World Culture Research Articles

WEIRD-Confucian comparisons: Ongoing cultural biases in psychology's evidence base and some recommendations for improving global representation.

The realization that most behavioral science research focuses on cultures labeled as WEIRD-Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (Arnett, 2008; Henrich et al., 2010; Thalmayer et al., 2021)-has given an impetus to extend the research to more diverse populations. Confucian East Asian societies have relatively strong social and technological infrastructure to advance science and thus have gained much prominence in cross-cultural studies. This has inadvertently fostered another bias: the dominance of WEIRD-Confucian comparisons and a tendency to draw conclusions about "non-WEIRD" cultures in general based on data from Confucian societies. Here, analyzing 1,466,019 scientific abstracts and, separately, coverage of 60 large-scale cross-cultural psychological projects (Nsamples = 2,668 from Ncountries = 153 covering nparticipants = 3,722,940), we quantify the dominance of Confucian over other non-WEIRD cultures in psychological research. Our analysis also reveals the underrepresentation of non-European Union postcommunist societies and the almost total invisibility of Pacific Island, Caribbean, Middle African, and Central Asian societies within the research database of psychology. We call for a shift in cross-cultural studies toward midsize (7+ countries) and ideally large-scale (50+ countries) cross-cultural studies, and we propose mitigations that we believe could aid the inclusion of diverse researchers as well as participants from underrepresented cultures in our field. People in all world regions and cultures deserve psychological knowledge that applies to them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Архетип, мифотворчество и индивидуализм: доминанты философии романтизма

The study of the specifics of the segment of Eastern mythology is an urgent issue of cultural studies. Multivari-ate archetypes in world cultures, which have been constructed for centuries as a result of complex historical interaction, significantly form the current context of cultural realities. One of the little-studied phenomena re-mains the ancient Indian mythological stratum, which has repeatedly undergone changes in the consciousness of Western European cultures. The article analyzes the features of their interpretation and further perception as general cultural values, as well as the processes of penetration of the mythological segment and its role in the formation of ideas about the East, the further development of scientific discourse in self-determination, which arose as a response to cultural transformations. In the course of the analytical work, it was concluded that in the vast majority of cases, the original mythological images were transformed under the influence of new funda-mental trends inherent in the relationship between secular and religious values.

CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL VALUES OF EDUCATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

The article reveals the problem of preparing future teachers from the standpoint of axiological and humanistic approaches, which define education as an effective means of reviving national culture helping to foster socialization, self-organization, and personal responsibility; to lay the basics for would-be teachers to become guarantors of the civil world; to restore morality, social protection, and childhood protection; to show the way of becoming an open and democratic society. The areas of improvement of higher pedagogical education in the context of cultural and spiritual values of education are identified, which also include the education of a humanist teacher, professional, researcher, a citizen capable of effectively solving the tasks of teaching and educating schoolchildren in all areas of the educational system. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, the educational functions of pedagogical education and raising the status of education are determined. They include mastering the values of moral, civic, and spiritual culture of society and humanity, developing one's own attitude toward them; developing a value-meaningful attitude toward the teaching profession, and the actualization of the need to create oneself as a teacher and as a person; mastering pedagogical values, ideas as a part of humanitarian culture and universal human values and formation of a pedagogical worldview; forming civic positions of the individual, experience of protecting one's rights and compliance with the laws of a democratic society; developing intellectual and personal potential of students, their abilities and interests; developing spiritual and moral freedom of the individual, the ability to build one's life according to the laws of humanity.
 It is concluded that the cultural and spiritual values of the teacher, which act as mechanisms of education, define a humanistic position towards children, a positive attitude towards pedagogical activity, the need for personal and professional self-realization, spiritual and moral needs (the search for the meaning of life, mercy, the ability to help people), and the ability to work in dialogue forms.

