Research Of Working Group Research Articles

Reflections on the Field of Workgroup Research and My Personal Journey

Reflections on the Field of Workgroup Research and My Personal Journey

The evolution of work team research since Hawthorne.

Since the Hawthorne studies of the 1920s and 1930s, there has been tremendous progress in the science and the practice of work group effectiveness. We chronicle the evolution of 3 schools of thought concerning work groups that spawned about the time of those studies. We highlight the different emphases of each perspective and how they eventually merged into an integrated view of teamwork. We also illustrate the disciplinary ebbs and flows of work group research over the past quarter century and how many different scholars from diverse institutions are currently contributing to the literature. We highlight the progress that has been made both in terms of scholarly insights and practical advances. We argue that the popular Input-Process-Outcome framework has facilitated progress in the field but has also become a limiting factor. We conclude that future advances will be associated with: (a) the advent of new theories, methodologies, and tools for modeling dynamic team properties; (b) a greater appreciation for, and sophisticated conceptions of, team task environments; and (c) conceptions of teams as entities in multilevel environments. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Sherifs’ contributions to management research

PurposeMuzafer and Carolyn Wood Sherif are among the founders of social psychology. Their theoretical and empirical findings made important contributions to the management literature. This paper aims to attempt to underline these contributions and highlights the Sherifs’ interdisciplinary work and their impact on management research specifically.Design/methodology/approachUsing a citation content analysis, the influence of the Sherifs on management research is detailed by examining how their work has contributed to research published in top management journals.FindingsThe Sherifs’ work has influenced numerous research streams related to organisational groups, social norms, assimilation contrast theory and a combination of various other topics. Additionally, these works helped originate team and workgroup research in organisation theory.Originality/valueThis is the first manuscript of its type to examine the influence of the Sherifs on management research. Their story is a testament to the impact that social psychology researchers have had in developing modern thought about organisational issues. This work also addresses potential areas for future research building on the Sherifs’ work.

Developing a Core Set of Outcome Measures for Behçet Disease: Report from OMERACT 2016.

The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Vasculitis Working Group has been working toward developing a data-driven core set of outcome measures for use in clinical trials of Behçet's syndrome [Behçet disease (BD)]. This paper summarizes the group's work through OMERACT 2016, discussions during the meeting, and the future research agenda. Qualitative patient interviews were conducted among 20 patients with BD who have different types of organ involvement. A 3-round Delphi among BD experts and patients was initiated to identify domains, subdomains, and outcomes to be assessed in clinical trials of BD. The results of these studies were discussed during OMERACT 2016 and next steps were planned. Patients' perspectives and priorities were identified through qualitative interviews that identified candidate domains and subdomains for inclusion in the Delphi and characterized some shortcomings of the currently used patient-reported outcomes in BD. The first round of the Delphi was completed and several domains or subdomains were endorsed by the experts and/or the patients. Because many more items were endorsed than would be feasible to assess during a clinical trial, rating and ranking of items by physicians and patients was planned as a next critical step. The challenges of assessing specific organ system involvement was also discussed. The OMERACT Behçet Syndrome Working Group research program will identify core domains for assessment in BD with the goal of developing a core set of outcome measures for use in all trials of BD with the option to incorporate additional outcomes for specific organ involvement.

Comparison of the organization of teaching-learning process by different occupational seniority science teachers

The aim of this study is to examine regulation of priority in the different teaching-learning process of science teachers format. Nine science teachers attendant in state schools with similar properties in Aksaray, constitute the working group's research. The data obtained through observation and interviews were analyzed descriptively. According to the results of teachers findings related to the preparation before the course examined three categories including content, learning environment, findings for students of different levels. All three groups of teachers said that they had made several preparations under this category before the course. The activities that took place in the introduction of class by teacher were examined in the form of reminders, class teacher attention, motivation, to notify the target and prerequisite information and it was determined that several variations based on priority in that category. According to the findings relating to the course of teacher workings, question-answer and lectures were used in three groups. The most diverse materials and teaching methods and techniques in the course belongs to teachers with priority between 11-20 years. While the priority of teachers increases student participation in the course decreases. 1-10 years from associating with everyday life; between the main and sub-points highlighting 11-20 years; making summaries are 21 and older teachers with seniority they left missing in the course of those points.

Core principles for involving people with dementia in research: innovative practice.

The Scottish Dementia Working Group Research Sub-group is part of the Scottish Dementia Working Group, an internationally renowned campaigning group of people with dementia. We co-created our core principles for involving people with dementia in research between September and December 2013. The principles address six areas: (i) how people with dementia are valued and involved in research, (ii) lived experience as valid knowledge, (iii) physical and emotional safety, (iv) accessibility of all aspects of research, (v) training for researchers and (vi) the impact of our experiences of time on research processes. Through our core principles, we challenge researchers across all disciplines to re-consider how we and other people with dementia are involved in research as well as how knowledge in dementia research is created.

