicg was a significant feminist figure, whose activism extended transnationally and influenced the politics of women’s work in France, Europe and beyond. Her reformist strategy of gradual progress aimed to establish links with MPs and leading social figures in order to achieve feminist demands. In doing so, she consistently defended women workers and their unionisation, particularly during the two world wars when women replaced men sent to the front, and during the attacks on women’s right to work provoked by the economic crisis of 1929. This article contributes to a gendered global labour history through the lens of an intersectional and inclusive biographical perspective.

Review: <i>Water in World History</i> , by Ellen F. Arnold

The textile industry of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) represents the pinnacle of pre-modern Chinese manufacturing and played a central role in the period's "economic revolution." This study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating economic history, technological history, and global history to analyze how the internal marketization of this industry interacted synergistically with external trade dynamics to create a resilient, globally connected production and trade system. Through a critical analysis of diverse historical sources-including official records, archaeological materials, and foreign accounts-this paper revises previous assumptions regarding technological timelines and state-market relations. First, the production system underwent significant marketization, characterized by a shift from state dominance to a "state-supervised, privately-operated" workshop ("jihu") model, albeit one often constrained by coercive state procurement mechanisms, regional specialization, and the refinement of pattern-weaving technologies (precursors to the later documented drawloom), which enabled increased production of complex patterns. Second, foreign trade was driven by institutional support (the Maritime Trade Supervisorate system), multi-layered international demand (from East Asia to the Mediterranean), and evolving financial and logistical infrastructures (primarily bullion and ceramic exchange, with limited domestic currency circulation). Third, the port of Quanzhou served as a microcosm, demonstrating how local/regional production, foreign merchant communities ("fanfang"), and state regulation were integrated into an efficient export platform. The study concludes that the Song textile industry exemplifies a pre-modern, market-driven model of "Smithian growth, " tempered by state intervention, where technological adaptation, institutional innovation, and integration into global networks converged to create a highly competitive and outward-oriented industrial complex, offering historical insights into the early globalization of "Made in China."