Brief Analysis of the Importance of Cultural Communication in the Context of Globalization

In the grand backdrop of globalization, where economic, political, and technological exchanges and collaborations among nations are increasingly frequent and profound, culture, as an identifier of nations and ethnicities and a bond connecting people around the world, has shown its growing importance. In the process of globalization, the dissemination and exchange of cultures not only facilitate mutual understanding among countries but also play an irreplaceable role in promoting the prosperity and development of world cultural diversity. Cultural communication plays multiple roles in the context of globalization. It helps break geographical and linguistic barriers, promoting the blending and innovation of different cultures. It also plays a key role in international relations, economic development, and social progress. The widespread recognition of a nation's cultural traditions and values through dissemination is vital for enhancing national image and international influence. How to protect and promote the uniqueness of local cultures in the tide of globalization, maintaining self-identity while being open and inclusive, is an important issue at hand. Therefore, by strengthening international cultural exchanges and cooperation, preserving and inheriting local cultural characteristics, and using modern media technology to innovate in cultural communication, we can better play the role of cultural communication in the context of globalization, promoting the diversity and prosperity of world cultures.

#MeToo movement in Korean arts & culture sector and gender mainstreaming strategies in cultural policy

ABSTRACT This study examines how the #MeToo movement in the Korean arts and culture world has changed the Korean government’s cultural and gender equality policies. First, I discuss the gendered power structure of the Korean arts and culture sector, focusing on the issues raised by this movement in terms of the specificity of the sector, which is a dominant discourse of cultural policy. Second, by exploring that newly organized activist groups through the movement played a significant role as gender governance, I examined how this gender governance overcame the limitations of government gender mainstreaming strategies and reconciled the specificity of the arts and culture sector with gender mainstreaming strategies under the conflicted political circumstances and government policy-making process. It resulted in the ‘mainstreaming of gender equality as an inalienable right of artists’ in the new Artist’ Status and Rights Guarantee Act, beyond the mere reliance on the existing gender mainstreaming tools.

Evaluation of color degradation on unearthed silks: A data analytical strategy based on microfading spectrometry

Silk relics, as the typical representative of organic artifacts, are important historical materials for the study of Chinese and world culture. However, these relics are extremely vulnerable to burial or conservation environments which play a crucial role in its acceleration of deterioration. Light-induced color degradation is one of the most serious threats to textiles, resulting in regional fading of these objects. This special threat severely affected their artistic and historical values and produced irrevocable alteration. The evaluation of discoloration of dyed silk relics has been the hot spot of conservation science. Therefore, the regional lightfastness assessment of textile artifacts has been of significance for their color preservation. Recently, microfading spectrometry has been broadly applied for simulating accelerated photofading process and evaluating if the pigment or dye was susceptible to discoloration. With the goal of finely demonstrating color changes in multiple dimensions, the integrated data analytical method is of great necessity. In this work, a data analytical strategy has been developed for elaborately evaluating the fading behavior of dyestuff from the spectral, kinetic, and chromatic aspects with their color change trajectory also provided. Based on the strategy, 10 representative vegetable dyes have been studied. Furthermore, the potential fading behaviors of 3 groups of dyed silks unearthed from different places of Keyakekuduke beacon tower site, Xinjiang were evaluated, compared and predicted. From the results, it was demonstrated that archaeological silk objects unearthed from different places of one site may potentially fade to light in a different manner. Hence, precisely and in-depth monitoring the potential color degradation to light was of great necessity. Therefore, the developed strategy in this work represents a constructive tool and provides the methods for relevant research on other color artifacts.

Dakwah Kontemporer: Pengertian, Sejarah, Metode dan Media untuk Pengembangan Dakwah Kontemporer

The existence of contemporary da'wah at this time needs to be brought closer to science, especially when facing current conflicts in society. Islam is a religion of rahmatan lil 'alamin, of course it must be able to provide donations and solutions in the development and change of modern society. So far, Islamic civilization has stagnated and even Islam has moved away from the hustle and bustle of the world of science. if we look back, Islam has actually been a pioneer of scientific findings that have been developed by Western civilization. Even though science and world civilization today, the focus is on Western civilization and it seems as if Islamic civilization will stagnate without significant progress for the benefit of the people. on the development model of mass communication media which indeed allows da'wah today to be conveyed simply, quickly and evenly