When diversity helps performance

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to explore whether national diversity in the form of national variety (differences in kind, e.g. number of nationalities) has a positive effect on group processes and performance whereas national separation (differences in attitudes and beliefs; i.e. social distance and national stereotypes) has a negative effect. Design/methodology/approach – This cross-cultural comparative study examines the moderating role of national diversity in the relationship between social attitudes on conflict and performance across two samples. Participants are presented with one of the two national variety conditions (low or high national variety) who then report on social distance, national stereotype, conflict, and performance. Findings – National separation negatively relates to performance and positively relates to conflict. However, there is less conflict and higher performance, despite national separation, when there is high national variety. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited to individual perceptions. Research could be extended to experienced conflict and effects of individual national separation on conflict and performance at the group level. Practical implications – Although social distances and negative stereotypes may not be completely eliminated, the results imply that managers can modify the effects by promoting and celebrating national variety. The results show that even conflict is modified (task conflict increases while relationship and process conflict decreases) when there is national variety despite social distances and negative stereotypes. Originality/value – This study contributes to workgroup research on diversity and conflict management by exploring social attitudes and opinions. Individual attitudes are the bases of group processes and this study attends to two of the social attitudes that need to be added to our understanding of group processes.

Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Screening for Sudden Cardiac Death Before Participation in High School and Collegiate Sports

The College’s Current Position The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) supports an evaluation prior to participating in high school and collegiate sports using a standardized history and physical (HP Table 1). ACPM recommends against routine screening for potential sudden cardiac death (SCD) with electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and genetic testing in individuals without personal risk factors. The recommendations by ACPM address only mass screening approaches to detecting SCD and are not targeted toward individuals who may be identified by their healthcare provider as “above average” risk who may benefit from additional testing with the modalities mentioned above. ACPM supports the adoption of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Working Group research agenda to evaluate the effectiveness of any screening program in reducing SCD, its cost–benefit ratio, and its impact on health outcomes (Table 2). The full-length version of the current article can be found on the ACPM website (www.acpm.org/?page=Policy_Statement).

When Diversity Helps Performance: Effects of Social Distance, National Stereotypes, and National Diversity on Conflict and Performance

In this study, we examined how differences in attitudes and beliefs (i.e., social distance and stereotypes) and national diversity (differences in kind; e.g., number of nationalities) affect the conflict experience and performance of workgroup members. We also examined the mediating role of conflict in the relationship of social distance and stereotypes with performance. Data was collected in Pakistan and the Netherlands through a scenario study with reference to three outgroup countries. Results showed that both social distance and national stereotypes were negatively related to performance and positively related to conflict. National diversity moderated the social distance and stereotype to conflict relationship, and conflict served as the mediator of the social distance and national stereotypes to performance relationship. This study contributes to workgroup research on diversity and conflict management by exploring social attitudes and opinions and offers interesting results for future investigation.

Development of Systems of Care for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients

Creating an ideal system of care to address the care forpatients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) iscomplex from both the system’s and patient/family’s perspec-tives. In general, this care is unlike most other hospital care.It typically involves very fast and complex decision makingand, often, sudden transportation to another facility forpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). All of this occurswith a potentially critically ill patient and at a time when thefamily is often not immediately available. In this report, weaddress key perspectives from the patient and public point ofview of the current system of care for STEMI patients andhighlight the barriers and gaps that must be addressed by anideal system of care (Table 1).

Structured Group Work for Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Coping Skills Approach

Research regarding persons with schizophrenia has been a neglected area in social work group research. This article describes the development and testing of a structured group treatment. This experimental pretest-posttest treatment control study examines the effecriveness of group coping skills training (CST) in reducing relapse in persons with schizophrenia. CST involves training in time management, managing physiological arousal, cognitive restructuring, and social skills training. Results indicate that clients in CST had fewer hospitalizations, shorter hospital stays, and significantly better achievement of treatment goals compared with clients in the treatment control group both at posttest and at six-month follow-up.

Work group research: past strategies and future opportunities

Standard methodologies for investigating work groups are compared. Supplementary, complementary, and hybrid research strategies are identified and tradeoffs discussed. The need for conducting externally valid work group experiments is emphasized. Methodological shortcomings in previous work group experiments are cited and translated into experimental design guidelines which incorporate: (1) realistic tasks; (2) subject cohorts that are knowledgeable about and interested in the experimental task; and (3) the organizational context provided by academic institutions. Together, these design guidelines constitute a previously uncharacterized experimental methodology that increases external validity, labeled the opportunistic experiment. Group projects undertaken by engineering students are identified as an ideal and untapped source for engineering management (and other) researchers to utilize in their investigations of work groups. >

Social Work Group Research: Challenges for the 1990s

Social Work Group Research: Challenges for the 1990s