Pendidikan Tata Susila pada Anak Usia Dini dalam Perspektif Islam

Early Childhood Education is very important to form a generation that will be ready to replace the relay barrel of the older generation to realize a better world civilization. Early Childhood (AUD) is in its golden phase in growth and development both physically, emotionally, and spiritually. So, to get optimal and effective results, character education must be taught from an early age. Anxiety in the hearts of parents is also inseparable from children's behavior that does not reflect good behavior and ethics. This research is in the form of descriptive qualitative, library study and literature. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The conclusion of this study is that religious and moral aspects become solui in the formation of early childhood behavior consisting of early childhood moral education towards God that moral system towards God is the initial foundation of children's creeds, then morality to the Messenger where at this stage children are taught to follow the behavior of the Apostle according to the sunnah, then morality towards parents where children learn to respect and behave well with parents, Furthermore, moral system towards the environment where we as caliphs must love and protect the environment, then moral system towards ourselves where children must love themselves by habituating good behavior towards themselves and moral system towards society where children as social beings who are able to place themselves and are able to socialize with other communities

Cultural diversity of traditions for the disposal of exfoliated teeth: Implications for researchers.

For decades, researchers in anthropology and archaeology have used teeth, including exfoliated primary teeth, as fossil records of people's physical life experiences. Recently, researchers in psychiatry, epidemiology, environmental health and other fields have recognized the potential for teeth to serve as biomarkers of other early-life experiences, including trauma exposure and other types of psychosocial stress, which are potent determinants of later mental and physical health problems. Despite the emerging appreciation and value of teeth as biospecimens, little is understood about cultural beliefs and practices surrounding exfoliated teeth. If known, such insights could inform culturally appropriate practices for paediatric dental care and improve protocols for the ethical acquisition of teeth as biospecimens in research studies. To address this gap, a qualitative systematic review was performed to summarize the variety of traditions performed worldwide for disposing of primary exfoliated teeth. PubMed, Google Scholar, AnthroSource, Anthropological Literature, EHRAF World Cultures and Anthropology Plus were searched with a systematic search strategy to identify articles published from inception through December 2, 2021. Citations of relevant papers were also forward and backward searched. There were 3289 articles that met the initial inclusion criteria, of which 37 were included after individual screening and applying exclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was used to identify 74 distinct traditions related to the disposal of exfoliated teeth, which were organized into seven general themes: (1) giving teeth to a tooth fairy, (2) giving teeth to mouse figures, (3) throwing teeth, (4) hiding/keeping teeth, (5) burying teeth, (6) giving teeth to animals and (7) eating the tooth. The results of this study elucidate the diversity within-yet universality of-exfoliated tooth disposal traditions and underscore the importance of tooth exfoliation as a major milestone during child development. Special attention must be paid to these traditions and related ethical concerns when designing research protocols related to their collection. With a greater understanding of beliefs and practices related to exfoliated teeth, researchers will be better equipped to engage children and families in studies that include analyses of exfoliated teeth, collect teeth as biospecimens, and broaden the use of teeth in research.

Factors with ambiguous qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites

The aim of this study is to investigate factors with both beneficial and harmful qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites. Particular but not exclusive attention is given to aspects relating to tourism and infrastructure. Data from the World Heritage List for North America and Europe, linked to the 2014 UNESCO Periodic Report II, are employed for the analysis. A simultaneous Bivariate Probit model estimation is carried out on the 30,954 observations and 402 Heritage Sites. World Heritage managers assess that certain factors are both beneficial and harmful for their sites. These contradictory perceptions appear most commonly in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation (28% of the sites), ground transport infrastructure (16%) and to the Society's valuing of heritage (12%). Besides this, ambivalent perceptions are also identified for housing, commercial development, land conversion, forestry/timber production and renewable energy facilities, although to a lesser extent. Estimation results reveal that the highest degree of ambivalence occurs in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation, interpretive and sightseeing facilities and ground transport infrastructure when location and specific site characteristics are controlled for. Thus, the results coincide only to some extent with the descriptive statistics. Compared to other groups of Cultural World Heritage Sites (cultural landscapes, religious sites and other sites) managers of cities have a significantly lower probability of perceiving the different factors as harmful.

Study on Relationship Between Early Smartphone Use and Academic Performance in College Going Students in and Around Karad

Smartphones are being used by each and every one today as smartphone technology continues its rapid development.Smartphones are undeniably convenient, helpful study tools and can be a hurtful source of distraction depending on a student'sattitude and use pattern. A nationwide survey conducted in 2010 shows that mobile phones are adolescents' most necessarycommunication medium. It has virtually affected society's accessibility, security, safety, and coordination of business and socialactivities and has hence become a part of the culture of the whole world. Our aim and objective is to determine the prevalenceof early use of smartphones and co-relate with academic performance and to find out the Prevalence of early use of smartphonesin college-going students. 95 college-going students from the College of Physiotherapy who met the inclusion criteria and werebetween the ages of 18 and 26 were chosen for this observational study, which was conducted. The procedure was described,and the appropriate consent was obtained. Data on demographics were collected. The goal of the investigation was stated tothem. Questionnaires were used for assessment, and participants' mark sheets from the first to fourth years of physiotherapycollege and from seventh to twelfth grade were gathered. Most students were found to be using smartphones longer thannecessary, which had a detrimental effect on their academic performance. It was particularly evident in those who acquired theirsmartphone between the seventh and tenth grades, according to a comparison of the questionnaire and mark sheets that weregathered.

Multiphrenic Identities and Cultural Theory in Post-Apartheid Literary Adaptations: Reflections on Ramadan Suleiman’s Film Version of Njabulo Simakhale Ndebele’s Fools

In both apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa, literary texts have been important sites of cultural enquiry. They both historicise culture and allow new theoretical frames. However, they are also sites of fragmented, overpopulated, multisensorial memories and the difficulties of their articulation. This article focuses on Ramadan Suleiman’s, Fools, an adaptation of Njabulo Ndebele’s novel by the same title, as an important site for examining cultural theory occurring at the juncture of apartheid literature and post-apartheid literary criticism. We argue that while the film is a figurative cartographical sketch of the apartheid ‘world’ narrated in the novel, its protagonist functions as an avenue of ‘discharging’ specific ideas of identity crisis in the post-apartheid cultural world. It angles towards multiphrenia as a productive frame to theorise the protagonist’s jumbled identity, drawing from the existing critique of both the text and the film. We conclude that, through this overwhelmed identity, Fools offers a sui generis paradigm of new possibilities in post-apartheid cultural criticism that is usable in both literary and film criticism.

The theatricality and cinematography of Alessandro Baricco's literary works

The subject of the study is stylistic and genre techniques that go beyond literary traditions. The object of the research is the early works of Alessandro Baricco, the novels "Silk" and "Sea-Ocean", the scenario - monologue "1900: the legend of the pianist", the novel – scenario "Smith & Wesson" ("Smith & Wesson"), the novel "City". The research is going to show individual features and artistic techniques that allow achieving the greatest imagery, to identify innovative features of Alessandro Baricco's poetics. Baricco's literary narrative is completed by elements imitating acoustic and visual effects, which allows the reader to build suggestive images in mind, intense with visual and sound effects. This article research two types of works by Alessandro Baricco: those that were originally written not only for reading, but also for staging in the theater; and those where elements of theatricality and cinematography are implicitly inscribed in the text. The scientific novelty of the work is due to show various aspects related to the individuality of the author's thinking. The works of Alessandro Baricco are characterized by syncretism. The writer weaves elements from the theater and cinema into the narrative canvas, which makes his prose highly suggestive. It is also possible to talk about two author's strategies: a detailed description of the visual and sound accompaniment of the action, or half-hints aimed at the gradual recognition of interwoven theatrical and cinematic techniques, hints that help the reader understand what is happening. The results of the study can serve to expand interest to the work of Alessandro Baricco and further research his literature works as a whole with the diverse activities of Baricco in the world of culture.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ БУДУЩИХ ЖУРНАЛИСТОВ: ОСНОВЫ МИМЕТИЧЕСКОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ

The purpose of this article is to determine the specifics and features of organising the art education of future journalists based on the analysis of the experience of training journalists at the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. A comprehensive analysis made it possible to determine the goals and objectives of art education, to identify its integral components, approaches and principles, as well as to describe the content. Defining the artistic training of future journalists as cultural training, the author relates this to the idea of art forms as a highly potential means of educating a person, capable of satisfying the needs of an individual, elevating these needs, immersing a person in the world of culture. This point becomes especially important in conditions of underestimation of the role and significance of aesthetic consciousness and artistic culture, their influence on the dynamics of development of modern society. The main components of art education of future journalists include the developed skills of semantic creativity as an attributive mechanism for the translation of the meanings contained in works of art; formed competences in the field of art and artistic creativity; digital methodology of educational activities; dynamic cultural and educational space; mimetics of experimentation with the discovery of the meanings of the art world, based on artistic experience, formed and developed under the influence of artistic imagery. Art education of future journalists is based on a number of principles, the most important of which are the principles of an integrated approach, uniqueness, traditionality, realisation of the moral potential of art, universality, intercultural interaction, and involvement.

An Open World of Stories: A Critical Examination of Open-Access Global Digital Picturebook Platforms

Abstract: This article presents a critical examination of four open-access global digital picturebook platforms to determine the messages the books could convey to readers about specific cultural groups, and what opportunities are provided for young readers to make important cross-cultural connections to strengthen their socioemotional development and prepare them to engage with diverse individuals in a global society. The sample included five books from each of the open-access platforms. Using both visual content analysis and semiotics, researchers examine how cultures are illustrated—in character demographics, themes, color choices, use of cultural symbols, and any notable differences or similarities between the books in each platform. Each platform was evaluated for its ability to provide opportunities for readers to make important connections with characters in the books, as well as for its potential to support the United Nations Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals of preserving and providing access to the world's culture and heritage. The study provides insight into how children's books in open-access platforms represent different cultures and how this in turn influences the potential for readers to make cross-cultural connections.

Итоги и перспективы международной научной онлайн-конференции «Книга в книге», посвященной памяти Александра Викторовича Михайлова (1938–1995), 2–4 октября 2023 года

The article presents an overview of the International Online Conference “A Book in the Book,” dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Russian philologist and theorist of culture Alexander V. Mikhailov (1938–1995) and held on October 2–4, 2023 by the jointed forces of the Research Centre “Dostoevsky and World Culture” of the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Commission for the Study of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Creative Heritage of the Academic Council “History of World Culture” of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Обзор III Международной научной онлайн-конференции «Преступление и наказание»: современное состояние изучения, 28, 29 февраля – 1 марта 2024 года

The 3rd International Online Conference “Crime and Punishment: Current State of Research” was held on February 28, 29 – March 1 under the leadership of the Research Centre “F.M. Dostoevsky and World Culture” of the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Commission for the Study of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Creative Heritage of the Academic Council “History of World Culture” of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conference was devoted to the latest research on the novel and the problems of teaching Crime and Punishment at school and university. The series of conferences devoted to the novel were held in the perspective of creating a new book for the project Dostoevsky’s Novels: Current State of Research, carried out by a team of scholars from different countries; the first was devoted to the novel The Idiot (Moscow, Nasledie Publ., 2001), the second — to the novel The Brothers Karamazov (Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2007), the third — to the novel The Adolescent (Moscow, IWL RAS Publ., 2022).

Characteristics of Translation and Research of Chinese Classical Poetry in Russia

The study of Chinese classical poetry in Russia dates back several centuries, it is original, has its own bright, distinctive features, no matter in the period of Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union, or contemporary Russia, it always occupies a unique position in the world’s sinology field. In this article, the spread of Chinese classical poetry in Russia is systematically considered from such aspects as the interaction of translators and researchers, translations and works about poets, writers and their works, as well as translation principles and various aspects of research, originality, models of cooperation. This article points out that the study of Chinese classical poetry in Russia attaches great importance to translation, to the exploration of translation principles from the perspectives of rhyme, rhythm, form, paragraphs, tasks, and readers, to the combination of translation, annotation, and research, to the construction of academic terms, and the cooperative mode of poetry translation between Russian sinologists and poets. The paper notes that there are two important goals for Russia and Russian science in translating and researching Chinese classical poetry: firstly, they can serve to enrich national literature and write the history of Russian literature too; secondly, they can be used to introduce Chinese poetry into the context of the development of Russian and world culture. Russian translators and Sinologists-researchers will continue to contribute to the spreading of Chinese poetry and make it a part of world literature.

CREATIVE RESPONSES TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN LITHUANIA: FROM NEOLOGISMS TO REINTERPRETATION OF FOLKLORE

Background. The coronavirus pandemic that reached Lithuania in the early spring of 2020 left its mark on language as well. The emergence of neologisms and new phrases was observed during the first weeks of the quarantine, which was imposed in mid-March 2020. Methods. The authors of the article reveal the manifestations of linguistic creativity observed during the pandemic. The continuously updated Database of Lithuanian Neologisms and various online resources are used to study the words and phrases that are used in Lithuania, both orally and in writing, to describe the coronavirus pandemic, and the worldview and emotional attitude of the Lithuanian people that emerges from the neologisms of the period. The primary focus here lies on Lithuanian neologisms, and compound words and blends in particular. Some cases of individual, often occasional word formation and more popular neologisms from the Database of Lithuanian Neologisms are discussed separately. The main ways of making new formations and the most popular lexemes behind the new formations are presented as well. Linguistic methods used in this article are: 1) descriptive method; 2) semantic analysis; 3) structural analysis; 4) cultural interpretation method and 5) statistical method. Results. Analysis of the Lithuanian neologisms that appeared during the pandemic, a.k.a. coronalogisms, shows that most of them are nouns. In terms of formation, the neologisms are dominated by compounds; as far as the frequency of lexemes is concerned, most of them have the root koron- // coron-. The linguistic creativity of Lithuanian language users during the pandemic was not limited to just coining neologisms: new interpretations of the national history, language, and folklore traditions have appeared, and various elements of the national and world culture were involved in the language games. Visual content has been added to the language games and linguistic creativity as a response of caricaturists, social ad designers, and other creative people to the realities of the pandemic. Conclusions. Analysis of the examples of new formations and other cases of linguistic creativity was employed to demonstrate how unexpected changes in life spark linguistic creativity that combines contemporary experience and cultural tradition of the language community.

ОБРАЗ ВРЕМЕНИ И ПРОСТРАНСТВА В ТЮРКСКОМ ТРАДИЦИОННОМ ДЕКОРАТИВНОМ ИСКУССТВЕ

The world culture knows various systems of time calculation, and one of the most complex is the 12-year animal cycle (the Tengrian calendar), which has allowed to order the nomad’s existence, to form a globally important ability to live in a single rhythm with time and space. This calendar, like all other ethnocultural calendars, is not only a “time-measuring device”, but a much wider and more extensive cultural phenomenon. This article reveals the problems of time and space reflection in Turkic arts and crafts, or rather in ornaments. The thesis that the spatio-temporal picture in art is represented exclusively in a symbolic context is already undeniable. This context can be expressed in a variety of images: geometric, zoomorphic, plant and even anthropomorphic. The article focuses on the comprehension of animal images of the Tengrian calendar and their reflection in the Kazakh ornamental system. At the same time, the author is far from thinking that all samples of traditional arts and crafts reflect the folk calendar, but it is difficult to ignore some of its echoes. Thus, the article clarifies the traditional Kazakh names of the years of the Tengrian calendar, and also presents some aspects of comprehension of animal images in the ornamental system.